轴向球差自动测量系统

介绍球差自动测量系统的结构及工作原理。采用CCD将刀口阴影图细分后经图像去噪、锐化处理，实现阴影图中亮－暗环分界位置的精确定位，步进电机配合精密螺杆在计算机控制下可对刀口的位置进行精密控制。系统实现了对球差的快速、客观、高精度测量。     

膜厚宽带监控系统中背景噪声的抑制

根据CCD器件只适于检测直流或缓变交流信号的特点,基于CCD膜厚监控系统和CCD探测器的强背景噪声环境,利用步进电机的可控、可知性,实现了步进电机与CCD数据采集卡的精确匹配,完成了信号在亮周期和暗周期中的精确采样。结果表明,背景噪声得到了有效的抑制,保证了实测光谱曲线的准确性。     

步进电机驱动的直线变倍成像系统研究

为了满足无人机光电载荷的体积和重量要求,并有效解决传统凸轮机构加工精度要求高、系统易产生机械振荡等问题,提高系统的响应速度和变焦精度,对基于步进电机驱动实现连续变焦的直线变倍成像系统进行研究。采用二相混合式步进电机驱动实现机械补偿式变焦系统的变焦聚焦功能。首先,本文研究了基于步进电机的直线变倍成像系统的工作原理与构成,完成硬件平台的搭建,利用单片机控制实现步进电机的加减速过程。然后构造适合本系统的图像清晰度评价函数,并采用扫描反馈搜索算法完成对镜头焦距值的标定,将标定结果载入聚焦算法。最后,完成系统的性能测试。测试结果显示,采用速度控制模型后,步进电机的定位误差显著降低,范围在0.010 mm以下,整个系统的变焦精度远远小于1%,而且光学性能和外场拍摄性能较好。该基于步进电机的直线变倍成像系统满足无人机光电载荷的适用性要求。     

基于数字信号处理技术的连续变焦镜头控制系统设计

针对以往连续变焦镜头控制系统存在的速度响应慢、准确度低等缺点,对连续变焦镜头及其控制系统的设计方法进行改进.采用机械补偿的变焦距镜头理论,确定变焦距系统位移曲线.基于数字信号处理技术和步进电机的控制技术,设计了包括数字信号处理器、步进电机、步进电机驱动器、键盘控制、计算机通信、液晶显示模块为一体的控制系统,同时对变焦距...     

基于LabVIEW的亥姆霍兹线圈磁场自动测量系统

用LabVIEW软件、霍尔传感器、步进电机、继电器、单片机采集系统,构建了亥姆霍兹线圈磁场的自动测量系统.以PC作为上位机,LabVIEW程序控制PC与单片机通信,单片机接收到指令,控制步进电机工作,带动霍尔传感器,传感器采集信号送到单片机,再送到上位机,用LabVIEW进行数据处理和显示,从而实现了亥姆零兹线圈磁场的自动测量.     

基于PID的流量调节阀的设计

针对流量控制,设计了一种结构简单、控制方便、精度高的基于PID的流量调节阀。流量调节阀主要由手动平衡阀、流量传感器、步进电机和控制器四部分组成,控制器采用PID算法控制步进电机。检测步进电机电流的大小不仅能确定手动平衡阀是否到达了极限调节值,也可以防止过电流损坏电机。实验测试中,用PC机对输出流量值进行设定和对流量调节阀的控制效果进行分析。通过反复试验,证明了输出的流量值能准确快速的跟随设定值的变化而变化。研究表明,基于PID的流量调节阀能实现高精度的流量控制。     

基于四轴飞行器的短距离低空运输系统的设计

为实现四轴飞行器在短距离低空运输方面的应用,设计了一种基于四轴飞行器的运输系统,该系统可实现运载物品并将其投放至指定地区的功能。系统以两片STM32F103为控制核心,一片作为从机,实现系统的姿态控制、图像采集、无线传输、物资运输等功能;另一片作为主机,可向从机发送图像采集指令并将图像数据传至上位机显示。 图像采集模块采用高清摄像头+CPLD+SDRAM的FIFO模式,在不影响控制中心运算速度和内存使用率的情况下,使系统能够并行完成姿态控制、图像采集、物资运输等操作。根据四轴飞行器的负载能力设计了一款运输箱,并利用大功率驱动芯片BTS7960驱动电机将物品投放出去,从而实现低空运输的功能。     

基于数字信号处理技术的连续变焦镜头控制系统设计

针对以往连续变焦镜头控制系统存在的速度响应慢、准确度低等缺点,对连续变焦镜头及其控制系统的设计方法进行改进.采用机械补偿的变焦距镜头理论,确定变焦距系统位移曲线.基于数字信号处理技术和步进电机的控制技术,设计了包括数字信号处理器、步进电机、步进电机驱动器、键盘控制、计算机通信、液晶显示模块为一体的控制系统,同时对变焦距系统增加了自锁模块,提高了控制系统的安全性与可靠性.初步实验结果表明,控制系统准确度在0.01 mm以内,满足0.12 mm的设计指标.     

基于光栅检测的显微镜闭环扫描控制系统的设计

高精度扫描控制系统是现代扫描显微系统的重要组成部分，它影响着扫描显微镜对样品的扫描成像质量。提出了一种基于光栅检测的单片机闭环扫描控制系统的设计方案。该系统采用PC上位机发送指令，下位单片机控制扫描工作台的移动，光栅作为检测元件输出脉冲信号。单片机控制电路实现脉冲的计数并计算误差值，控制步进电机进行误差补偿。步进电机的硬件细分驱动，实现了步距2细分、4细分、8细分。实验结果表明该系统的重复定位精度达到0．005mm，满足扫描显微镜对扫描控制系统的要求。     

全自动相位差法声速测量装置的研制与探讨

针对传统的相位比较法测声速不能定量测量相位差的问题,引入了AD8302相位差测量模块,设计了全自动相位差法声速测量装置.该装置以上位机控制器为核心,通过数据采集卡采集AD8302输出的电压值,通过单片机和步进电机驱动器控制步进电机的转动,利用步进电机带动丝杠转动,从而实现声波接收器的运动,以达到对各点相位情况的自动测量;获得数据的同时,将不同位置的AD8302输出的电压值绘制成二维直角坐标图,并保存和输出.实验结果表明:该装置可以直接测量发射信号与接收信号之间的相位差,实现了相位测量的数字化,消除了回程差,提高了测量效率.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.