200MHz质子带窗四翼型射频四极场加速器结构模拟研究

根据束流动力学设计方案,使用电磁场计算软件CST Microwave Studio对带窗四翼型射频四极场(RFQ)结构进行了模拟研究,分析了加速腔结构参数对其物理特性的影响,得到了200MHz质子带窗四翼型RFQ优化结构方案。该结构的比分路阻抗为79.5kΩ·m,模式间隔达25.802MHz。与传统的四翼型RFQ比较结果表明:带窗四翼型RFQ具有较低的工作频率范围、良好的电稳定性以及较高的比分路阻抗。     

SSC-LINAC重离子RFQ动力学模拟与研究

采用多粒子跟踪程序BEAMPATH 对SSC-LINAC 重离子RFQ 直线加速器进行动力学模拟,分别对RFQ 的接受度、高频特性、束流稳定性、空间电荷效应等进行了分析。该RFQ具有很大的纵向接受度,有利于束流在RFQ中的传输;高频特性研究表明,翼间电压设定在理论值以上时,该RFQ都能保持较好的束流特性;束流稳定性分析结果表明,该RFQ具有很大的束流失配容忍度;空间电荷效应研究表明,当束流强度低于0.5 mA时,束流传输不受影响。综合研究结果表明,53.667 MHz重离子RFQ具有较好的动力学特性,满足SSC-LINAC直线加速器的设计要求。The RFQ beam dynamics of a heavy ion linac was investigated in this paper and the BEAMPATH code was employed in this study. The main research was focused on the beam performances depending on longitudinal acceptance, RF properties, beam instability and space charge effect. The RFQ has large longitudinal acceptance in design, which brings the beam performances well. In the RF parameter study, the beam can keep good transmission in the acceleration even the vane voltage is larger than the theoretical value. It is also shown that the RFQ has a large robustness for the mismatch of the input beam by the analysis of the beam instability.Furthermore, the beam evolution is independent on the space charge effect when the beam current is less than 0.5 emA. The preliminary analysis of the beam dynamics shows that the 53.667 MHz heavy ion RFQ has a promising performance, which meets the requirements of SSC-LINAC.     

整体分离环RFQ加速器的研究

阐述了北京大学整体分离环高频四极场（ＩＳＲＲＦＱ）加速器研究所取得的研究成果．分别论述了２６ＭＨｚ３００ｋｅＶＩＳＲＲＦＱ加速器结构、束流动力学设计、高频控制系统、束流试验装置及束流试验；分析了其对Ｎ＋、Ｏ＋、Ｏ－束流试验的研究结果；简述了２６ＭＨｚ１ＭｅＶＲＦＱ加速器束流动力学、加速腔设计及目前的进展 The status of the ISR RFQ accelerators in Peking University is described. The structure of ISR RFQ accelerator, beam dynamics calculation results by PARMTEQ, RF systems, beam transport lines and the beam test evolutions of a 26 MHz 300 keV ISR RFQ accelerator are also presented, respectively. The beam test results for N +, O +, O - particles are analyzed in detail. At last, the development of 1 MeV 26 MHz ISR RFQ accelerator is introduced briefly.     

基于窗耦合结构的HIAF RFQ高频腔体研究

作为直线加速器的前级聚焦加速部分,RFQ(射频四极场) 在束流动力学和运行稳定性上都应表现良好,需要保持电场平整和电磁强耦合。为实现这两个目标,提出并研究了窗耦合结构。针对工作频率为81.25 MHz 的1 m长模型腔,利用三维电磁仿真软件CST MWS微波工作室对传统的四翼型、四杆型高频结构进行了仿真,并重点研究了窗耦合型结构。对开窗的对称方式、开窗的个数和大小等进行了分析,发现合适的窗耦合结构能保持较为紧凑的横向尺寸同时能耗适中,同四翼型结构相比二极模频率也远离了运行频率。为验证模拟结果,建造了一个铝模型腔,并对模型腔进行了冷模测试,实测频率为81.41 MHz,相邻模频率差为10.74 MHz,与模拟结果接近。仿真模拟和模型腔测试的结果表明,窗耦合四翼型结构可作为较低频率RFQ的一种设计。As a focusing and acceleration element in front part of the linear accelerator RFQ, should have ahigh performance in both beam dynamic and operation stability. It requires the electro-magnetic field of RFQ to keep uniform and strongly coupled. In this paper the window coupled structure is proposed and investigated to meet the requirements of RFQ design. Different structures have been compared and analyzed, including four-vane type and four-rod type, and the four-vane type with windows. It was concluded that window-coupled structure is more compact in the transverse dimension with modest power loss and the dipole frequency is far from the operation frequency compare to the normal four-vane structure. A one-meter long and frequency of 81.25 MHz model-cavity of alumimum was employed as a sample and simulated by using the microwave studio of CST. The low power RF test results show that the operating frequecy is 81.41 MHz and the nearest mode frequency separation is 10.74 MHz, which is in good agreement with the simulated values. It is concluded that the window-coupled structure is a candidate for low frequency RFQ.     

