铜催化的共轭硅化反应的研究进展

有机硅化合物在有机合成中具有广泛的应用.它可以经过简单的反应转化为一系列的功能性的化合物.铜催化的不饱和化合物的共轭硅化反应是一种重要的合成有机硅化合物的方法.综述了铜催化的不饱和化合物的共轭硅化反应的发展过程及用于硅化反应的硅试剂的发展历程,重点总结了近些年的相关报道,尤其是不对称共轭硅化反应的进展.     

如何教给同学系统的，巩固的化学基础知识

在中学化学教学大纲上指示,中学化学教学的基本任务:“第一就是使学生获得一定的系统的和巩固的化学基本知识……。”我觉得这样的要求是非常恰当的。系统的鞏固的化学基本知识,就不是零碎的、片面的、散乱的一堆化学材料,而是系统的、科学的、自然界物质变化的规律;不是无用的、累赘的、死板的知识,而是学了化学之後,能获得合乎高等学校要求的化学基础,或是直接为国家的生产建设服务。因而在正确的进行系统的、鞏固的基本化学知识的讲授     

编者的话

在过去几年中,化学通报,无论在质的方面或量的方面,都有不少的进步,在这里边,作者的支持和读者的关怀,都起了很大的作用。值此新年佳节,我们谨向作者和读者祝贺并致谢意。“中国共产党第八次全国代表大会关于政治报告的决议”里指出了文化教育以及科学事业的发展,对于国家工业化的重要性。在周恩来同志的“关于发展国民经济的第二个五年计划的建议的报告”里,也把提高高等教育的和中等教育的质量作为一项任务。化学通报的主要服务对象,仍然和过去一样,是中等学校教师和大中学生。它的质量的高低,对于国家当前的任务完成的好坏,有直接的影响。我们愿和全国的化学工作者,共同努力,把通报的质量,进一步提高。     

DNA上电荷转移的理论研究

DNA上电荷的转移过程对许多生物化学和生物物理过程起着相当重要的作用，而本论文的主要研究方向即是利用动力学的方法发展双链模型研究DNA上电荷转移过程。根据已有的donor-bridge-acceptor模型的基本想法，论文给出了双链模型的哈密尔顿算符，解释了环境振子哈密尔顿算符与总的哈密尔顿算符中耦合项的关系。在双链模型的计算中，获得了良好的电荷密度衰减曲线。在对桥链长度变化的计算中，得出具有3或4个碱基对的桥链作为电荷转移机理的转折点，在这个折点两边的不同桥链长度的DNA链具有不同的衰减常数。而在对序列变化的计算中，可以看出，由于碱基之间的转移积分的差异导致了不同序列的链上电荷转移速度具有明显的差异，但是这种差异要远小于由于桥链长度不同而带来的速率的快慢。     

物质的量的测量向摩尔溯源的标准

1 物质的量的基本单位——摩尔 物质的量的基本概念起源于完全确定的化学物质的本质属性—一存在的数目,换句话说起源于物质的特殊性质。按照这种理解表示“量”的最简单的方法就是指示所研究物质的粒子个数。单元是表述物质微粒数的一个合适的单位。然而,由于处理很大的数不方便,就选用了一个大的微粒数,组成一个     

从高考化学实验题的特点谈实验复习要"形神"兼备

随着高考改革的深入,能力考查的比重将越来越大。而实验题又正是综合能力考查的首选题型之一。对实验题的特点及导向进行分析会有效地提高化学实验复习的质量。1高考化学实验题的特点及导向分析近几年高考化学实验的都具备以下共同的特点:(1)形式上不再出现大型装置的连接,均是小型的又带有研究性的试题。(2)命题的立意上往往用常规搭建平台考查创新。如2002年化学实验的考查,既有氨气的制备方法的常规考查,又有喷泉实验装置的改进创新;2003年的既有制氢氧化亚铁的常规考查,又有氢氧化亚铁的制取的改进和创新。(3)重操作细节的考查。如2002…     

