氮气气氛下焙烧的CeO_2载体负载Ni基催化剂的顺酐加氢性能研究

在氮气气氛中合成了具有较高氧缺陷浓度的CeO_2载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni含量为10%的Ni/CeO_2-N催化剂,考察了其顺酐液相加氢性能,并与氧气气氛中制得的CeO_2载体负载Ni催化剂作了对比.N_2低温物理吸脱附,X-射线衍射,拉曼光谱,H_2程序升温还原等表征手段表明,在氮气气氛中合成的CeO_2具有较高浓度的氧缺陷位,在催化剂还原过程中可促进NiO物种的还原,同时在催化剂表面生成更多的氧缺陷位.该氧缺陷位可与活性金属Ni物种协同作用,显著提高催化剂的C=C及C=O加氢活性.     

甲醇在CeO2担载Pd催化剂上分解机理的研究

采用原位红外(in-situFTIR)技术对甲醇在CeO₂和Pd/CeO₂催化剂上的吸附和反应进行了研究,提出一个新的甲醇分解反应机理模型.甲醇在CeO₂上容易吸附并结合其晶格氧生成甲酸盐物种,而甲醇分解的产物氢被Pd活化后,溢流到CeO₂上促进了甲酸盐物种的分解.Cl^-的存在加强了Pd/CeO₂催化剂与氢的相互作用,Pd和CeO₂通过对氢和氧物种的作用对甲醇分解反应的过程表现出协同效应.     

CeO2和Pd在Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加n型半导体氧化物CeO2及贵金属Pd对Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭反应性能的影响,并运用BET、TPR、CO2 TPSR及氢吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明, n型半导体氧化物CeO2的添加可以降低Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4裂解积炭活性,提高CO2消炭活性,添加少量贵金属Pd可以进一步改变载体Al2O3、助剂CeO2和活性组分Ni之间的相互作用,从而改善Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭性能.通过Ni Ce Pd/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭模型对上述作用机制作出了新的解释.     

CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Ni／CeO2-ZrO2-Al203 Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method

The Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-A12O3 catalyst with different A12O3 and NiO contents were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction, the interaction among components and the relation between Ni content and catalyst surface basicity were investigated. Results show that the interaction between NiO and A12O3 is stronger than that between NiO and CeO2-ZrO2. The addition of A12O3 can prevent the formation of large metallic Ni ensembles, increase the dispersion of Ni, and improve catalytic activity, but excess A12O3 causes the catalyst to deactivate easily. The interaction between NiO and CeO2 results in more facile reduction of surface CeO2. The existence of a small amount of metallic Ni can increase the number of basic sites. As metallic Ni may preferentially reside on the strong basic sites, increasing Ni content can weaken the catalyst basicity.     

CO_2 Reforming of CH_4 over Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method

The Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 catalyst with different Al2O3 and NiO contents were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction, the interaction among components and the relation between Ni content and catalyst surface basicity were investigated. Results show that the interaction between NiO and Al2O3 is stronger than that between NiO and CeO2-ZrO2.The addition of Al2O3 can prevent the formation of large metallic Ni ensembles, increase the dispersion of Ni, and improve catalytic activity, but excess Al2O3 causes the catalyst to deactivate easily. The interaction between NiO and CeO2 results in more facile reduction of surface CeO2. The existence of a small amount of metallic Ni can increase the number of basic sites. As metallic Ni may preferentially reside on the strong basic sites, increasing Ni content can weaken the catalyst basicity.     

CeO2、CaO助剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气Ni/MgOAl2O3催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用BET、H2 TPR、XRD、TEM和活性评价等表征手段，考察了CeO2、CaO助剂对Ni/MgOAl2O3催化剂物化性质和甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应性能的影响。实验结果表明，单独加入CeO2或CaO助剂可以改善Ni/ MgOAl2O3催化剂中镍物种的还原性能，以CaO尤为明显；CaO作为结构助剂可以降低还原态催化剂中的镍晶粒尺寸，使改性的催化剂具有较好的活性，而CeO2对催化剂的活性未产生显著影响。当CeO2与CaO两种助剂同时对Ni/MgOAl2O3进行改性时，虽然催化剂中镍物种的还原性能没有发生明显变化，但仍具有很好的反应性能，这与CeO2与CaO能够形成CaO-CeO2固溶体有关。CaO-CeO2固溶体不仅与镍物种间存在相互作用，提高了镍物种的分散度、减小了镍晶粒尺寸，还可以提高催化剂的储氧能力和晶格氧的流动性，从而有利于改善其甲烷部分氧化反应性能。     

