Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Extract as a Poly(vinyl chloride)/Graphene Nanocomposite Green Modifier

In this work, a method to increase the dispersion of graphene (GN) in the matrix of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) by using a natural plant extract from Curcuma longa L. (CE) is proposed. Currently, despite the increasing number of reports on the improvement of GN dispersion in PVC blends, still there is a need to find environmentally friendly and economical dispersion stabilizers. We proposed a stabilizer that can be easily obtained from a plant offering thermal stability and high effectiveness. PVC/GN nanocomposites stabilized with the proposed extract were investigated by SEM, AFM (structure), TGA, and Congo red test (thermal properties). Additionally, static and dynamic mechanical properties and electrical resistivity were measured. The use of CE as a graphene dispersant improved its dispersion in the PVC matrix, influenced tensile properties, increased the storage modulus and glass transition temperature, and extended the thermal stability time of nanocomposites. In this work, a CE extract is proposed as an efficient eco-friendly additive for the production of nanocomposites with an improved homogeneity of a nanofiller in the matrix and promising characteristics.     

Structure and properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/graphene nanocomposites

The goal of the paper was to investigate the influence of graphene (GN) on properties and structure of suspensive poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). PVC/GN nanocomposites were obtained by the solvent evaporation method, and their structures were evaluated using optical microscopy, SEM, FT-IR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy methods. Thermal properties of the obtained materials were studied by TGA. Electrical properties and swelling behaviour were also determined.The microscopic observations confirm a uniform distribution of graphene in the PVC matrix. The investigations carried out indicated an effect of graphene on a decrease in resistivity to a value which enabled to include the PVC/GN nanocomposites into anti-static materials group. On the basis of swelling studies, it has been found that the PVC/GN nanocomposites have a higher chemical resistance against acetone while compared to pure poly(vinyl chloride). The properties of the obtained materials depend significantly on content and dispersion level of graphene in the PVC matrix. An impact of GN on the acceleration of the PVC degradation process was found.     

氧化铅/石墨烯/活性炭的制备及电化学行为（英文）

将商业活性炭和石墨烯在饱和硝酸铅溶液中超声浸渍,并通过化学沉积结合高温煅烧制备了氧化铅/石墨烯/活性炭(PbO/GN/AC)复合材料. 采用XRD、SEM、EDS等手段对复合物进行了物相及微观结构表征. 测试结果发现,PbO（约200 nm）颗粒均匀的分散在活性炭和石墨烯的表面. 复合物表现出优异的电化学性能,具有较高的析氢过电位;比电容高达312.6 F·g^-1;等效串联内阻仅为1.56 Ω. 6000次循环之后,复合物电极的电容保持率仍达到92.6%. 将5wt%的Pb(PbO)/活性炭材料加入到铅酸电池负极铅膏中制备相应铅炭超级电池,循环次数达到18051次,是普通铅酸蓄电池的3.5倍.     

Needle-free electrospinning of nanofibrillated cellulose and graphene nanoplatelets based sustainable poly (butylene succinate) nanofibers

Sustainable materials have slowly overtaken the nanofiber research field while the tailoring of their properties and the upscaling for industrial production are some of the major challenges. We report preparation of nanofibers that are bio-based and biodegradable prepared from poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) with the incorporation of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and graphene nanoplatelets (GN). NFC and GN were combined as hybrid filler, which led to the improved morphological structure for electrospun nanofibers. A needleless approach was used for solution electrospinning fabrication of nanofiber mesh structures to promote application scalability. The polymer crystallization process was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the thermal stability was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while the extensive investigation of the nanofibers structure was carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). NFC and GN loadings were 0.5 and 1.0 wt %; while poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) was employed as a compatibilizer to enhance fillers’ interaction within the polymer matrix. The interactions in the interface of the fillers and matrix components were studied by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The hybrid filler approach proved to be most suitable for consistent and high-quality nanofiber production. The obtained dense mesh-based structures could have foreseeable potential application in biomedical field like scaffolds for the tissue and bone recovery, while other applications could focus on filtration technologies and smart sensors.     

