在远离光子晶体光纤零色散波长的正常色散区入射飞秒脉冲产生四波混频及孤子效应的实验研究

在远离光子晶体光纤零色散波长的正常色散区入射飞秒脉冲,实验产生了一对由四波混频引起的信号波带和闲频波带,及一对由脉冲内拉曼散射和非孤子辐射引起的孤子和色散波带,并观察到功率饱和现象.利用有限元法理论模拟了光纤的色散和非线性特性,用四波混频的相位匹配条件模拟了光纤在满足相位匹配条件下所产生的信号波带和闲频波带出现的可能位置,并与实验结果符合得很好.结果表明:即使在光子晶体光纤的正常色散区抽运激光脉冲亦可以产生四波混频和孤子效应;研究发现四波混频的产生是由四阶色散参量引起的;并进一步从理论上解释了孤子及色散波的产生原因.     

Multi-wavelength bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber laser based on four-wave mixing effect in photonic crystal fiber

A stable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is demonstrated in this paper. The phase matching condition for four-wave mixing in the photonic crystal fiber has been enhanced using a seed signal and a polarisation controller to control the states of polarisation in the ring laser cavity. At a maximum pump power of 1480 nm, 5 lines are observed with nearly 2.15 nm spacing between the lines, and with a signal to noise ratio of more than 20 dB. The number of channels and wavelength spacing can be controlled by varying the output coupler ratio.     

Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber

Modulation instability at high frequencies has been demonstrated in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber. This fiber-optic parametric generator provides efficient conversion of red pump light into blue and near-infrared light.     

Cascaded four-wave mixing generation with pumping in the normal dispersion regime

we report on the generation of cascaded four-wave mixing （CFWM） in a photonic crystal fiber with a high peak power picosecond pulse pumping in the normal dispersion region and a weak continuous wave seeded. We also experimentally investigate the dependence of CFWM bandwidth on the seeding wavelengths. Experimental results demonstrate the existence of optimum seeding wavelengths for broadband CFWM even though the pulse wavelength is 50 nm shorter than the zero dispersion wavelength. And CFWM products spanning more than 300 nm are experimentally obtained.     

Broadband wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber

We demonstrate a 10 Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a 20 m highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The tunable wavelength conversion bandwidth (3 dB) is about 100 nm. The conversion efficiency is -16 dB when the pump power is 22.5 dBm. Phase modulation was not used to suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering; thus the linewidth of the converted wavelength remained very narrow. The eye diagrams show that there is no additional noise during wavelength conversion. The measured power penalty at a 10(-9) bit-error-rate level is about 0.7 dB.     

Tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser based on an opto-VLSI processor and four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber

A stable wavelength and wavelength spacing tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser based on an Opto-very-large-scale-integration (Opto-VLSI) processor and four-wave mixing (FWM) in a high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the line width of the tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser is 0.02 nm, and the wavelength spacing can be tuned from 0.8 nm to 4 nm with a 0.15 nm step. Under the influence of the FWM, the uniformity is below 0.6 dB and the measured side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is above 45 dB.     

Generation of femtosecond anti-stokes pulses through phase-matched parametric four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber

Phase-matched parametric four-wave mixing in higher-order guided modes of a photonic crystal fiber is shown to result in an efficient decay of 40-fs 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser pump pulses into an anti-Stokes signal with a central wavelength around 590-600 nm and a Stokes signal centered at 1.25 microm. The photonic crystal fiber is designed in such a way as to minimize the group-velocity dispersion at the pump wavelength, phase match the parametric four-wave-mixing process, and reduce the group delay between the pump and the anti-Stokes pulses. The duration of the anti-Stokes pulse under these conditions, as shown by cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating measurements, is less than 200 fs.     

Cascaded four-wave mixing generation in photonic crystal fibers

We investigate the efficient generation of broadband cascaded four-wave mixing products seeded at different wavelengths in photonic crystal fibers, with a high-peak power picosecond pulse pumping in the anomalous dispersion region as well as the normal dispersion regime. Multiple four-wave mixing products with different frequency intervals have been experimentally achieved when pumping in the anomalous dispersion region. Measured results present bandwidths of over 500 nm. We have also experimentally demonstrated that only seeding at the Stokes or anti-Stokes peaks can we get the efficient generation of cascaded four-wave mixing or cascaded stimulated Raman scattering when pumping in the normal dispersion regime.     

