Wideband fast multipole boundary element method: Application to acoustic scattering from aerodynamic bodies

A wideband adaptive multi‐level fast multipole method (MLFMM) is used to accelerate the matrix–vector products arising from a boundary element method (BEM) formulation which solves the Burton–Miller boundary integral equation (BIE). The wideband MLFMM presented here applies a plane wave expansion formulation with fast interpolation and filtering for calculations in the high‐frequency regime and a partial wave expansion formulation with rotation‐coaxial translation in the low‐frequency regime. The iterative solvers GMRES, Bi‐CGSTAB and CGS are tested and compared and a block diagonal preconditioner is used to improve the condition number of the BEM matrices and to accelerate the convergence of the iterative solvers. Details on the implementation of the formulations are described, including the treatment of singular integrals. Results for acoustic scattering from a wing plus engine nacelle configuration for a prescribed source in a subsonic uniform flow are presented for a broad range of frequencies in order to assess the implemented capability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弹性动力学高阶核无关快速多极边界元法

基于核无关的快速多极方法, 发展了一种弹性动力学问题的快速、高精度边界元分析方法. 采用基于二次曲面单元的Nystr?m 离散, 将边界积分方程转化为求和形式, 可以方便地进行加速计算;由于采用二次元, 边界元分析精度很高. 将一种新型快速多极方法用于Nystr?m 边界元法的加速计算, 该方法的数值实现简便、不依赖于积分方程基本解的表达式, 因此通用性很好;该方法还具有最优的计算量和存储量、精度高且可以控制. 结合Nystr?m 边界元系数矩阵和快速多极方法转换矩阵的特点, 提出一种大幅度降低边界元内存消耗的策略. 数值结果表明, 该方法无论在分析精度, 还是计算速度和内存消耗上, 都大大优于同类方法, 是一种快速、通用的工程弹性动力学问题大规模数值分析方法.      

A HIGH ORDER KERNEL INDEPENDENT FAST MULTIPOLE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR ELASTODYNAMICS

基于核无关的快速多极方法, 发展了一种弹性动力学问题的快速、高精度边界元分析方法. 采用基于二次曲面单元的Nyström 离散, 将边界积分方程转化为求和形式, 可以方便地进行加速计算;由于采用二次元, 边界元分析精度很高. 将一种新型快速多极方法用于Nyström 边界元法的加速计算, 该方法的数值实现简便、不依赖于积分方程基本解的表达式, 因此通用性很好;该方法还具有最优的计算量和存储量、精度高且可以控制. 结合Nyström 边界元系数矩阵和快速多极方法转换矩阵的特点, 提出一种大幅度降低边界元内存消耗的策略. 数值结果表明, 该方法无论在分析精度, 还是计算速度和内存消耗上, 都大大优于同类方法, 是一种快速、通用的工程弹性动力学问题大规模数值分析方法.     

Recent advances on the fast multipole accelerated boundary element method for 3D time-harmonic elastodynamics

This article is mainly devoted to a review on fast BEMs for elastodynamics, with particular attention on time-harmonic fast multipole methods (FMMs). It also includes original results that complete a very recent study on the FMM for elastodynamic problems in semi-infinite media. The main concepts underlying fast elastodynamic BEMs and the kernel-dependent elastodynamic FM-BEM based on the diagonal-form kernel decomposition are reviewed. An elastodynamic FM-BEM based on the half-space Green’s tensor suitable for semi-infinite media, and in particular on the fast evaluation of the corresponding governing double-layer integral operator involved in the BIE formulation of wave scattering by underground cavities, is then presented. Results on numerical tests for the multipole evaluation of the half-space traction Green’s tensor and the FMM treatment of a sample 3D problem involving wave scattering by an underground cavity demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach. The article concludes with a discussion of several topics open to further investigation, with relevant published work surveyed in the process.     

