对典型多通道反应H+CH3OH的模式特异动力学研究

H+CH₃OH作为典型的多通道反应,在燃烧和星际中起着重要的作用. 本文基于在UCCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ水平上计算的大量数据点,构建了该体系的全维精确势能面,并基于该势能面,研究了不同产物通道的模式特异动力学. 结果表明,O-H 伸缩、沿C-O轴的扭转以及C$-$H伸缩等模式的振动激发对H₂+CH₃O、H₂+CH₂OH、H₂O+CH₃和H+CH₃OH四个产物通道有着不同的影响. 该研究有助于理解具有多个产物通道的复杂反应的模式特异动力学,进而帮助控制其竞争反应.     

密度泛函理论研究α-MoC(100)在甲醇水蒸汽重整中的催化作用

本文通过密度泛函理论计算方法探究了α-MoC催化甲醇水蒸气重整(CH₃OH+H₂O→CO₂+3H₂)反应,系统地研究了甲醇水蒸气重整反应中相关中间体的吸附行为和基本步骤的动力学. 结果表明,在α-MoC(100)表面,甲醇容易裂解形成CH₃O中间体,CH₃O进一步脱氢为CH₂O. 通过比较CH₂O和OH缔合过程和CH₂O直接分解过程,发现CH₂O和OH之间更容易形成CH₂OOH而不是分解成CHO和H. 计算结果表明,CH₂OOH中间体的连续脱氢对CO₂有很高的选择性. 相反,在α-MoC(111)表面,由于CH₂O中间体的强吸附使其更偏向于脱氢生成CHO,最后生成产物CO. 此外,高水解离产生的OH物种可以促进中间体O-H键的断裂,并显著降低反应能垒. 本文不仅揭示了α-MoC(100)晶面在甲醇水蒸气重整反应中的催化作用,也为α-MoC基催化剂的设计提供了理论指导.     

氘代烷基卤化物CD3CH2F光解动态学的理论研究

在燃烧或大气化学多通道反应中,理解不同产物之间的产品分支比与反应的总速率,对这类基元反应同样重要. 在CCSD(T)/CBS/B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ理论水平上,计算所有氘代烷基卤化物CD₃CH₂F物种的基态势能面. 在CD₃CH₂F的解离反应中,C-F键解离反应与分子(HF、DF、H₂、D₂与HD)消除反应存在着争议. 本文使用RRKM方法计算各个步骤的速率常数,并使用稳态方法计算解离产物的相对产物分支比. 在不同的能量下,RRKM方法预测CD₃CH₂F的1,2-消除DF或HF的主要通道是通过四中心过渡态消除,而1,1-消除D₂或H₂的主要通道是通过三中心过渡态消除. 在266、248和193 nm光解时,主产物CD₂CH₂+DF分支比分别为96.57%、91.47%和48.52%;然而,在157 nm光解时,产物分支比计算为16.11%. 基于这些过渡态结构和能量,提出了以下光解离机制：在266、248和193 nm,CD₃CH₂F→吸收光子→TS5→形成产物→CD₂CH₂+DF;在157 nm,CD₃CH₂F→吸收光子→D/F交換的TS1→CDH₂CDF→H/F交换的TS2→CHD₂CHDF→形成产物CHD₂+CHDF.     

全维高精度势能面上F+CH3OH反应的产物振动态分布

甲醇与氟原子之间的抽氢反应可以生成HF和CH₃O、CH₂OH自由基等产物. 该反应在环境化学、燃烧化学、辐射化学和星际化学中都非常重要. 基于之前构建的全维高精度势能面,本文采用准经典轨线方法研究了该典型反应的动力学. 特别是使用正则模式分析方法确定了多原子产物CH₃O和CH₂OH的振动态分布. 研究发现,当反应物处于振转基态时,CH₃O和CH₂OH主要分布在基态. 当反应物CH₃OH的OH伸缩模式激发为第一激发态时,产物CH₂OH的OH伸缩模式、扭转模式、H₂CO 面外弯曲模式及其组合会被有效激发. 在两条通道中,可用能量大部分都流入HF的振动能和产物的平动能,而自由基产物CH₃O或CH₂OH只得到非常少的能量,与实验结果一致,这也表明了自由基的旁观者性质.     