ADS注入器Ⅰ高频四极场功率源系统研制

ADS注入器Ⅰ高频四极场(RFQ)功率源系统将为325MHz RFQ提供连续波功率,使束流离开RFQ时,其能量达到几MeV。功率源系统除了补偿RFQ腔耗外,还必须提供足够的功率以保证RFQ中的加速电场。ADS注入器ⅠRFQ功率源系统主要包括600kW连续波速调管、80kV/18A基于脉冲步进调制技术的PSM电源、环流器以及相应的波导传输系统等。根据ADS总体指标和RFQ的相关技术参数,提出了功率源的总体布局、技术指标以及设计要求等,在此基础上完成系统安装与调试,并通过专家组测试与验收。     

SSC直线注入器RFQ腔体多物理场分析

SSC-LINAC是为兰州重离子研究装置（HIRFL）设计的直线注入器,它将U34+离子加速到1 MeV/u注入到分离扇回旋加速器（SSC）中,为冷却储存环（CSR）提供10 MeV/u的U34+。该注入器可以将SSC引出的重离子流强提高一个量级以上。SSC-LINAC由一个RFQ（Radio Frequency Quadrupole）加速器和4个DTL（drift tube linac）组成,设计频率为53.667 MHz。RFQ工作在连续波模式,设计功率30 kW,如果不能有效地冷却,高频电流在电极表面产生的热量会使RFQ的腔壁和电极发生形变,从而导致腔体频率的漂移以及加速和聚焦电场的改变。因此,为了保证连续波工作的RFQ加速器稳定运行,对水冷模式和通道设计提出了很高的要求。作者用有限元软件ANSYS对RFQ进行高频电磁场、温度场、结构应力的耦合分析,验证了冷却方案设计的可行性和可靠性。Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou(HIRFL) consists of SFC, SSC, CSRm and CSRe. A new linac injector, which will increase U34+ to 1 MeV/u, is designed for SSC to increase the beam intensity to ten times higher. The new injector, whose frequency is 53.667 MHz, is composed by a RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) cavity and four DTL(Drift Tube Linac) cavities. The RFQ cavity, whose RF power is 30 kW, is operated at CW(continuous wave) mode. The heat produced by HF (high frequency) electromagnetic will cause deformation of RFQ structure, lead to the resonant frequency shift, and reduce the focusing efficiency of the cavity. An efficient cooling system is necessary to ensure that the RFQ cavity can stably be operated at the nominal frequency. A detailed multi-physics field coupling analysis of RFQ has been finished with 3D finite elements software ANSYS. The result of the analysis shows that the water cooling system can cool the RFQ cavity fully and keep the frequency drift be in a acceptable level.     

A Particle-in-cell scheme of the RFQ in the SSC-Linac

A 52 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole （RFQ） linear accelerator （linac） is designed to serve as an initial structure for the SSC-Linac system （injector into Separated Sector Cyclotron）.The designed injection and output energy are 3.5 keV/u and 143 keV/u,respectively.The beam dynamics in this RFQ have been studied using a three-dimensional Particle-In-Cell （PIC） code BEAMPATH.Simulation results show that this RFQ structure is characterized by stable values of beam transmission effciency （at least 95%） for both zerocurrent mode and the space charge dominated regime.The beam accelerated in the RFQ has good quality in both transverse and longitudinal directions,and could easily be accepted by Drift Tube Linac （DTL）.The effect of the vane error and that of the space charge on the beam parameters have been studied as well to define the engineering tolerance for RFQ vane machining and alignment.     