A hybrid vortex method for the simulation of three‐dimensional flows

This paper presents an integral vorticity method for solving three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. A finite volume scheme is implemented to solve the vorticity transport equation, which is discretized on a structured hexahedral mesh. A vortex sheet algorithm is used to enforce the no‐slip boundary condition through a vorticity flux at the boundary. The Biot–Savart integral is evaluated to compute the velocity field, in conjunction with a fast algorithm based on multipole expansion. This method is applied to the simulation of uniform flow past a sphere. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural–acoustic sensitivity analysis of radiated sound power using a finite element/ discontinuous fast multipole boundary element scheme

The complete interaction between the structural domain and the acoustic domain needs to be considered in many engineering problems, especially for the acoustic analysis concerning thin structures immersed in water. This study employs the finite element method to model the structural parts and the fast multipole boundary element method to model the exterior acoustic domain. Discontinuous higher‐order boundary elements are developed for the acoustic domain to achieve higher accuracy in the coupling analysis. Structural–acoustic design sensitivity analysis can provide insights into the effects of design variables on radiated acoustic performance and thus is important to the structural–acoustic design and optimization processes. This study is the first to formulate equations for sound power sensitivity on structural surfaces based on an adjoint operator approach and equations for sound power sensitivity on arbitrary closed surfaces around the radiator based on the direct differentiation approach. The design variables include fluid density, structural density, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and structural shape/size. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the proposed algorithm. Different types of coupled continuous and discontinuous boundary elements with finite elements are used for the numerical solution, and the performances of the different types of finite element/continuous and discontinuous boundary element coupling are presented and compared in detail. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半空间饱和土中圆柱形衬砌内荷载引起的动力响应解答

地下衬砌结构经常会受到内部动荷载的作用,内荷载引起的衬砌结构的动应力集中备受关注。采用Laplace变换和波函数展开法,对半空间饱和土中均布突加荷载作用下圆柱形衬砌结构的动力响应进行了研究。对以大半径凸圆弧来近似半空间表面,将半空间饱和土中的波动方程展开成无穷级数的形式,应用Graff加法公式进行坐标变换,根据连续条件和边界条件,确定波函数展开式中的未知系数,求得了半空间饱和土中均布突加荷载作用下圆柱形衬砌的动力响应解答,讨论了衬砌埋深对圆柱形衬砌动力响应的影响。该问题的求解,为地下结构的动力分析提供了一种有效方法。     

Eigenproblems of two-dimensional acoustic cavities with smoothly varying boundaries by using the generalized multipole method

This paper presents a semi-analytical approach to solve the eigenproblem of a two-dimensional acoustic cavity with smoothly varying boundaries. The multipole expansion for the acoustic pressure is formulated in terms of Bessel and Hankel functions to satisfy the Helmholtz equation in the polar coordinate system. Rather than using the addition theorem, the multipole method and directional derivative are both combined to propose a generalized multipole method in which the acoustic pressure and its normal derivative with respect to non-local polar coordinates can be calculated. The boundary conditions are satisfied by uniformly collocating points on the boundaries. By truncating the multipole expansion, a finite linear algebraic system is acquired. The direct searching approach is applied to identify the natural frequencies using the singular value decomposition technique. Several numerical examples are presented, including those of an annulus cavity, a confocal elliptical annulus cavity and an arbitrarily shaped cavity with an inner elliptical boundary. The accuracy and numerical convergence of the proposed method are validated by comparison with results of the available analytical method and the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS. No spurious eigensolutions are found in the proposed formulation. Due to its semi-analytical character, excellent accuracy and fast rate of convergence are the main features of the proposed method.     

Energy identities in water wave theory for free-surface boundary condition with higher-order derivatives

A modified form of Green's integral theorem is employed to derive the energy identity in any water wave diffraction problem in a single-layer fluid for free-surface boundary condition with higher-order derivatives. For a two-layer fluid with free-surface boundary condition involving higher-order derivatives, two forms of energy identities involving transmission and reflection coefficients for any wave diffraction problem are also derived here by the same method. Based on this modified Green's theorem, hydrodynamic relations such as the energy-conservation principle and modified Haskind-Hanaoka relation are derived for radiation and diffraction problems in a single as well as two-layer fluid.     