掺杂助剂Ce和Zr的Ni/Al2O3催化剂的X光电子能谱分析

以Na2CO3为沉淀剂,在pH 9.0的沉淀条件下,采用并流沉淀法制备了Ni/Al2O3、Ni/CeO2-Al2O3、Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3和Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O34种催化剂,催化剂中Ni负载量(质量分数)为10%。采用XPS表征手段及常压固定床反应器对催化剂进行活性评价,考察了助剂Ce和Zr及二者的协同作用对Ni基催化剂表面物种结合能的影响以及对甲烷自热重整制氢反应性能的影响。结果表明,助剂Ce和Zr的添加及二者的协同作用对Ni基催化剂表面各物种的结合能均有一定的影响,结合评价结果可知,Ce和Zr二者的协同作用对Ni基催化剂的催化性能提高最大。     

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.     

水蒸汽对Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂上CO2+CH4重整反应的影响

The Ni/CeO2 -ZrO2 -Al2O3 catalyst was prepared with the hydrothermal method. The catalytic performance for the CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction with or without small amount of steam was tested and the amount of coke deposition was measured. The XAFS of Ni K-edge was attained. The results show that the formation of CeAlO3 occurs in reaction,but the coke deposition is responsible for the deactivation of the catalyst. The addition of steam into feed gas can decrease the amount of coke deposition,and promote the stability. Due to the carbon atom penetration into the Ni lattice,for the catalyst sample after reaction without the addition of steam into feed gas,the coordination number of the first Ni-Ni shell decreases sharply. For the catalyst sample after reaction with the addition of steam in feed gas,the coordination numbers of the first Ni-Ni shell decrease slightly. It is due to the addition of steam into feed gas,which can suppress the coke formation and maintain the metallic structure of active Ni metal.     

双功能2D/3D杂化结构Co2P-CeO x 异质结一体化电极的构筑及电催化尿素氧化辅助制氢性能

以泡沫镍(NF)为基底, 通过多电位阶跃电沉积和低温磷化的方法, 制备双功能的多层次二维/三维(2D/3D)杂化结构的Co₂P-CeO _x 一体化电极(Co₂P-CeO _x /NF), 并用于电催化尿素氧化辅助制氢性能研究. 结果表明, 通过3D CeO _x 纳米花与2D Co₂P纳米片之间的强界面相互作用和良好的电子协同耦合作用, 使该一体化电极具有较高的导电性、 表面活性和稳定性, 强化了电催化析氢反应(HER)和尿素氧化反应(UOR)性能. 在两电极电解池体系下进行电催化制氢的同时降解尿素, 电流密度达到30 mA/cm²时, 所需要电位为1.42 V, 比全解水所需电位降低0.17 V, 经过10 h电催化尿素的降解效率达76.4%; 综合分析表明, 2D Co₂P与3D CeO _x 多层次纳米片异质界面处电子的定向转移, 引起界面区域的局部电荷重新排布; 形成的氧空位提供配位不饱和位点, 暴露更多的活性位点, 优化反应物分子在催化剂表面的吸附能, 进而促进分子活化, 使其具有较高的催化反应活性.     

Methane reforming With CO2 to syngas over CeO2-promoted Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalysts Prepared Via a direct sol-gel process

CeO2-promoted Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 (Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2-CeO2) catalysts were prepared by a direct sol-gel process with citric acid as gelling agent. The catalysts used for the methane reforming with CO2 was studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), microscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of methane to synthesis gas was investigated in a continuous-flow micro-reactor under atmospheric pressure. TGA, IR, XRD and microscopic analysis show that the catalysts prepared by the direct sol-gel process consist of Ni particles with a nanostructure of around 5 nm and an amorphous-phase composite oxide support. There exists a chemical interaction between metallic Ni particles and supports, which makes metallic Ni well dispersed, highly active and stable. The addition of CeO2 effectively improves the dispersion and the stability of Ni particles of the prepared catalysts, and enhances the adsorption of CO2 on the surface of catalysts. The catalytic tests for methane reforming with CO2 to synthesis gas show that the Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2-CeO2 catalysts show excellent activity and stability compared with the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The excellent catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2-CeO2 are attributed to the highly, uniformly and stably dispersed small metallic Ni particles, the high reducibility of the Ni oxides and the interaction between metallic Ni particles and the composite oxide supports.     