CH3OH在ZnO(0001)表面的光催化解离

本文利用266 nm波长的激光及程序升温脱附的方法研究了甲醇在ZnO(0001)表面的光催化反应. TPD结果显示部分的CH₃OH以分子的形式吸附在ZnO(0001)表面,而另外一部分在表面发生了解离. 实验过程中探测到H₂,CH₃^·,H₂O,CO,CH₂O,CO₂和CH₃OH这些热反应产物. 紫外激光照射实验结果表明光照可以促进CH₃OH/CH₃O^·解离形成CH₂O,在程序升温或光照的过程中它又可以转变为HCOO^-. CH₂OH_Zn与OH_ad反应在Zn位点上形成H₂O分子. 升温或光照都能促进CH₃O^·转变为CH₃^·. 该研究对CH₃OH在ZnO(0001)表面的光催化反应机理提供了一个新的见解.     

Theoretical Study of Interaction Between S2 and SiHx (x=1, 2, 3) in Porous Silicon

用密度泛函B3LYP/lanl2dz方法研究了S₂分子与多孔硅中SiH_x (x=1, 2, 3)的相互作用, 构建了表面掺杂有CH₃,Si-O-Si和OH结构的多孔硅模型. 当S₂分子处于模型不同位置时,通过分析结合能和电子迁移发现S₂分子与SiH_x (x=1, 2, 3)的相互作用强于S₂分子与CH₃和OH的相互作用. 利用过渡态理论研究了Si₂H₆+S2→H₃SiH₂SiS+HS反应,得到反应势垒为50.2 kJ/mol.     

3-二甲氨基-2-甲基丙烯醛S2激发态结构动力学 (cited: 3)

采用共振拉曼光谱和完全活性自洽场理论计算研究了3-二甲氨基-2-甲基丙烯醛(DMAMP)光激发到S₂(ππ^*)态后的光物理性能．在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平计算确定了DMAMP与其三种异构体之间的基态异构化能垒,指认了振动光谱．采用涵盖紫外强吸收带的激光波长,获得了DMAMP在环己烷、乙腈和甲醇溶剂中的A-带共振拉曼光谱,含时密度泛函方法计算确定了该光谱中基频的相对强度,发现振动-电子耦合发生在S₂(ππ^*)态的Franck-Condon区域．CASSCF计算方法确定低单重和三重激发态、势能面锥形交叉点和系间窜跃点的激发能．共振拉曼光谱强度模式分析和CASSCF计算获得了DMAMP的A-带短时结构动力学和其后的衰变动力学表明,C1=O6和C2=C3之间的瞬时去共轭效应发生在S₂(ππ^*)态的Franck-Condon区域,激发态电荷重分布机制表明,C3和二甲氨基之间以及C1和C2之间的共轭增强效应发生在波包离开Franck-Condon区域后．C1=O6和C2=C3之间的去共轭效应使得-C3=N(CH₃)₂沿着C2-C3键旋转更加容易,C1-C2之间以及C3和N(CH₃)的共轭增强效应使得绕C1-C2和C3-N5旋转变得比较困难．这些表明DMAMP初始结构动力学沿着CI-1(S₂/S₀)交叉点展开,而沿CI-2(S₂/S₀)和CI-3(S₂/S₀)交叉点展开的几率可以忽略．提出了DMAMP分子受光激发从S_2,FC(ππ^*)经由各锥形交叉点和各系间窜跃点回到S₀或T_1,min的两个衰变通道.     

(TPP)NO3的合成、表征与分子识别NO

在氯仿与无水乙醇的混合溶剂(体积比为1:1)中,四苯基卟啉(TPP)与Ce(NO₃)·6H₂O混合反应后,得产物Ce(TPP)NO₃. 通过紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱的分析与表征,四苯基卟啉与铈原子以四齿方式进行配位,在同一个铈原子上还有一个硝酸根配位. 向Ce(TPP)NO₃的二氯甲烷溶液中通入NO气体,NO可以配位在同一个铈原子上,得到新的配合物Ce(TPP)(NO)NO₃,向此溶液中通入N₂,金属卟啉配合物可以恢复为配合物Ce(TPP)NO₃.     

乙醛光解动力学的离子速度成像

利用时间切片离子速度成像技术在275～321 nm能量范围内重新研究了乙醛自由基通道CH₃+HCO的光解动力学. 通过共振增强多光子电离的方法探测甲基碎片. 对甲基的伞形振动基态和激发态(v₂=0和1)进行了影像探测. 乙醛通过T₁电子态系间窜越到S₁电子态的解离产物具有很高的动能释放和很低的内能激发,碎片的振动能和转动能随激发能量的增加而增加. 乙醛T₁电子态的势垒高度经测量高于基电子态3.881±0.006 eV.     