敷设多孔吸声材料声腔特征值分析的径向积分边界元法

由于Helmholtz方程的基本解是频率的函数,因此传统边界元法在处理声场特征值问题时具有天生的缺陷。本文采用Laplace方程基本解生成积分方程,通过径向积分法将在此过程中产生的域积分项转化为边界积分。此方法克服了传统边界元法系数矩阵对频率的依赖,同时克服了特解积分法对特解的依赖,并通过对表面声导纳的多项式逼近,将敷设多孔吸声材料声腔特征值问题转化为矩阵多项式,从而避免了复杂的非线性求解。通过数值算例验证了算法的有效性。     

Regular wave integral approach to numerical simulation of radiation and diffraction of surface waves

A regular wave integral method is developed in the discretisation of a linear hydrodynamic problem on radiation and diffraction of surface waves by a floating or submerged body. The velocity potential of the problem is expressed as a solution of a body boundary integral equation involving the pulsating free surface Green function or pulsating free surface sources distributed on the body surface. With the use of a discretisation on the regular wave integral rather than discretisations on the singular wave integral of the Green function as in earlier investigations, the singular wave integral is approximated as an expansion of regular (or nonirregular) wave potentials. Influence coefficients between pulsating free surface source points are computed by the approximate expansion together with Hess–Smith panel integral formulas. Thus the velocity potential solution is evaluated by a boundary element algorithm. The numerical results produced from the proposed method agree well with semi-analytic solution results.     

PMN-PT层/弹性基底结构中声表面波特性分析

研究了PMN-PT 压电层/弹性(金刚石) 基底结构中表面波的传播特性,压电层表面是机械自由的,电学边界条件分为电学开路和电学短路,压电层与基底之间采用理想连接. 得到了满足控制方程和边界条件的电弹场以及弹性波在结构中传播时的频散方程,通过数值算例分析了压电材料PMN-PT 的极化方向对弹性波频散曲线和机电耦合系数的影响,以及不同极化方向时弹性位移和电势随结构深度方向的变化,结果可为PMN-PT 压电材料在高频声表面波器件中的应用提供有价值的理论参考.      

On the efficient representation of the half-space impedance Green’s function for the Helmholtz equation

A classical problem in acoustic (and electromagnetic) scattering concerns the evaluation of the Green’s function for the Helmholtz equation subject to impedance boundary conditions on a half-space. The two principal approaches used for representing this Green’s function are the Sommerfeld integral and the (closely related) method of complex images. The former is extremely efficient when the source is at some distance from the half-space boundary, but involves an unwieldy range of integration as the source gets closer and closer. Complex image-based methods, on the other hand, can be quite efficient when the source is close to the boundary, but they do not easily permit the use of the superposition principle since the selection of complex image locations depends on both the source and the target. We have developed a new, hybrid representation which uses a finite number of real images (dependent only on the source location) coupled with a rapidly converging Sommerfeld-like integral. While our method applies in both two and three dimensions, we restrict the detailed analysis and numerical experiments here to the two-dimensional case.     

Elastostatic computations on aggregates of grains with sharp interfaces,corners, and triple-junctions

We present a fast algorithm for the calculation of elastostatic fields in two-dimensional assemblies of elastic grains, separated by sharp grain boundaries. The algorithm uses an integral equation approach, combined with the fast multipole method and recursive compression to resolve stress concentrations also very close to grain boundary junctions. Singular basis functions on analytic form are not required. Accurate results can be obtained at a cost roughly proportional to the number of grains in the assembly. Large-scale problems, with thousands of grains, are solved using modest computational resources.     

二维正交各向异性位势问题的高阶单元快速多极边界元法

研制了一种适用于二维正交各向异性位势问题的高阶单元(线性单元和二次单元)快速多极边界元法.在快速多极边界元法中,源点对于远场区域的积分采用快速多极展开式计算,而对于近场区域的积分则直接进行计算.高阶单元的使用使得近场积分,尤其是奇异积分和几乎奇异积分的计算更加复杂.通过引入复数表达对其进行简化,若边界采用线性单元插值,...     