PROMOTING EFFECT OF RARE EARTH OXIDES ON Ni/Re_xO_y-Al_2O_3 CATALYST FOR PARTIAL OXIDATION OF METHANE TO SYNTHESIS GAS

IntroductionSynthesisgas(HZ CO)isproducedfrommethanemoshybysteamrefonningwhichsuffersfromlimitationssuchasveryhighenergyrequirements,complicatedequipmentandinstallations,highHZ/COproductratioandpoorselectivityforcarbonmonoxide.Recently,manyresearchershave…     

还原剂对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响

以PVP为保护剂,乙醇(ER)、乙二醇(GR)和水合肼(HR)为还原剂制备了一系列Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂,考察了还原剂对甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD、TPD和TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Au-Pd/CeO2(ER)催化剂具有较大的比表面积,形成的AuxPdy量较多、粒径较小、分散度较高、活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,同时对甲醇的吸附量较大和吸附温度较低。因此,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和氢气选择性以及较低的CO质量分数。     

Methane Decomposition over Ni/α-Al2O3 Promoted by La2O3 and CeO2

The decomposition of methane on Ni/a-Al2O3 modified by La2O3 and CeO2 with differ-ent contents has been investigated and the ralationship between methane decomposition and removal of carbon by CO2 over these catalyst has also been studied by pulse-chromatography. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and XRD. It was shown that Ni/a-Al2O3 could be promoted by adding La2O3, and the carbon species produced over this catalyst was activated and eliminated by CO2. But CeO2 would suppress the decomposition of methane over Ni crystallite. Both La2O3 and CeO2 can inhibit aggregation of the Ni particles. Decomposition of methane over the Ni-based catalysts is structure sensitive to a certain extent.     

Methane Decomposition over Ni/α-Al_2O_3 Promoted by La_2O_3 and CeO_2

The decomposition of methane on Ni/a-Al2O3 modified by La2O3 and CeO2 with different contents has been investigated and the ralationship between methane decomposition and removal of carbon by CO2 over these catalyst has also been studied by pulse-chromatography. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and XRD. It was shown that Ni/a-Al2O3 could be promoted by adding La2O3, and the carbon species produced over this catalyst was activated and eliminated by CO2. But CeO2 would suppress the decomposition of methane over Ni crystallite. Both La2O3 and CeO2 can inhibit aggregation of the Ni particles. Decomposition of methane over the Ni-based catalysts is structure sensitive to a certain extent.     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应Pt/Al_2O_3和Pt/CeO2/Al_2O_3催化剂的研究(英文)

研究了Ｐｔ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｐｔ／ＣｅＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化活性，发现Ｐｔ／ＣｅＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３显示了比Ｐｔ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３更高的甲烷转化率和合成气选择性。用Ｈ２ＴＰＲ，Ｈ２ＴＰＤ，ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ等手段和技术对催化剂进行了表征。ＣｅＯ２与Ｐｔ之间存在较强的相互作用（ＳＭＳＩ），这种作用促进了Ｐｔ在催化剂表面的分散，抑制了Ｐｔ在催化剂表面的迁移，大大降低了催化剂在反应中的完全燃烧活性，提高了催化剂的部分氧化活性和选择性，避免了因催化剂床层局部温度过高而导致催化剂活性下降或失活，提高了催化剂的稳定性。同时，在反应过程中，ＣｅＯ２通过促进水蒸气变换反应（ＷＧＳＲ）的进行使反应体系迅速达到平衡，提高了催化剂对Ｈ２的选择性。     