F和CH3OH多通道反应的速率常数与分支比的研究

F和CH₃OH有两个夺氢反应通道,分别生成HF+CH₃O 和HF+CH₂OH. 尽管这两个通道都没有能垒,但前一个通道即生成HF+CH₃O的反应分支比远远高于期望的统计平均值(四分之一). 不同实验测得的分支比不仅相去甚远,而且定量上与早期由过渡态理论(稳定点信息在MP2以及G2理论水平下计算得到)得到的计算结果也不符合. 此前在CCSD(T)-F12a/AVDZ水平上计算得到了121000个几何构型的能量,采用对易不变多项式结合神经网络的方法拟合得到了该体系的全维高精度势能面. 本文采用该势能面,结合准经典轨线动力学方法,对该反应的反应速率常数和反应分支比进行了理论研究,得到的结果与实验吻合. 由于反应没有能垒,理论计算结果表明反应速率常数随温度升高而有微弱的下降趋势.     

Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of H2O,D2O,H2S and SO2

Electron energy peak shifts and peak shapes were determined in the ionization of H₂O, D₂O, H₂S and SO₂ by Ne(³P₂) and He(2¹S, 2³S) metastable atoms. The shifts are large, especially in ionization of H₂O and D₂O into the ionic ground state and are probably mostly due to chemical interaction during the collision.In a previous paper the electron energy distribution curves for ionization of CO, HCl, HBr, N₂O, NO₂, CO₂, COS and CS₂ by helium, neon and argon metastables and the characteristics of this ionization were described¹. In this paper the series of triatomic molecules was extended to the molecules H₂O, D₂O, H₂S and SO₂. Because all these molecules have considerable dipole moments it could be expected that the peak shifts might be enhanced as compared with other triatomic molecules.     

Preparation of Bi2S3 thin films with a nanoleaf structure by electrodeposition method

Nanoleaf-like Bi₂S₃ thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass using Bi(NO₃)₃ and Na₂S₂O₃ as precursors by a cathodic electrodeposition process. The as-deposited thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence spectrum (PL). The influence of precursor solution mole concentration ratios [Bi(NO₃)₃]/[Na₂S₂O₃] on the phase compositions, morphologies and photoluminescence properties of the obtained thin films were investigated. Results show that a uniform Bi₂S₃ thin film with nanoleaf structure can be obtained with the precursor solution concentration ratio [Bi(NO₃)₃]/[Na₂S₂O₃] = 1:7. The as-prepared thin films exhibit blue-green photoluminescence properties under ultraviolet light excitation. With the increase of concentration ratios [Bi(NO₃)₃]/[Na₂S₂O₃] in the deposition solution, the crystallizations and PL properties of Bi₂S₃ thin films are obviously improved.     

CH3NO2在Cu(111)面吸附态的研究

用CNDO/2半经验量化计算方法对CH₃NO₂分子在Cu(111)面四个吸附位上25种吸附态进行了优化计算,得到以CH₃NO₂分子中的-NO₂取向吸附在Cu(111)面的桥位上,且CH₃NO₂分子中的ONO面与Cu-Cu键成60°时为最稳吸附态。计算得到的这一稳定吸附态的吸附取向和吸附体系的态密度结果与我们的实验结果是一致的;从吸附态的轨道成分分析表明, 关键词：     

从头计算研究CH3C(O)OSSOC(O)CH3的构型和能量

采用从头计算B3LYP,MP3和MP4方法结合Aug-cc-pVDZ基组研究了CH₃C(O)OSSOC(O)CH₃最稳定的五种构象及其阳离子构型.理论计算了五种稳定构象的转动常数和偶极矩;运用电子传播子理论P3近似方法计算稳定构象外价壳层轨道的电离能,计算结果与光电子能谱实验结果符合的较好.根据构象的相对能量以及理论模拟电离能谱和实验光电子能谱之间的比较,说明在气相光电子能谱实验中至少存在两种构象.与中性构型相比,电离后的五种阳离子构型均发生了明显的结构弛豫,尤 关键词： 构象 电离能 相对能量 光电子能谱     

A DFT study on the formation of CH3O on Cu2O(1 1 1) surface by CH3OH decomposition in the absence or presence of oxygen

The formation mechanism of CH₃O by the adsorption and decomposition of CH₃OH on clean and oxygen-precovered Cu₂O(1 1 1) surface has been investigated with density functional theory method together with the periodic slab models. Two possible formation pathways of CH₃O by CH₃OH decomposition on oxygen-precovered (O_pre) Cu₂O(1 1 1) surface were proposed and discussed. One is the O-H bond-cleavage of CH₃OH with H migration to O_pre to form CH₃O; the other is the C-O bond-scission of CH₃OH with CH₃ migration to O_pre leading to CH₃O_pre. The calculated results show that the O-H bond-breaking path has the lowest activation barrier 26.8 kJ mol⁻¹, the presence of oxygen-precovered on Cu₂O(1 1 1) surface exhibits a high surface reactivity toward the formation of CH₃O by the O-H bond-cleavage of CH₃OH, and reduce the activation barrier of O-H bond-cleavage. The C-O bond-breaking path was inhibited by dynamics, suggesting that the O atom of CH₃O is not from the oxygen-precovered, but comes from the O of CH₃OH. Meanwhile, the calculated results give a clear illustration about the formation mechanism of CH₃O in the presence of oxygen and the role of oxygen at the microscopic level.     

