基于核心素养的化学实验社团活动*

通过问卷的形式调查了赣州市高中化学实验教学开展的情况,结合赣州中学化学实验社团开发与运行的实际,研究了化学实验社团的创建与运行、开展趣味化学实验社团活动、社员参加化学研学活动、拍摄社团原创趣味实验视频、创办化学实验社团公众号、创新改进教材实验等等。实践结果表明:在高中开发化学实验社团具有可行性和操作性,通过开展化学实验社团活动,可以锻炼学生多方面的能力、促进学生化学核心素养的发展。     

微型化学实验在基础化学实验教学中的研究

微型化实验由于较好的教学效果和显著的经济与社会效益,成为当前化学实验教学改革的方向之一。基于此,从实验仪器装置、实验条件、实验方法、实验内容、创新性、与探究教学的整合这五个方面对微型化学实验在基础化学实验教学中的研究进行了总结,从而为微型化学实验应用于基础化学实验教学提供参考。     

高师化学实验课程体系改革的研究

分析当前化学实验教学现状的基础上,就存在的问题,构建了实验课程改革的新体系,提出了打破二级学科的限制,整体规划化学实验的新思路。建议按照基础化学实验、综合化学实验、现代化学实验三阶段,而每个阶段又分为基础训练实验、综合训练实验和应用性、设计性实验三个层次的"一体化、三阶段、三层次"设立实验课程的新方案。     

高中化学实验的改进与创新研究

对化学实验进行不断改进和创新,实验才能充满生命和活力,保持其在化学教学中的独特地位。从化学反应原理的模拟、化学实验的深化与完善、化学实验的创新、化学实验中非专业仪器的合理使用等4个方面对高中的30个实验进行了不同程度的改进和创新。     

地方高等师范院校化学实验课程体系的构建与实践

构建了化学实验教学新体系,即＂二体系三层次＂的化学实验课程体系。其中二体系为基础化学实验课程和综合化学实验课程;在三层次中,基本操作实验为第一层次,基础性、设计性实验为第二层次,综合性实验为第三层次。该体系的建立、实践、推广凸现了地方高等师范院校化学专业实验课程的特色与优势。     

综合性化学实验设计:氨基修饰的UiO-66(Zr)的制备、表征及光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的性能测试*

介绍了一个综合化学实验--氨基修饰的UiO-66(Zr)的制备、表征及光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的性能测试。实验内容涉及有机合成、溶剂热合成、仪器分析、化学分析和化学动力学等。实验涵盖了四大基础化学实验,实现了基础化学实验内容的融会贯通,引导学生深入探索化学学科的内在联系,为后续研究性实验和科研创新实验打下坚实基础。同时,将光催化等先进技术引入实验教学,激发了学生学习化学知识的兴趣和独立思考、探索创新的意识,有利于创新型化学人才的培养。     

《化学基本操作技术实验》

化学实验教材编写组编本书是适应化学实验教学改革的发展需要,构建“基本操作—物质合成—物性测试及表征—综合与设计实验”为主线的项目化实验教学体系;打破化学学科实验的边界,反映了化学实验内容层次性,让学生直观理解化学实验的全部概貌。化学基本操作技术实验全书共51个基本操作技术实验,涉及无机化学、分析化学、有机化学等三个部分基本操作技     

“中学化学实验研究”课程绿色化设计的思考

当前我国高等师范院校化学专业的"中学化学实验研究"课程应从化学实验的绿色化设计、规范微型化学实验和实施化学实验绿色化技术3个方面进行深入开发和推广,以利于《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》的贯彻和实施。     

物理化学实验中的绿色化学教育

根据绿色化学的原则,对物理化学实验中的实验装置、实验内容进行“绿色化”改造,在实验中,要求学生运用化学基本知识,认识绿色化学的重要性,并将绿色化学的前沿内容引入物理化学实验中,丰富物理化学实验的内容。     

免费师范生职前化学实验教学能力现状调查——为培养新课程化学教师奠定基石

化学实验教学能力是指化学教师开展实验教学的能力,是化学教师实验能力的核心部分。如何适应基础教育化学新课标的要求,培养高素质的“新课程教师”,是部属师范院校化学专业免费师范生培养所面临的现实问题。从实验操作能力、实验讲解能力、实验研究能力、实验设计能力、实验评价能力对免费师范生化学实验教学能力现状进行问卷调查分析,调查发现:免费师范生职前化学实验教学能力薄弱的环节主要体现在实验操作、实验教学设计及实验讲解这3个方面,同时免费师范生的科学探究意识薄弱,亟待提高。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Use of NAA in marine environment and in archaeology in Greece

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very sensitive and accurate multielement analytical method that is widely applied to the investigation of environmental and archaeological problems. The first part of this paper is a review of pollution studies of toxic trace elements in sediments, seawater and marine organisms of Saronikos Gulf, Greece by NAA. The second part of this paper is a review of provenance studies based on minor and trace element research in ancient ceramics, obsidian, flint, limestone, marble and lead by Instrumental NAA, performed at the NCSR Demokritos.     

Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries

In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.