纳米银/石墨烯修饰电极测定青蒿素

本文建立一种新型的青蒿素传感器。首先,在玻碳电极上滴涂氧化石墨,通过电化学方法将氧化石墨还原为石墨烯,然后,在石墨烯上沉积纳米银得到石墨烯/纳米银修饰电极,它作为检测青蒿素的电化学传感器。用此电极对青蒿素进行测定,并通过循环伏安法、差分脉冲伏安法、交流阻抗法等研究其电化学行为。该修饰电极在测定青蒿素溶液时,表现出较正的还原电位和较大的峰电流等优势;对其实验条件如电解质溶液的p H、应用电势等进行了探查,该电化学传感器在青蒿素溶液浓度范围为1.0×10-8~3.0×10-5mol/L时与其还原峰电流呈现良好的线性关系,最低检出限为1.2×10-9mol/L(S/N=3)。此外,对该传感器的稳定性和重现性等也进行了研究,获得令人满意的结果。     

Functionalization of Hydrogenated Graphene: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Allylic C−H Bonds

The chemical functionalization of hydrogenated graphene can modify its physical properties and lead to better processability. Herein, we describe the chemical functionalization of hydrogenated graphene through a dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reaction between an allylic C?H bond and the α‐C?H bond of tetrahydrothiophen‐3‐one using Cu(OTf)₂ as the catalyst and DDQ as the oxidant. The chemical functionalization was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The functionalized hydrogenated graphene material demonstrated improved dispersion stability in water, bringing new quality to the elusive hydrogenated graphene (graphane) materials. Hydrogenated graphene provides broad possibilities for chemical modifications owing to its reactivity.     

自支撑石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米纤维薄膜的制备及其电化学电容行为

用真空抽滤氧化石墨（GO）与聚苯胺（PANI）纳米纤维的混合分散溶液,流动组装得到自支撑GO/PANI复合薄膜,再利用气态水合肼还原其中的GO,最后重新氧化和掺杂还原态PANI,制备了自支撑石墨烯（GN）/PANI薄膜.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示,GN/PANI薄膜为层状结构,且PANI纳米纤维均匀插层于GN片间.PANI纳米纤维在复合薄膜中的存在有效增大了GN之间的层间距,有利于电解液离也GN充分接触.GN的高电导性则有利于PANI氧化还原过程中的电荷传输.电化学测试表明,GN/PANI薄膜在1 mol·L^-1HCl电解液中具有良好的电化学电容性能,在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下的比容量为495 F·g^-1,在3A·g^-1时为313 F·g^-1.经过2000次连续充放电,其具有90%的电容保持率,表明该复合材料具有良好的电化学稳定性.     

Germanium Quantum Dots Embedded in N‐Doping Graphene Matrix with Sponge‐Like Architecture for Enhanced Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Germanium quantum dots embedded in a nitrogen‐doped graphene matrix with a sponge‐like architecture (Ge/GN sponge) are prepared through a simple and scalable synthetic method, involving freeze drying to obtain the Ge(OH)₄/graphene oxide (GO) precursor and subsequent heat reduction treatment. Upon application as an anode for the lithium‐ion battery (LIB), the Ge/GN sponge exhibits a high discharge capacity compared with previously reported N‐doped graphene. The electrode with the as‐synthesized Ge/GN sponge can deliver a capacity of 1258 mAh g^?1 even after 50 charge/discharge cycles. This improved electrochemical performance can be attributed to the pore memory effect and highly conductive N‐doping GN matrix from the unique sponge‐like structure.     

离子液体/石墨烯复合光固化涂层的制备及性能研究

石墨烯在聚合物基体中分散不良是制约其应用的一个重要原因，尤其在石墨烯含量较高时，团聚不可避免。本文通过季铵化、亲核取代和阴离子置换反应，合成了双官光聚合离子液体单体。将其与石墨烯混合分散后，再和光固化环氧丙烯酸树脂6215-100复配，制备不同比例的复合涂层配方，并采用UV固化的方式在玻璃基材上成膜。利用衰减傅里叶全反射红外（ATR-FTIR）和核磁氢谱（¹HNMR）对可聚合离子液体单体进行结构表征，而复合配方的光聚合动力学、涂层的热性能和石墨烯的分散情况则通过实时红外（RTIR）、热重分析（TGA）和显微镜等手段进行表征。结果表明，光聚合离子液体对于石墨烯的分散具有良好的促进作用，涂层在1%和3%石墨烯含量的情况下表现出良好的热性能。     

Dynamic mechanical behavior of the dioctyl phthalate plasticized polyvinyl chloride-epoxidized soya bean oil