Polarization insensitive wavelength multicasting of DPSK signal using four-wave mixing in a birefringent photonic crystal fiber

We demonstrate polarization-insensitive wavelength multicasting of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signal based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear, birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The 10-Gbit/s RZ-DPSK input signal is copied to 8 wavelength channels through FWM with three optical pumps. The pump wavelengths are unequally spaced to avoid undesirable crosstalk from pump-to-pump beatings. The dependence of conversion efficiency on input signal polarization is suppressed by exploiting the PCF birefringence together with control of the pump polarizations. All pump polarizations are aligned at 45 degrees to the principal axes of the PCF. Open eyes and error-free results are obtained in all the 8 multicast channels for polarization-scrambled RZ-DPSK input signal.     

基于全正色散光子晶体光纤的超连续谱光源

利用预估校正分步傅里叶法数值求解非线性薛定谔方程, 模拟超短激光脉冲在全正色散光子晶体光纤中传输时的演化情况, 分析了不同脉宽和能量的脉冲对产生的超连续谱的影响. 结果表明: 无啁啾高斯脉冲在此全正色散光子晶体光纤中传输时, 始终保持单个脉冲特性, 提高脉冲峰值功率可进一步展宽获得的超连续谱.模拟结果同时表明, 利用中心波长为1060 nm, 脉宽和能量分别为50 fs, 15 nJ的脉冲抽运此光纤, 当传输12 cm 后便可获得具有较好的光谱连续性和光谱平坦度的超连续谱. 进一步模拟结果表明, 采用棱镜对对其进行脉冲压缩, 可获得脉宽约15 fs, 谱宽约700 nm的理想超连续谱光源. 关键词： 超连续谱 光子晶体光纤 全正色散     

Polarisation-sensitive four-wave mixing and soliton self-frequency shift effect in the highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre

By adjusting the polarisation state of the pump at 805 nm parallel to slow (x) and fast (y) axes of the highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre with zero dispersion wavelengths 790 nm and 750 nm, this paper demonstrates the efficient polarisation-sensitive four wave mixing involved in pump, anti-Stokes and Stokes signals and soliton self-frequency shift effects induced by the phase-matching between red-shifted solitons and blue-shifted dispersive waves. If the reduction of coupling efficiency to the circular pump laser mode or other circular fibres due to asymmetry of the core is neglected, more than 98% of the total input power is kept in a single linear polarisation. Controlled dispersion characteristic of the doublet of fundamental guided-modes results in achieving light field strongly confined in principal axes of photonic crystal fibre, and enhancing the corresponding nonlinear-optical process through the remarkable nonlinear birefringence.     

基于光子晶体光纤中四波混频效应的单到双非归零到归零码型转换

归零(RZ)码与非归零(NRZ)码是波分复用和时分复用系统中广泛采用的两种码型, 全光NRZ到RZ码型转换能完成从波分复用到时分复用的网络接口功能, 是未来透明光子网络中一项重要的全光信号处理技术. 提出并实验证实了一种基于色散平坦高非线性光子晶体光纤中四波混频效应的单到双NRZ到RZ码型转换方法, 将一束信号光与同步时钟脉冲同时输入色散平坦高非线性光子晶体光纤中, 通过四波混频过程, 产生两个携带该数据信息的闲频光, 从而实现了单到双的NRZ到RZ码型转换功能, 码型转换器工作波长在193 nm范围可调谐, 最大转换效率为-21 dB, 最优消光比和品质因子分别为11.9 dB和7.2. 该方法的特点在于基于光纤中的四波混频效应工作, 因而具有对调制格式和比特率透明的优点, 同时, 光子晶体光纤特有的高非线与色散平坦性, 既避免了使用传统光纤需要较长的长度, 又避免了波长设置不灵活的弊端, 并具备可进一步增加带宽的能力, 且在码型转换的同时, 实现了波长转换, 完成了双通道波长组播功能. 整个系统为全光纤设计, 结构简单, 性能可靠, 并易于与现有的光纤通信系统相容, 对促进超高速大容量光子网络的发展具有重要意义. 关键词： 码型转换 四波混频 光子晶体光纤     

高功率光子晶体光纤激光器实验研究

利用F-P谐振腔实验研究了高功率掺Yb3+光子晶体光纤激光器。使用915 nm和976 nm两种波长的泵浦源进行双端泵浦,在23 m长的双包层光子晶体光纤中获得了552 W的连续单模激光输出。该激光器的斜率效率约为76%,光-光转换效率为56%,光谱中心波长为1 078 nm,光束质量平方因子为1.2。     

All-optical continuously tunable delay with a high linear-chirp-rate fiber Bragg grating based on four-wave mixing in a highly-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber

A scheme for hi-fi all-optical continuously tunable delay is proposed. The signal wavelength is converted to a desired idler wavelength and converted back after being delayed by a high linear-chirp-rate (HLCR) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (HN-PCF). In our experiment, 400 ps (more than 8 full width of half maximum, FWHM) tunable delay is achieved for a 10 GHz clock pulse with relative pulse width broaden ratio (RPWBR) of 2.08%. The power penalty is only 0.3 dB at 10⁻⁹ BER for a 10 Gb/s 2³¹−1 pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) data.     