The heat capacity of the layer compounds (CH3CH2CH2NH3)2MnCl4 and (CH3CH2CH2NH3)2CdCl4 from 10 K TO 300 K

The heat capacity of the layer compounds tetrachlorobis (n-propylammonium) manganese II and tetrachlorobis (n-propylammonium) cadmium II, (CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₃)₂MnCl₄ and (CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₃)₂CdCl₄ respectively, has been measured over the temperature range 10 K ?T ? 300 K.Two known structural phase transitions were observed for the Mn compound in this temperature region: at T = 112.8 ± 0.1 K (ΔH_t= 586 ± 2 J mol^?1; ΔS_t = 5.47 ± 0.02 J K^?1mol^?1) and at T =164.3 ± (ΔH_t = 496 ± 7 J mol^?1; ΔS_t =3.29 ± 0.05 J K^?1mol^?1). The lower transition is known to be from a monoclinic structure to a tetragonal structure, while the upper is from the tetragonal phase to an orthorhombic one. From comparison with the results for the corresponding methyl Mn compound it is deduced that the lower transition primarily involves changes in H-bonding while the upper transition involves motion in the propyl chain.A new structural phase transition was observed in the Cd compound at T= 105.5 ± 0.1 K (ΔH_t= 1472.3 ± 0.1 J mol^?1; ΔS_t = 13.956 ± 0.001 J K^?1mol^?1), in addition to two transitions that have been observed previously by other techniques. The higher of these transitions(T = 178.7 ± 0.3 K; ΔH_t = 982 ± 4 J mol^?1 ΔS_t = 6.16 ± 0.02 J K^? mol^?1) is known to be between two orthorhombic structures, while the structural changes at the lower transition (T= 156.8 ± 0.2 K; ΔH_t = 598 ± 5 J mol^?1, ΔS_t = 3.85 ± 0.03 J K^?1 mol^?1) and at the new transition are not known. It is proposed that these two transitions correspond respectively to the tetragonal to orthorhombic and monoclinic to tetragonal transitions in the propyl Mn compounds.In addition to the structural phase transitions (CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₃)₂MnCl₄ magnetically orders at t? 130 K. The magnetic contribution to the heat capacity is deduced from the heat capacity of the corresponding diamagnetic Cd compound and is of the form expected for a quasi 2-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet.     

Photoluminescence of SrGa2S4:Sn,Re(=Ce, Gd) phosphors

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, PL excitation spectra, color coordinates, and X-ray diffraction spectra are reported for SrGa₂S₄:Sn,Re(=Ce and Gd, respectively) phosphors. By mixing SrGa₂S₄:Sn,Ce phosphors with different Ce³⁺ concentrations, white emissions can be obtained under the excitation of a 340-nm UV LED. Emissions in the green to yellow color range can be obtained from SrGa₂S₄:Sn,Gd phosphors. The rare earth ions enhance the green emission band, which peaks at 534 nm, instead of the yellow one. The origin of this enhancement is discussed. The resonant energy transfer rates are estimated in the cases from Ce³⁺ to the green and yellow centers of Sn²⁺ and between the yellow centers and the green centers.     

Emission analysis of Dy and Pr:Bi2O3-ZnF2-B2O3-Li2O-Na2O glasses

In this paper, we present the spectral results of Dy³⁺ and Pr³⁺ (1.0 mol%) ions doped Bi₂O₃-ZnF₂-B₂O₃-Li₂O-Na₂O glasses. Measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) profiles of these rare-earth ions doped glasses have been carried out. From the DSC thermograms, glass transition (T_g), crystallization (T_c) and melting (T_m) temperatures have been evaluated. The direct and indirect optical band gaps have been calculated based on the glasses UV absorption spectra. The emission spectrum of Dy³⁺:glass has shown two emission transitions ⁴F_7/2→⁶H_15/2 (482 nm) and ⁴F_7/2→⁶H_13/2 (576 nm) with an excitation at 390 nm wavelength and Pr³⁺:glass has shown a strong emission transition ¹D₂→³H₄ (610 nm) with an excitation at 445 nm. Upon exposure to UV radiation, Dy³⁺ and Pr³⁺ glasses have shown bright yellow and reddish colors, respectively, from their surfaces.