从TPD谱图求解E_d、k_o的等脱附速率法

提出了一种简便的TPD谱图处理法——等脱附速率法。此法与查表法相结合,有助于确定脱附反应动力学级数。实验证明,该法适用于从一级或二级脱附反应TPD谱求解脱附活化能E_d和指前因子k_o值。     

从TPD谱图求解Ed、ko的等脱附速率法

提出了一种简便的TPD谱图处理法——等脱附速率法。此法与查表法相结合, 有助于确定脱附反应动力学级数。实验证明, 该法适用于从一级或二级脱附反应TPD谱求解脱附活化能E_d和指前因子k_o值。     

烃在HZSM-5沸石上的程序升温脱附

本文研究了烃在HZSM-5沸石上的程序升温脱附(TPD).正己烷、环己烷和苯的TPD谱只有一个陡峰,对和间二甲苯的TPD谱均呈现出双峰.实验测得脱附活化能的次序为:正己烷>对二甲苯>苯>环己烷.水汽处理对正己烷的TPD影响不大;但对二甲苯的TPD影响较大.随着吸附量的增大,二甲苯逐渐占据孔道深处的强活性位置.     

CO在Pt/A12O3催化剂上歧化的研究

利用程序升温脱附(TPD)和差分红外光谱方法研究了CO在Pt/Al_2O_3上的吸附和脱附。发现CO在Pt/A1_2O_3上的TPD谱存在一系列的极大值,由TPD气相产物的组成分析证明除了CO外,尚有CO_2。从差分红外光谱研究发现CO在Pt/Al_2O_3上被吸附时,随温度升高发生歧化反应,生成的CO_2同Al_2O_3表面形成一系列的羧基、羧化物、碳酸盐吸附态,它们的热稳定性不同,热脱附时产生的CO_2则是由这些吸附态脱附而形成的。TPD图谱中的一系列的极大值同这些吸附态的脱附有关。     

线性分析法来解热脱附动力学参数

TPD方法是研究表面常规手段之一.对于如何从实验结果获得正确的脱附动力学参数,已有不少工作发表。然而,现有方法均存在一定的适用范围,尤其是重叠谱解叠,仍然没有很好地解决。本文介绍的线性分析法,不仅适用于简单的一级和二级脱附TPD谱的解析,而且也适用于重叠谱解叠,从而为实验上确定动力学级数和复杂谱解叠提供了依据。     

钛添加物对Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂金属担体相互作用的影响

Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂的CO吸附TPD谱显示,CO的低温脱附峰(200℃前)受预吸附氢和后吸附氢的影响很大,呈现室温氢助CO吸附效应(RTHAA).而200℃以上的CO脱附谱基本上不受氢的影响.已知在聚集态Pt(如Pt丝)上的CO吸附不受氢的影响.因此可以认为,TPD谱中的高温CO脱附峰表征CO在聚集态Pt上的吸附;而受氢影响的CO低温脱附峰则表征CO在分散相Pt上的吸附.这是因为分散相Pt和Al_2O_3接触紧     

焙烧温度对稀土钴系复合氧化物催化剂结构与性能的影响

采用X光衍射（XRD），程序升温还原（TPR），程序升温脱附（TPD），付立叶红外光谱（FT－IR），二甲苯完全氧化活性测定等方法，对3种焙烧温度下所制备的稀土钴系复合氧化物催化剂进行了结构和性能表征，结果表明，随着焙烧温度的升高，钙钛矿型LaCoO3晶体逐渐发育完善，H2－TRP谱的高温还原峰面积和峰温逐渐上升，而低温还原峰面积和峰温逐渐减少，与此同时，O2－TPD谱中600℃附近的高温脱附峰逐渐增大，600℃以下低温脱附峰逐渐降低，稀土钴系复合氧化物催化剂的二甲苯完全氧化活性及导电性无有所改善。     

最小二乘法计算苯、噻吩和正辛烷在NaY上程序升温脱附活化能

采用程序升温脱附(TPD)技术测定了苯、噻吩和正辛烷在NaY上以不同升温速率升温时的TPD谱图. 利用TPD谱图的峰形和其微分曲线判断了程序升温脱附过程中的脱附级数. 提出了一种利用最小二乘法计算吸附剂/催化剂的脱附活化能及其动力学参数的方法. 以这些TPD谱图为基础, 分别采用传统TPD计算模型、最小二乘法以及一阶微分曲线法计算了苯、噻吩和正辛烷在NaY上的脱附活化能和动力学参数. 结果表明, 最小二乘法对在不同线性升温速率时的程序升温脱附活化能的计算结果是一致的.     