RFQ加速器同时加速同荷质比正负离子的实验研究

阐述了利用北京大学26MHz 300keV整体分离环高频四极场(ISR RFQ)加速器同时加速同荷质比正负离子的研究结果.分别用O⁺和O^－离子的连续束以及脉冲束同时注入,均实现了RFQ加速器对同荷质比正负离子的同时加速.用快靶测得的经RFQ腔同时加速后形成的O⁺及O^－离子微脉冲束与预想的正负氧离子微脉冲束相位关系完全一致.证实了同时加速时得到的氧离子束总和明显高于单加速一种离子时得到的氧离子束.在国际上首次实现了用RFQ加速器同时加速同荷质比的正负离子.     

A new compact structure for a high intensity low-energy heavy-ion accelerator

A new compact accelerating structure named Hybrid RFQ is proposed to accelerate a high-intensity low-energy heavy ion beam in HISCL （High Intensive heavy ion SuperConducting Linear accelerator）, which is an injector of HIAF （Heavy Ion Advanced Research Facility）. It is combined by an alternative series of acceleration gaps and RFQ sections. The proposed structure has a high accelerating ability compared with a conventional RFQ and is more compact than traditional DTLs. A Hybrid RFQ is designed to accelerate 238U34＋ from 0.38 MeV/u to 1.33 MeV/u. The operation frequency is described to be 81.25 MHz at CW （continuous wave） mode. The design beam current is 1.0 mA. The results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ show that the structure has a good performance at the energy range for ion acceleration. The emittance growth is less than 5% in both directions and the RF power is less than 150 kW. In this paper, the results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ are presented.     

Preliminary design and simulation of a 162.5 MHz high-intensity proton RFQ for an accelerator driven system

A new procedure for the design and simulation of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator has been developed at the Argonne National Laboratory. This procedure is integrated with the beam dynamics design code DESRFQ and the simulation code TRACK, which are based on three-dimensional field calculations and the particle-in-cell mode beam dynamics simulations. This procedure has been applied to the development of a 162.5 MHz CW RFQ which is capable of delivering a 10 mA proton beam for the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) of the CAS. The simulation results show that this RFQ structure is characterized by the stable values of the beam acceleration efficiency for both the zero current beam and space charge dominated beam. For an average beam current of 10 mA, there is no transverse rms emittance growth, the longitudinal rms emittance at the exit of RFQ is low enough and there is no halo formation. The beam accelerated in the RFQ could be accepted easily and smoothly by the following super-conducting linear accelerator.     

一米长四翼型RFQ调谐研究(英文)

为获取ADS工程中四翼型RFQ加速器在设计、调谐和运行等方面的经验,设计和建造了一台一米长四翼型RFQ加速器。该RFQ的设计频率为162.5 MHz,但是测量结果显示即使没有调谐器时,腔体的频率也为163.7 MHz。为降低腔体频率,使用四线模型理论进行了分析并重新设计了腔体的端板。使用了二极模稳定杆来加大四极频率与相邻二极频率的间隔。最终测量结果显示,在腔体电压分布没有大的波动的情况下腔体频率达到了设计频率。同时,腔体Q值降低了1%,这就要求需要更多的功率注入腔体。使用水对二极模稳定杆进行了冷却,以便腔体能够稳定工作。     

中国散裂中子源RFQ的热分析

射频四级场(RFQ)加速器的水冷具有以下两种功用: 首先它可以把射频场发热带走, 维持RFQ腔的热稳定性及限制RFQ强体形变幅度; 其次, 当RFQ失谐时, 它还可以用来进行RFQ的调谐, 而同时又基本不影响RFQ的射频场分布. 由于RFQ粒子的传输效率对射频场的分布极其敏感, 在RFQ的运行中不再采用传统的用调谐器对RFQ进行调谐的方法. 本文通过热分析, 确定了RFQ加速器的水冷管道的数量和布局及最佳工作水温; 确定了RFQ失谐时, 如何利用水温变化来对RFQ进行调谐的方法.     