The mixing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) shows two stages of gelation and fusion, but the homogeneity of each stage is influenced by the thermal stability of PVC and its rheological behavior. A torque rheometer has been used to gather almost all critical data related to the plasticized PVC in the epoxidized soya bean oil (ESBO). This study shows that, rheological data reflects the effects of DOP and epoxidization levels of SBO, in a DOP plasticized PVC-ESBO. The DOP plasticizer forms a thermodynamically miscible solution with ESBO; that reduces the rate of fusion and torque at balance of PVC. The storage modulus and tanδ of the plasticized PVC-ESBO have been used to show the extent of the homogeneity; but the dynamic mechanical behavior of PVC-ESBO is strongly influenced by DOP and the epoxidization level of SBO. The glass transition temperatures and dynamic properties of DOP plasticized PVC-ESBO are also reported and discussed in terms of the thermal stability and homogeneity of PVC.     

聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯复合修饰电极对尿酸的选择性灵敏测定

采用电聚合方法在石墨烯纳米片(GN)的表面聚合一层聚对氨基苯磺酸(PABSA),制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯复合修饰玻碳电极(PABSA/GN/GCE)。研究了尿酸(UA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。与聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极(PABSA/GCE)及石墨烯单层膜修饰电极(GN/GCE)相比,复合修饰电极PABSA/GN/GCE显著提高了对UA和AA的检测灵敏度和分离度。在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7.0)中,UA和AA的峰电位差达344 mV,表明PABSA/GN/GCE能实现对UA的选择性测定。UA的峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围为1.0×10-7～8.0×10-4mol/L,检出限为4.5×10-8mol/L。该复合修饰电极用于尿样中尿酸的测定,结果满意。     

Noncovalent wrapping of chemically modified graphene with π-conjugated disk-like molecules

A facile and scalable preparation of dispersion of isolated graphene in various organic solvents has been developed by combining between covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of the graphene surface. Covalently functionalized graphene (FRG) was prepared by the reaction of partially reduced graphene oxide with aryl diazonium salts, followed by the graphene oxide being completely reduced with hydrazine. The resulting FRG disperse readily in organic solvents such as N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and the functionalization of graphene was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric thermogram, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The hydrophobic surface of FRG was noncovalently wrapped with aromatic hexakis-dodecylhexa-peri-benzocorone (HBC) by simply mixing of dispersion of FRG in DMF with toluene solution of HBC. The complexation of FRG and HBC was monitored by viewing the absorption and fluorescence spectral changes. Atomic force microscopic images confirmed that graphene was covalently and noncovalently functionalized, while keeping a two-dimensional sheet shape.     

石墨烯基材料在毛细管电泳中的应用进展

石墨烯基材料(石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯和石墨烯量子点)是一种新型的单层片状结构碳纳米材料,具有巨大的比表面积、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性、较强的π-π电子共轭作用、疏水作用及氢键作用等,在分离科学领域展现了非常理想的应用前景。该文主要综述了石墨烯基材料近年来在毛细管电泳(CE)中的研究进展,包括作为背景电解质的添加剂、毛细管电色谱柱的固定相、CE-电化学检测电极的修饰材料和CE样品前处理的新型吸附剂材料等,并对其在CE领域未来的发展和应用进行了展望。     

Microstructure and anti‐ wear and corrosion performances of novel UHMWPE/graphene‐nanosheet composite coatings deposited by flame spraying

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/graphene‐nanosheet (GN, multiple layers of graphene sheets with the thickness of ~5–10 nm) coatings have been deposited by flame spraying. The structure of UHMWPE remained almost intact after the spray processing and addition of GNs resulted in a slightly decreased crystallinity and improved thermal stability of UHMWPE. In addition, the coating containing 1.0 wt.% GNs exhibited a reduction of ~20% in wear rate and 25% in friction coefficient (0.18 versus 0.24). Significantly enhanced anti‐corrosion performances of the UHMWPE–GN coatings were suggested by increased corrosion potential, corrosion current density, and impedance modulus value of the UHMWPE–GN coatings. The very well retained GNs are located mainly at the interfaces between UHMWPE splats and act as bridges connecting the splats, which mainly accounts for the enhanced properties of the composite coatings. The novel UHMWPE–graphene composite coatings show great potential for protecting engineering components for applications against corrosion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石墨烯的制备及石墨烯修饰电极对p-苯二酚的催化氧化

采用氨水还原氧化石墨烯(GO)制备石墨烯(GN), 并考察石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(GN/GCE)电催化氧化p-苯二酚(HQ)的性能. 利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、比表面分析(BET)和电分析化学测试等技术对GN结构、表面形貌和电化学行为进行了表征. 采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲溶出伏安法(DPV)研究GN/GCE对HQ的电催化氧化性能. 结果表明, 与裸玻碳电极(GCE)相比, [Fe(CN)₆]^3-/4-在GN/GCE上电荷转移电阻为75.0 Ω·cm², 减小约9倍, 说明GN具有良好导电性; 同时HQ在GN/GCE上氧化峰电位负移, 还原峰电位正移, 峰电位差ΔE_p减小165 mV, 且氧化还原峰电流(I_pa和I_pc)均增大, HQ电化学氧化可逆性明显改善, 表明GN/GCE对HQ氧化具有显著电催化作用.     