二维弹性新型快速多极虚边界元的最小二乘法

在虚边界元最小二乘法的方程求解中采用新型的快速多极展开和广义极小残值法,提出了一种二维弹性新型快速多极虚边界元最小二乘法的求解思想。基于二维弹性问题原有的快速多极虚边界元最小二乘法的展开格式,通过引入对角化的概念,以更新展开传递格式;相对于原有快速多极算法,该方法可进一步提高计算效率且仍能保证具有较高的计算精度。数值算例说明了该方法的可行性、计算效率、计算精度均较高。     

功能梯度材料动态断裂力学的径向积分边界元法

采用径向积分边界元法分析功能梯度材料动态断裂力学问题. 该方法使用与弹性模量无关的弹性静力学开尔文基本解作为问题的基本解,在导出的边界-域积分方程中含有由材料的非均质性和惯性项引起的域积分,通过径向积分法将域积分转化为等效的边界积分,得到只含边界积分的纯边界积分方程;从而建立只需边界离散的无内部网格边界元算法. 采用候博特方法求解关于时间二阶导数的系统离散的常微分方程组. 最后通过数值算例验证本文方法的精度和有效性.      

快速多极虚边界元法对含圆孔薄板有效弹性模量的模拟分析

针对虚边界元法,引入快速多极展开和广义极小残值法(GMRES)的思想,以形成快速多极虚边界元法的求解思想,并将此方法用于含圆孔薄板有效弹性模量的模拟分析.由于本文方法采用了"源点"多极展开和"场点"局部展开的组合处理方案,从而使得原问题方程组求解的计算耗时量和储存量降至与所求问题的计算自由度数成线性比例.本文工作的研究目的在于:提高虚边界元法在普通台式机上的运算能力和拓宽虚边界元法对大规模复杂问题的求解(或数值模拟).文中给出了均布圆孔的正方形薄板和之字形分布圆孔薄板二个算例,以验证该方法的可行性,计算精度和计算效率.     

FAST MULTIPOLE SINGULAR BOUNDARY METHOD FOR LARGE-SCALE PLANE ELASTICITY PROBLEMS

The singular boundary method(SBM) is a recent meshless boundary collocation method that remedies the perplexing drawback of fictitious boundary in the method of fundamental solutions(MFS). The basic idea is to use the origin intensity factor to eliminate singularity of the fundamental solution at source. The method has so far been applied successfully to the potential and elasticity problems. However, the SBM solution for large-scale problems has been hindered by the operation count of O(N~3) with direct solvers or O(N~2) with iterative solvers, as well as the memory requirement of O(N~2). In this study, the first attempt was made to combine the fast multipole method(FMM) and the SBM to significantly reduce CPU time and memory requirement by one degree of magnitude, namely, O(N). Based on the complex variable representation of fundamental solutions, the FMM-SBM formulations for both displacement and traction were presented. Numerical examples with up to hundreds of thousands of unknowns have successfully been tested on a desktop computer. These results clearly illustrated that the proposed FMM-SBM was very efficient and promising in solving large-scale plane elasticity problems.     

非均质问题中的无网格边界单元法

介绍了一种不需要内部网格计算非均匀介质问题的边界元算法.该算法是建立在一种能将任何区域积分转换成边界积分的径向积分转换法基础上,首先用对应各向同性问题的基本解来建立以正规化位移表示的非均质问题的积分方程,然后用径向积分转换法将出现在积分方程中的区域积分转换成边界积分,从而形成不需要使用内部网格来计算区域积分的纯边界元算法.与其它无网格法相比,此方法需要很少的内部点,有些问题甚至不需要内部点都能得到满意的结果,因此,可以计算大型的三维非均匀介质工程问题.由于此方法继承了边界元和无网格算法的优点,因而具有广阔的发展前景.