三功能策略设计制备具有优异低温抗积碳性能的Ni-CeO2@SiO2催化剂催化甲烷干重整反应

随着全球人为温室气体排放量(主要是甲烷和二氧化碳)的增加,全球变暖的趋势逐渐增加,因此,迫切需要通过各种技术来捕获和利用这些温室气体.甲烷干气重整反应(DRM)可以有效地将甲烷和二氧化碳这两种资源丰富、价格低廉的温室气体转化为高附加值化学品,减少它们向大气排放.尽管DRM工艺的应用具有许多优势,但是反应期间碳沉积和活性组分的烧结是阻碍其工业应用的两个主要原因.这些碳沉积物可能覆盖活性中心或阻塞催化剂的孔道,从而导致催化剂活性降低.镍基催化剂因其价格低廉、初始活性高和资源丰富而得到广泛的应用.但应用于DRM反应的Ni基催化剂在反应中容易烧结和积碳,导致催化剂迅速失活.为解决上述问题,本文从三功能策略角度出发,即SiO2壳层的限域作用和Ni-Ce之间的协同作用以及CeO2的消除积碳作用,采用原位一锅法设计合成了一种限域型Ni-CeO2核壳结构催化剂(Ni-CeO2@SiO2).通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱、N2吸附/脱附、氢气程序升温还原和脱附、氧气程序升温脱附、拉曼光谱、热重分析和原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱测试对催化剂进行了系统的表征,来揭示催化剂的理化性质和反应机理.催化剂应用于甲烷干气重整反应结果表明,在温度区间为550～800℃时,与传统浸渍法合成的催化剂相比,Ni-CeO2@SiO2催化剂具有更高的活性.高温800℃下的稳定性测试结果显示,传统浸渍法合成的催化剂在反应20 h后就出现了大量的积碳且活性下降明显;而Ni-CeO2@SiO2催化剂在800℃下反应100 h后未检测到积碳,并且催化剂中的Ni纳米颗粒的平均粒径从5.01 nm仅增长到5.77 nm,表现出很好的高温抗积碳和耐烧结性能.值得注意的是,Ni-CeO2@SiO2催化剂在低温600℃(形成碳沉积的最可能温度区域)下反应20h后也未检测到积碳的形成,表现出催化剂良好的低温稳定性和抗积碳性能.这可能归因于对Ni-CeO2@SiO2催化剂的三功能作用,即多孔二氧化硅壳层的限域作用、Ni与CeO2之间强的金属-金属氧化物相互作用以及具有丰富活性氧物种CeO2的消除积碳的作用.通过原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱测试来探究反应机理.结果 表明,DRM反应在Ni-CeO2@SiO2催化剂上遵循L-H机理,添加CeO2可以消除碳沉积并促进CO2活化.该三功能策略为设计其他应用于DRM的高性能催化剂提供了指导,有望加快该工艺的工业化.     

Effect of CeO2 on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 for autothermal reforming of methane

The effect of promoter Ce on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicated that the catalytic performance of the catalysts was improved with the addition of Ce. Ni/Ce30Al70Oδ showed the highest CH4 conversion in operation temperatures ranging from 650 ℃ to 850 ℃. At the same time, the decrease in H2/CO ratio with increasing reaction temperature was consistent with the fact that water-gas shift reaction was thermodynamically unfavorable at higher temperatures. The XRD result indicated that adding Ce to Ni/Al2O3 catalyst prevented the formation of NiAl2O4 and facilitated the formation of NiO. The formation of NiO increased the number of active sites, resulting in higher activity. Comparing the TPR profiles of Ni/Ce30Al70Oδ with Ni/Al2O3, it could be clearly observed that with the addition of Ce, the total reduction peak areas in the middle and low temperatures increased. It was most probably that the addition of Ce inhibited the stronger interaction between Ni and Al2O3 to form the phase of NiAl2O4, and favored the formation of the strong interaction between NiO species and CeO2. Therefore, the addition of Ce to the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst increased the active surface that promoted the activity of the catalyst.     