Effect of new melamine-terephthaldehyde resin modified graphene oxide on thermal and mechanical properties of PVC

In this study a new melamine-terephthaldehyde resin modified graphene oxide was synthesized and used as a reinforcement of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Characterization, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were examined by means of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter and tensile properties. The first hydrochloric acid releasing data of poly(vinyl chloride) was removed by incorporation of the modified graphene oxide as compare to the neat polymer. The temperatures at 2 wt% losses, main decomposition temperatures, maximum decomposition temperatures, also shift to higher temperature in the corresponding nanocomposites as compared to the neat PVC. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the nanocomposite films was increased as compared to the neat PVC. The interesting results in crystallinity of PVC were observed with adding 5 wt% of the modified graphene oxide.     

PMo12-functionalized Graphene nanosheet-supported PtRu nanocatalysts for methanol electro-oxidation

Graphene nanosheets, synthesized by a modified Hummers method, have been functionalized by PMo₁₂, and used as the supports of the PtRu nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic properties of the resultant nanocatalysts (PtRu/PMo₁₂-Graphene) for methanol electro-oxidation have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The micrograph and the elemental composition have also been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results suggest that the addition of PMo₁₂ benefits the high dispersion of graphene nanosheets in the water and the uniform dispersion of the PtRu nanoparticles on the graphene nanosheets, and the PtRu/PMo₁₂-Graphene catalysts have higher electrocatalytic activity and better electrochemical stability for methanol oxidation compared to the PtRu/Graphene catalysts.     

Dehydrochlorination of Poly(viny1 Chloride) in Pyridine. III. Thermal and Mechanical Properties

The thermal properties of dehydrochlorinated PVC (DHPVC) were evaluated. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), a larger decrease in thermal stability of dehydrochlorinated PVC than of PVC was observed. Thermal stability of DHPVC increased continuously with an increase in dehydrochlorination temperature and dilution of the reaction solution during dehydrochlorination. However, with an increase in dehydrochlorination time, an increase in thermal stability after an initial drop was obtained. The highly cross-linked product separated from the reaction solution at higher dehydrochlorination temperatures showed a lower thermal stability than that of corresponding soluble DHPVC. The stress-strain behavior of dehydrochlorinated PVC samples was also studied.     

De-sulfation of cellulose nanowhiskers and its effects on the dispersion behavior of graphene

The role of negative charges on cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) in the aqueous dispersion behaviors of graphene has been investigated. The sulfate groups were partially removed from the CNWs with sodium hydroxide solution. Both CNWs and desulfated cellulose nanowhiskers (D-CNWs) were applied in the aqueous dispersion process of graphene. The dispersing result was evaluated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. It revealed the dispersing ability of D-CNWs became worse due to the removal of sulfate groups. It demonstrated the negative charged sulfate groups on CNWs played an important role in the graphene dispersing process.     

普鲁士蓝@石墨烯-壳聚糖纳米复合物用于构建microRNA电化学传感器的研究

制备了基于普鲁士蓝(PB)、石墨烯(GN)、壳聚糖(Chi)的纳米复合物(PB@GN-Chi),并将其修饰在玻碳电极表面制得microRNA电化学传感器。实验发现,GN可有效提高敏感膜的导电性能和比表面积,增强PB在电极表面的稳定性和传感器的重现性。通过戊二醛的交联作用,将氨基化的捕获探针(ssDNA)固载在PB@GN-Chi修饰的电极表面,并用于miR-21的检测。以透射电子显微镜对纳米复合物的形态进行表征,采用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法对传感器的电化学特性进行研究。实验结果表明,该传感器具有良好的稳定性和重现性,在2.8~2.8×10~4pmol/L浓度范围内,响应电流与miR-21浓度的对数呈线性关系,检出限为0.87 pmol/L,可用于miR-21的检测。