稀土化合物化学键的共价性与4f轨道在其成键中的作用

稀土化学键的共价性和４ｆ 轨道在成键中的作用是化学界长期争论的问题之一。近年来的理论和实验研究结果表明,４ｆ 轨道参与了稀土化合物化学键的形成,稀土化学键具有相当大程度的共价性。４ｆ 轨道的参与比例和稀土化学键共价性成分的定量确定还需做大量的工作。     

共价和极化对151Eu穆斯堡尔谱的影响

利用化学键的介电理论研究了＾１５１Ｅｕ穆斯堡尔同质异能位移,发现由共价性ｆ＾μｃ和极化率α＾μＬ定义的化学环境因子ｈ与穆斯堡尔谱同质有位移δ存在线性关系：δ＝δｏ＋ｂ．ｈ（ｈ＝∑／μα＾μ．ｆ＾μｃ）＾１／２。决定＾１５１Ｅｕ穆斯堡尔谱同质异能位移的主要因素是化学键的共价性和配位离子的极化率,所定义的化学环境因子能够很好地表征同质异能位移的变化,并给出了计算Ｅｕ＾３＋化合物同质异能位移的方法。     

Nd^3＋离子的晶场劈裂与基质晶体的化学键

利用研究复杂晶体化学键的理论方法，计算了一组ＡＢＯ４型基质晶体的结构参数和化学键参数，发现Ｎｄ＾３＋离子的总晶场劈裂能△Ｅ与晶体的平均共价性有线性关系。     

La2—xSrxCuO4和La2—xNdxCuO4＋y的键共价性计算

使用复杂晶体化学键理论计算了Ｌａ２－ｘＳｒｘＣｕＯ４和Ｌａ２－ｘＮｄｘＣｕＯ４＋ｙ中各键的健共价性,讨论了键性随着掺杂的变化规律,研究表明,对于２１４结构,没有发现明显的化学键性与超导温度的关系,因此２１４结构中有关超导现象产生的机理还有待于进一步研究。     

稀土卤化物的电子结构和化学键

用半经验自洽场分子轨道法(INDO)研究了LnF_3和LnCl_3(Ln=Ce、Nd、Sm、Gd、Tb、Yb)分子的电子结构,指出这些化合物的化学键有相当程度的共价性,其主要贡献来自5d轨道,6s、6p次之,4f、5s、5p几乎不参与成键。     

三茚基钐(Sm(C9H7)3)的电子结构和化学键

采用INDO方法研究了三茚基钐的电子结构和化学键。结果表明,钐原子的6s、6p和5d轨道与配位体轨道有不同程度的混合;HOMO和LUMO是由钐原子的5d轨道和配位体原子轨道构成的π型分子轨道;4f轨道是高度定域的,参与成键不超过2%。三茚基钐的化学键具有相当程度的共价性,茚基中碳原子上的净电荷分布不均匀。讨论了三茚基钐的四氢呋喃加合物中的Sm-C键。     

硝酸稀土蛋氨酸固态配合物的热化学性质

用转动弹热量计测定了组成耿ＲＥ（Ｍｅｔ）４（ＮＯ３）３．６Ｈ２Ｏ（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ－Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ－Ｌｕ）的固态配合的的燃烧能，求得了和配合物的标准燃烧焓与标准生成焓。发一标准生成焓随镧系原子序数的变化呈“四分组”规律。说明稀土了与蛋氨酸间的化学键有一定程度的共价性。     

稀土氨基酸配合物的电子结构与化学键性质

本文用INDO方法研究了稀土甘氨酸配合物([Er(H_2O)_4(NH_3CH_2COO)_2]_2~(6+))的电子结构和化学键性质。配合物的HOMO由甘氨酸羧基氧O_2p轨道组成,LUMO由羧基的π*(C-O)轨道组成。在配位过程中随L→Ln电荷转移,四个桥联甘氨酸和八个配位水分子分别转移2.59和1.86个电子到铒离子上,与配合物中铒离子带0.77个正电荷结果吻合。转移至5d轨道的电荷最多。配合物具有一定的共价性。对配键有主要贡献的是5d轨道。     

硝酸镨苯并-12-冠-4配合物的电子结构研究

用INDO方法计算了硼酸镨苯并-12-冠-4配合物的电子结构、键级以及配位前后净电荷的分布。结果表明,配位时有0.6e的负电荷从冠醚氧迁移到镨上,形成的化学键具有相当程度的共价性。镨的5d轨道对共价性有主要贡献,4f电子则基本上是定域的。冠醚环上存在苯环使配合物的前线轨道具有π键性质。     

弱共价相互作用——不可忽略的分子间作用力

现有的化学教科书中将物质间的作用力分为化学键和分子间作用力。分子间作用力被描述为分子永久偶极和瞬间偶极引起的弱静电相互作用力。随着研究的深入,许多新的化学现象不能用现有的化学键和分子间作用力进行解释,而可以用原子轨道或分子轨道（用波函数描述）的弱重叠加以理解。文献中把这种既不同于普通化学键,又有别于教科书中所描述的分子间作用力的作用形式称为二级化学键,强调只在某些特别的物质中出现。本文通过对几种典型分子的结构和性质进行分析,认为二级化学键存在普遍性,可以看成是分子间的弱共价作用力,并认为这种弱共价作用是分子间作用力的重要组成部分。本文探讨了这种弱共价作用向化学键转化的可能性。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。