基于光子晶体光纤中双抽运四波混频效应的非归零到归零码型转换实验研究

提出并实验证实了利用色散平坦高非线性光子晶体光纤中双抽运四波混频效应实现非归零 (NRZ)到归零(RZ)码型转换的新方案, 将一束NRZ信号光与两束同步时钟脉冲光同时注入光子晶体光纤, 通过双抽运四波混频效应产生两个闲频光, 经过光学滤波后即可完成单到双全光NRZ-RZ码型转换. 与基于常规单抽运四波混频效应的码型转换方式相比, 本设计方案由于采用了双抽运四波混频效应, 因此具有双路组播信号波长可彼此独立选取的优点. 分析了码型转换器的波长调谐性及对输入光功率波动的容忍性, 得到转换信号的最优消光比和Q 因子分别为15 dB和5.4. 研究结果表明, 本方案既具有对比特率和调制格式透明的优点, 又避免了使用单抽运四波混频效应进行码型转换时两路组播信号波长相互制约的弊端, 且实现了全光波长转换和波长组播功能. 关键词： 码型转换 四波混频 双抽运 光子晶体光纤     

Photorefractive four-wave mixing in a high-contrast regime

The effect of high contrast in photorefractive four-wave mixing is studied using a recently proposed empirical formula for the grating amplitude. An analytical solution to the coupled-wave equation is obtained and its properties are discussed in the case of a double-phase-conjugate mirror and semilinear phase-conjugate mirror.     

Experimental investigation of the effect of collisions and temperature on degenerate four-wave mixing

An experimental investigation (including a comparison with a simple theoretical model) of the effect of buffer-gas composition, pressure and temperature on resonant Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) has been performed. The DFWM signal from NO in a quartz cell was measured and the effect of quenching as well as elastic (phase-changing) collisions was studied by varying the total and partial pressures of N₂ and CO₂ as buffer gases. It was found that the DFWM signal first slowly increased with buffer-gas pressure (up to 10 mbar) and then rapidly decreased. It was furthermore found that the DFWM signal was considerably less sensitive to quenching collisions as compared to Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) (for laser intensities approximately equal to half the DFWM saturation intensity of the transition). On the other hand, while LIF is virtually insensitive to elastic collisions, DFWM displays a larger sensitivity to elastic collisions than to quenching collisions. The DFWM saturation intensity was found to increase with buffer-gas pressure (although slower than expected). When varying the temperature of the gas composition, it was found that the DFWM signal decreased markedly with increasing temperature. This decrease is too fast to be explained solely by a change in the population of the molecular state probed by the laser.     

Highly efficient wavelength-tunable anti-Stokes signal conversion by phase-matched four-wave mixing in the second-order mode of photonic crystal fiber

Using the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with zero dispersion wavelengths of the fundamental mode and the second-order mode at 985 nm and 885 nm designed and fabricated in our lab, the anti-Stokes signals from 586.5 to 558 nm are efficiently generated in the second-order mode. When the pump working wavelength λ ₀ increases from 830 to 880 nm and the input average power P _in reduces from 43 to 25 mW, the output power of anti-Stokes signal increases 1.76 times, the power ratio of anti-Stokes signal at 558 nm to the residual pump component at 880 nm is estimated as 5:1, and the maximal conversion efficiency P _as/P _p0 can be up to 36%. The possible reasons for the difference from theoretical results are discussed. The combined effects of the interval between the pump working wavelength and zero dispersion wavelength and the input power on the signal conversion process are analyzed.     

新型矩形点阵光子晶体光纤的高双折射负色散效应

设计了一种新型矩形点阵光子晶体光纤,该光纤纤芯缺失一根空气柱,包层沿光纤长度方向在普通矩形点阵光子晶体光纤中每两列之间隔一行插入一列空气孔而形成正方形网孔结构.采用全矢量有限元法并结合各向异性完美匹配边界条件,对该光纤的色散、双折射和约束损耗进行了数值模拟.结果发现,该光纤具有高双折射负色散效应和较强的模约束能力,约束损耗小于10-2dB·m-1,通过改变光纤结构参数(即空气孔间隔Λ和相对孔间隔d/Λ),可以调节该光纤高双折射负色散工作波长.若调整光纤结构参数Λ=2.0μm,d/Λ=0.4,该光纤在C波段(1.53—1.565μm)呈现负色散并具有负色散斜率,双折射高达10-2,非线性系数接近55km-1W-1.该光纤将在保偏光通信、色散补偿以及基于四波混频的波长转换器设计等方面具有重要的应用.