CeO2修饰的Pt/Ni催化剂在碱性溶液中对乙醇电催化氧化性能的增强

有机小分子直接燃料电池具有高能量密度和转换效率、易贮存及运输方便等优点.在过去几十年,有机小分子化合物尤其是乙醇的电催化氧化引起了研究者的关注,高活性和稳定性及低价格的电催化剂的设计和制备一直是乙醇燃料电池的研究热点.本文采用复合电沉积方法制备了Ni和CeO2复合镀层,然后利用Ni置换铂前驱体中Pt的方法制备了纳米CeO2修饰的Pt/Ni电催化剂(Pt/Ni-CeO2).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)等手段表征了所制样品的组成和相结构、表面形貌及组成成份.XRD结果表明,所制Pt/Ni催化剂主要是PtNi合金相结构.与Pt/Ni相比,Pt/Ni-CeO2催化剂的XRD峰强明显变弱,表明纳米CeO2修饰的Pt/Ni电催化剂的结晶性较差或者其晶体颗粒较小.这可能是由于CeO2的共沉积阻止了Ni纳米颗粒的进一步生长或团聚.当电镀液中CeO2含量为50和100 mg/L时,所制Pt/Ni-CeO2催化剂样品Pt/NiCe1和Pt/NiCe2的XRD谱上未观察到CeO2相关的衍射峰,这主要可归因于催化剂中沉积的CeO2量少或其高度分散.随着电镀液中CeO2浓度进一步增大到200 mg/L时,在Pt/Ni-CeO2催化剂(Pt/NiCe4)的XRD谱上出现了CeO2相关的衍射峰.这表明采用复合电沉积-化学还原法可以成功制备CeO2修饰的Pt/Ni电催化剂.SEM结果显示,所制催化剂都是由团聚状态的纳米颗粒组成,并且Pt/NiCe2表现出比Pt/Ni更开放的微结构,从而有利于反应物扩散至催化剂内部.该结果进一步表明共沉积的CeO2对所制Pt/Ni催化剂微结构的影响.此外,EDS结果也证实成功制备了CeO2修饰的Pt/Ni电催化剂.采用多次循环伏安、电流时间曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等手段研究了所制电催化剂的电化学性能.与Pt/Ni相比,Pt/Ni-CeO2催化剂表现出更好的电催化氧化乙醇活性和稳定性,这可能与CeO2的贮氧特性及其共沉积增大了电极的粗糙度有关.红外光谱测试结果表明,在CeO2修饰的Pt/Ni电催化剂催化氧化乙醇过程中,CH3COO?可能是乙醇氧化的主要产物.在所制催化剂中,CeO2含量影响其电催化氧化乙醇性能.循环伏安和电流时间曲线测试结果表明,随着催化剂中CeO2含量增大,催化剂活性先增加后减弱.电化学阻抗谱结果表明,随着CeO2含量增大,CeO2修饰的Pt/Ni电催化剂的接触电阻先增大后变小再变大;而电荷转移电阻不断变小.在电解液中含有100 mg/L CeO2时所制电催化剂(Pt/NiCe2)具有最佳的电催化氧化乙醇活性和稳定性.这主要与CeO2的贮氧功能、Pt与CeO2/Ni间的相互作用和其较小的接触电阻和电荷转移电阻有关.该结果可为设计和制备低价格、高活性乙醇燃料电池中的催化剂提供思路.     

CeO_2改性SiO_2-CuO复合氧化物的制备和表征以及催化氧化脱硫性能

采用不同方法、不同负载量、不同焙烧温度制备CeO_2改性的SiO_2-CuO-CeO_2复合氧化物催化剂,并对其进行X射线衍射分析、扫描式电子显微镜、TG-DSC、N_2吸附-脱附和H_2-TPR等表征.在温和条件(65℃、常压)下,以过氧化氢为氧化剂,乙腈为溶剂,苯并噻吩(BT)为模型硫化物,考察SiO_2-CuO-CeO_2复合氧化物催化剂的氧化脱硫性能,确定复合氧化物的最佳制备工艺条件.结果表明,适量的添加CeO_2可以提高CuO在SiO_2上的分散度、比表面积和孔径,提高复合氧化物的活性;溶胶-凝胶法制备的SiO_2-0.1CuO-0.02CeO_2复合氧化物,在500℃下焙烧,催化剂活性最高,脱硫率最高为81.6%.催化剂的重复使用5次,脱硫率仍可达到60.0%.