高效液相色谱法测定合成革废气中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺

采用高效液相色谱法测定合成革废气中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的含量。合成革废气样品经水吸收后,用0.45μm水相滤膜过滤,所得滤液以Waters PAH C_(18)(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈(5+95)溶液为流动相,在检测波长198nm处进行测定。N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量浓度在0.01~50.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,无组织排放废气中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的检出限为0.001 mg·m~(-3),有组织排放废气中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的检出限为0.010mg·m~(-3)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为93.0%,94.5%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.1%,3.6%。     

超高效液相色谱法测定塑料中的多环芳烃Ⅰ-色谱柱和色谱条件的选择

研究建立了用超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器测定16中EPA优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法,考察了BEH C18 column(100×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7μm),BEH SHIELD RP18(50×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7μm),BEH C18(50×2.1 mm.i.d.,1.7μm),BEH C8(50×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7 μm)和BEH Phenyl(50×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7μn)等5种色谱柱分别用乙腈-水或甲醇-水分离PAHs的效果,综合考察分离效果和时间,选择BEH C18 column(100×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7μm)色谱柱用乙腈-水分离PAHs,16种PAHs在8.1 min内流出,在12 h内和1 m内,PAHs的保留时间标准偏差分别低于0.01、0.04 min,检出限在5～40 pg之间,定量检测限10～200 pg之间,线性相关系数(r2)在0.9993～0.9997之间.     

高效液相色谱多波长同时测定阿咖酚散中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林、水杨酸

采用高效液相色谱多波长同时测定阿咖酚散中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林、水杨酸的含量.使用岛津LC–20AT高效液相色谱仪、Venusil MP–C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,采用多波长进行分析.流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液(0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液,用磷酸调节pH为2.6±0.1)–甲醇(体积...     

水吸收气相色谱法测定环境空气中丙烯醇

建立气相色谱法测定环境空气中丙烯醇的方法。用蒸馏水吸收环境空气中的丙烯醇,以DB–624色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm,3μm)为分离色谱柱,用氢火焰离子化检测器检测丙烯醇的含量。当采样体积为30 L时,丙烯醇的检出限为0.01 mg/m~3,样品加标回收率为93.0%~97.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%(n=7)。该方法前处理简便,分析灵敏度高,分析过程中避免了有机溶剂的使用,无二次污染,适用于环境空气中丙烯醇的监测。     

紫外/二极管阵列检测器液相色谱法分析甲苯法生产己内酰胺的精制副产物

建立了用二极管阵列检测器扫描紫外最大吸收波长,用高效液相色谱紫外检测器测定甲苯法生产己内酰胺精制单元副产物的方法.检测紫外最大吸收波长时使用Lichrospher C18柱(250 mm×4.5 mm i.d.,5μm),流动相为65%的甲醇水溶液,流速0.7 mL/min;定性定量使用Agilent Hypersil ODS C18柱(5μm4.0×250 mm),检测波长215 nm,流动相为V(甲醇):V(水)=38:62溶液,磷酸调节pH为5,流速0.4 mL/min.经理论推导,用保留时间结合各物质的紫外光谱定性,外标法定量.确定该副产物中主要含有环已胺、已内酰胺、苯甲酰胺、环己甲酰胺.环己胺的回收率为98%～99%,精密度为O.23%～1.51%,定量下限为0.05 mg;己内酰胺的回收率为98%～100%,精密度为0.51%～1.63%,定量下限为0.03 mg;苯甲酰胺的回收率为100%～101%,精密度为0.52%～2.02%,定量下限为0.03 mg;环己甲酰胺的回收率为97%～100%.精密度为0.73%～1.25%,定量下限为0.04 mg.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷

建立了测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷的气相色谱–质谱方法。空气中的碘甲烷用多孔玻板吸收管采集,经DB–1型(50 m×0.32 mm,0.52μm)毛细管柱分离后,用气相色谱–质谱方法进行定性、定量。碘甲烷溶液的质量浓度在0.0085-15.2μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为0.0025μg/mL,定量限为0.0085μg/mL,最低检出限浓度为0.0033 mg/m^(3)。方法的批内精密度为1.5%-3.2%(n=6),批间精密度为2.4%-7.1%(n=6),样品加标回收率为99.6%-102.9%。该方法同时进行定性、定量,适用于工作场所空气中碘甲烷的测定。     

凝胶柱前处理-气相色谱法测定火腿中多种有机膦农药残留量

用乙腈萃取火腿试样中的残留农药,所得萃取液经凝胶渗透色谱柱净化后用气相色谱法(带火焰光度法检测器)测定了9种农药的残留量,用外标法定量。HP-1701型毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm,1.0μm)用于气相色谱分离,采用柱温250℃和检测器温度230℃,载气为氮气,流速为10 mL.min-1,测得三唑膦农药的测定限为2.8μg.kg-1,其它8种有机膦农药的测定限均为5μg.kg-1。用标准加入法测定回收率,9种农药的回收率均在70%以上。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定发酵液中喷司他丁和2'-氨基-2'-脱氧腺苷

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定发酵液中喷司他丁和2'-氨基-2'-脱氧腺苷含量的方法.发酵液经高速离心、水溶液稀释、微孔过滤后进行HPLC-MS/MS分析测定.选用Waters Atlantis?T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)及其保护柱(5 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)进...     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法直接进样测定水中的草甘膦和呋喃丹

建立直接进样测定饮用水和水源水中的草甘膦和呋喃丹的液相色谱质谱的分析方法.水样直接过0.22μm滤膜,用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)带串联质谱分析检测,色谱柱:Hypercarb 5μm,50×2.1mm.在两个添加水平(草甘膦:0.10,0.50μg/mL;呋喃丹:0.20,1.00 ng/mL)时,该法的平均回收率为90.0%～100.0%,精密度RSD为4.2%～10.0%.以10倍信噪比(S/N)计算,最低检测质量浓度分别是:草甘膦0.04μmg/mL;呋喃丹0.02 ng/mL.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定婴幼儿奶粉中5种黄曲霉毒素含量

建立QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定婴幼儿奶粉中5种黄曲霉毒素的方法.样品采用QuEChERS法提取之后,使用分散式固相萃取管(EMR-Lipid dSPE)进行净化,选择ACQUITY BEN C18色谱柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)分离,多反应监测采集模式(M...     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。