973 RFQ 水冷调谐系统(英文)

由于束流的传输效率对射频四极场加速器(RFQ) 中射频场的分布极其敏感,所以在RFQ 的运行过程中不再采用传统的调谐器调谐RFQ。水冷调谐的方法基本上不影响RFQ 射频场的分布,所以适用于RFQ 的调谐。中国科学院高能物理研究所为C-ADS、CSNS 预研RFQ 项目开发建造了一套水冷调谐系统,使用RF 相位差作为控制量进行RFQ 水冷调谐,相位差的控制精度达到了1°运行结果显示该系统满足了RFQ 的调谐需求。介绍了该系统的水冷系统、调谐控制系统和一些运行经验。Since the beam transmission of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole(RFQ) Accelerator is very sensitive to the field profile, the ordinary frequency tuning method by the local movable tuner is no more adopted in an RFQ operation. The tuning method by controlling cooling water temperature is widely adopted to tune the RFQ due to the less affect on the RFQ field profile. A Resonance Control Cooling System (RCCS) is developed and commissioned for the 973 RFQ,which is a R&D project for C-ADS and CSNS RFQ at IHEP. This system adopts the RF phase difference as control variable to tune the RFQ. The control accuracy of the RF phase difference is about 1°. The running of the 973 RFQ shows that the RCCS works very well and fully satisfies the operation requirement of the RFQ. In this paper, the water skid, resonance control system of the RCCS and the operation experiences will be presented.     

Tuner design and RF test of a four-rod RFQ

A mini-vane four-rod radio frequency quadruple (RFQ) accelerator has been built for neutron imaging. The RFQ will operate at 201.5 MHz, and its length is 2.7 m. The original electric field distribution along the electrodes is not flat. The resonant frequency needs to be tuned to the operating value. And the frequency needs to be compensated for temperature change during high power RF test and beam test. As tuning such a RFQ is difficult, plate tuners and stick tuners are designed. This paper will present the tuners design, the tuning procedure, and the RF properties of the RFQ.

     

Frequency tuning with RFQ temperature in China ADS Injector Ⅱ

A 162.5 MHz four-vane radio frequency quadruple(RFQ) accelerator has been developed at the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) for Injector II of the China ADS linac. The RFQ will operate in continuous wave mode at 100 k W. For the designed 10 mA beam, the additional RF power dissipation will induce a very large reflection of power. A water-temperature controlling system will be used to reduce the power reflection by tuning the frequency of the RFQ. The tuning capability of the water temperature is studied under different configurations of cooling water.Simulations and experiment are compared in this paper. The experimental results agree well with simulation using ANSYS. This can be used as a reference to tune the RFQ in beam commissioning.     

四杆与四翼型RFQ内的二极场研究

RFQ (射频四极透镜) 是直线加速器中最重要的前级聚焦加速结构，其工作模式下束流孔中的电场四极对称性是保证束流品质及加速效率的关键。为了解决其各自存在的工作模式下四极场的不对称问题，分别对四杆型RFQ 和四翼型RFQ 的结构和模式谐振特性做了研究。针对四翼型RFQ，模拟显示双端口对称耦合的方式从抵消二极模式和提高结构对称性两方面来达到削弱工作模式下的场分布中二极量的目的，对一个1 m段四翼RFQ 模型腔的测量证实了双端口对称耦合抵消腔内二极模式的有效性；针对四杆型RFQ 的二极场，以SSC-Linac 项目的RFQ 为原型，利用三维模拟计算软件CST-MWS 进行模拟，通过改进支撑板的结构并调整参数，完全地消除了工作模式下的极间二极场，且理论上此种改进方法对支撑板结构的四杆型RFQ 均有效。Radio Frequency Quadruple(RFQ) is the most important front-end acceleration structure in linear accelerators.It can focus and accelerate beam in longitudinal and transversal direction, simultaneously. Symmetric of electric field in acceleration aperture is very important for the beam dynamics. To an idea RFQ, there is only quadruple electric field in the acceleration aperture. The dipole field in aperture is harmful and need be as small as possible. The methods to reduce it are studied in a four-rod RFQ and a four-vane RFQ in the article ndependently. To a four-vane RFQ, the symmetrical double-port couplers are employed to counteract the neighboring dipole modes. The availability is confirmed by the simulation with the 3-D Finite Element tool, CST-MWS. And it is also observed by measuring a model-cavity with a symmetrical double-port couplers. To a four-rod RFQ, a new structure of stems is proposed to reduce the dipole mode.Taking the RFQ for the SSC-LINAC project as example, the dipole mode contributions to the electric filed is completely eliminated by selecting stem’s parameters carefully. It is confirmed by the simulation of CST-MWS. heoretically, this method is independent with the frequency of an RFQ and serves for all RFQs with 4-rod or 4-wane structure.