一级脱附反应TPD谱的峰高、峰温与脱附活化能的关系

提出了一种从一级脱附反应TPD谱的峰高, 峰温求脱附活化能的方法——查表法。给出了h_m、T_m和E_d之间的关系表。对T_n在200—1100 K, E_d在20-220 kJ mol~(-1)范围内的一级脱附反应体系, 均可据表用内插法求得E_d值, 相对误差在1％以内。     

二级脱附反应TPD谱图剖析

程序升温脱附(TPD)技术在固体表面化学和催化等研究领域中已得到广泛的应用.但由于缺乏有力的理论处理手段,对TPD谱图所提供的信息利用率不高,甚至仍在运用某些错误的处理方法.为此,作者曾对一级脱附反应TPD谱图作过理论分析.本文进一步对二级脱附反应(均匀表面、无再吸附过程)TPD谱图作理论分析.     

Evaluation of Desorption Energy Distributions from TPD Spectra on a Heterogeneous Solid Surface

The condensation approximation (CA) and numerical regularization procedure (RP) methods used to solve a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind describing the adsorption equilibria on a heterogeneous solid surface under isothermal conditions have been adopted in the present study to evaluate desorption energy distributions from temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra. From comparisons of the computational results obtained by means of these methods on the basis of simulated TPD spectra, it follows that the CA gives stable solutions for wide desorption energy distributions and it can be used successfully for calculations from wide and clear resolved peaks in the TPD spectra. The use of the RP is more advantageous for acquisition of the distributions from closely related narrow peaks in the TPD spectra. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

沸石分子筛上程序升温脱附谱的Monte Carlo模拟研究 Ⅰ．模型的建立

沸石分子筛因其特殊的孔道结构而致使其ＴＰＤ谱图的分析比其它催化剂更为困难，目前尚无一种切实可行的理论分析方法。本文发展了一种较为简单的模拟分子筛上ＴＰＤ谱图的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法，模拟结果表明，在同一组脱附动力学参数下，沸石分子筛上的峰形和峰位置与其它催化剂都有明显的差异，并且峰温的差别与脱附活化能和指前因子有关。同时表明，对于普通催化剂可以根据峰最大时的覆盖度θ＿Ｍ来判断脱附级数，而对于沸石分子筛，θ＿Ｍ却随Ｅ＿ｄ线性变化。     

The adsorption and desorption of ethanol ices from a model grain surface

Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature programed desorption (TPD) have been used to probe the adsorption and desorption of ethanol on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at 98 K. RAIR spectra for ethanol show that it forms physisorbed multilayers on the surface at 98 K. Annealing multilayer ethanol ices (exposures >50 L) beyond 120 K gives rise to a change in morphology before crystallization within the ice occurs. TPD shows that ethanol adsorbs and desorbs molecularly on the HOPG surface and shows four different species in desorption. At low coverage, desorption of monolayer ethanol is observed and is described by first-order kinetics. With increasing coverage, a second TPD peak is observed at a lower temperature, which is assigned to an ethanol bilayer. When the coverage is further increased, a second multilayer, less strongly bound to the underlying ethanol ice film, is observed. This peak dominates the TPD spectra with increasing coverage and is characterized by fractional-order kinetics and a desorption energy of 56.3+/-1.7 kJ mol(-1). At exposures exceeding 50 L, formation of crystalline ethanol is also observed as a high temperature shoulder on the TPD spectrum at 160 K.     

Adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of nitrogen in a model nanoporous material. I. Surface limited desorption kinetics in amorphous solid water

The adsorption and desorption kinetics of N2 on porous amorphous solid water (ASW) films were studied using molecular beam techniques, temperature programed desorption (TPD), and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. The ASW films were grown on Pt(111) at 23 K by ballistic deposition from a collimated H2O beam at various incident angles to control the film porosity. The experimental results show that the N2 condensation coefficient is essentially unity until near saturation, independent of the ASW film thickness indicating that N2 transport within the porous films is rapid. The TPD results show that the desorption of a fixed dose of N2 shifts to higher temperature with ASW film thickness. Kinetic analysis of the TPD spectra shows that a film thickness rescaling of the coverage-dependent activation energy curve results in a single master curve. Simulation of the TPD spectra using this master curve results in a quantitative fit to the experiments over a wide range of ASW thicknesses (up to 1000 layers, approximately 0.5 microm). The success of the rescaling model indicates that N2 transport within the porous film is rapid enough to maintain a uniform distribution throughout the film on a time scale faster than desorption.     

Enantioselective separation on a naturally chiral surface

Kinked-stepped, high Miller index surfaces of metal crystals are chiral and, therefore, exhibit enantiospecific properties. Previous temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra have shown that the desorption energies of R-3-methylcyclohexanone (R-3-MCHO) on the chiral Cu(643)(R) and Cu(643)(S) surfaces are enantiospecific (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2384). Here, a comparison of the TPD spectra from Cu(111), Cu(221), Cu(533), Cu(653)(R&S), and Cu(643)(R&S) surfaces reveals that the enantiospecific desorption occurs from the chiral kink sites on the Cu(643) surfaces. Titration of the chiral kink sites with I atoms confirms this assignment of desorption features in the TPD spectra. Finally, the enantiospecific difference in the desorption energies of R- and S-3-MCHO has been used as the basis for demonstration of an enantioselective, kinetic separation of racemic 3-MCHO into its purified components during adsorption and desorption on the Cu(643)(R&S) surfaces.     

Crystallization kinetics and excess free energy of H2O and D2O nanoscale films of amorphous solid water

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) are used to investigate the crystallization kinetics and measure the excess free energy of metastable amorphous solid water films (ASW) of H(2)O and D(2)O grown using molecular beams. The desorption rates from the amorphous and crystalline phases of ASW are distinct, and as such, crystallization manifests can be observed in the TPD spectrum. The crystallization kinetics were studied by varying the TPD heating rate from 0.001 to 3 K/s. A coupled desorption-crystallization kinetic model accurately simulates the desorption spectra and accurately predicts the observed temperature shifts in the crystallization. Isothermal crystallization studies using RAIRS are in agreement with the TPD results. Furthermore, highly sensitive measurements of the desorption rates were used to determine the excess free energy of ASW near 150 K. The excess entropy obtained from these data is consistent with there being a thermodynamic continuity between ASW and supercooled liquid water.     

Adsorption of n-hexane in zeolite-5A: a temperature-programmed desorption and IR-spectroscopic study

The adsorption and desorption of n-hexane over Zeolite-5A has been investigated as a function of loading using simultaneous Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements. The TPD profiles show a second peak developing at lower temperatures when loading exceeds 16 hexane molecules per Zeolite-5A unit cell or two molecules per alpha-cavity of the Zeolite-5A structure. The infrared spectra rule out two types of adsorption sites as the origin of the two peaks in the TPD. Changes in the conformation of the adsorbed hexane as a function of loading and temperature were followed by monitoring the position of the methylene stretching modes in the infrared spectra. With increasing loading, the adsorbed hexane adopts a stretched trans conformation. These changes occur at loading levels below 12 hexane molecules per Zeolite-5A unit cell. No change is observed above this loading, ruling out any conformational change at loadings where the second peak is seen in the TPD. The second peak in the TPD arises, therefore, from a combination of steric repulsion and loss of translational entropy.     

Monte Carlo法模拟CO在Fe(100)表面的升温脱附

以类桥位的模型为基础,采用MonteCarlo算法,结合键级守恒-Morse势方法(BOC-MP),模拟了CO在Fe(100)表面上平躺式吸附,考虑了金属与吸附质(M-A)、吸附质与吸附质(A-A)之间的相互作用,以研究小分子在金属表面上的TPD谱图,分析了CO的解离过程和脱附过程对TPD谱图的影响,结果表明,理论模拟与实验相符.     

Thermal stability of surface nitrogen–oxygen complexes and phase transitions in ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The IR spectra of surface compounds observed in the course of the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NO_x and the TPD spectra are compared. The high-temperature peaks of desorption are related to the decomposition of surface nitrites and nitrates. The low-temperature peaks of NO_x desorption with maximums below 140°C are caused by the decomposition of surface nitrosyls. On the heating of surface nitrosyls, the following two reaction paths are possible: desorption at low temperatures and conversion into nitrates. The shape of the TPD spectra of NO depends on the phase composition of test samples. The transition of a tetragonal phase into a monoclinic one occurred upon the surface dehydroxylation of polycrystalline particles with the formation of particles with a tetragonal nucleus and a monoclinic crust. This transition is reversible. The cooling of a sample in a moist atmosphere leads to the transition of the monoclinic crust to the tetragonal phase.