结构化学展望

结构化学是探讨化学物质的微观结构以及它和宏观性能之间相互关系的基础科学,是化学学科的一个重要分支。这里所谓微观结构,指的是原子-分子层次的结构,包括分子中原子的空间排列以及原子基团之间的相对空间排布;分子的各种内部运动,包括分子的转动,原子间的振动和其中电子的运动;这些不连续的(即量子化的)运动状态给出的能级的分布。经典的化学结构理论曾经正确地指出:物质的内部结构完全决定了它的典型化学反应性能(实际上也同时决定了大部分其它方面的性能);反过来,通过这些典型化学反应性能的研究,原则上也应该能定出化     

泽林斯基学派底发展道路(一)

一、烃类的合成二、烃的相互转变三、关于石油成因的研究四、■■类的催化反应五、硫化物的催化反应六、关于蛋白质化学的研究社会主义劳动英雄,泽林斯基院士是苏联著名的化学家。他曾经领导过卓越的化学学派,在碳氢化合物化学的研究中表现了出色的成就,他也是有机化合物催化反应创始人之一,对於苏联的有机化学工业作出了杰出的贡献。他发明了防毒面具,在第一次世界大战中拯救了十万人的生命。此外,在一、烃类的合成二、烃的互相转变三、关于石油成因的研究四、杂环类的催化反应五、硫化物的催化反应六、关於蛋白质化学的研究     

11R(-)-双氢青蒿酸的分离鉴定和青蒿酸的同位素标记

青蒿素是中药青蒿抗疟的有效成份。青蒿素不仅具有新颖的倍半萜结构,而且又有突出的抗疟药效。我们小组进行了它的生物合成的研究,以了解自然界合成这类物质的途径,生物合成中间体的分离鉴定,中间体的同位素标记和标记了的中间体的生物转化是生物合成研究的     

Mg-Ni-Y三元合金形成非晶的成分范围

基于形成非晶的热力学观点提出了一种定量预测三元合金形成非晶成分范围的方法，该方法通过比较晶态固溶体的自由能和相应的非晶态的自由能来确定成分范围。在自由能的计算中，三元系的热力学数据由相应的3个二元系的热力学数据由Toop模型外推得到，形成焓的数据则通过Miedems理论的计算得出。用该方法对Mg-Ni-Y三元合金系形成非晶的成分范围进行了计算，其理论预测的形成非晶的成分范围与已有的实验结果相符，说明用该方法对三元合金非晶化的成分范围的定量预测是合理的。     

三明治式双极膜的制备及其光催化性能

以Cr3+交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为阳膜层,戊二醛改性壳聚糖(CS)作为阴膜层,纳米TiO2光催化剂作为双极膜的中间层,在TiO2上涂布光敏剂八羟基喹啉（Oxine）以增强其光催化解离水的性能,制备了三明治式的双极膜（mCMC/TiO2-Oxine/mCS BPM)。 该双极膜在紫外光照射下,具有高的水解离效率,优良的亲水性能,双极膜阻抗小,工作电压低,当工作电流密度达0.12 A/cm2时,电槽工作电压小于5.0 V。     

咪草烟分子印迹聚合物的制备及其选择性吸附性能的研究

以丙烯酸为聚合单体,TMPTA为交联剂,AIBN为引发剂,咪草烟为模板分子,采用在低温光聚合的方法,制备了对咪草烟分子具有选择性识别能力的分子印迹聚合物．通过IR和HPLC表征,咪草烟分子印迹聚合物对咪草烟分子具有良好的识别作用．     

Controlled release of volatiles under mild reaction conditions: from nature to everyday products

Volatile organic compounds serve in nature as semiochemicals for communication between species, and are often used as flavors and fragrances in our everyday life. The quite limited longevity of olfactive perception has led to the development of pro-perfumes or pro-fragrances--ideally nonvolatile and odorless fragrance precursors which release the active volatiles by bond cleavage. Only a limited amount of reaction conditions, such as hydrolysis, temperature changes, as well as the action of light, oxygen, enzymes, or microorganisms, can be used to liberate the many different chemical functionalities. This Review describes the controlled chemical release of fragrances and discusses additional challenges such as precursor stability during product storage as well as some aspects concerning toxicity and biodegradability. As the same systems can be applied in different areas of research, the scope of this Review covers fragrance delivery as well as the controlled release of volatiles in general.     

Macromolecular chemistry and medicine

Macromolecular substances are used in medicine both as materials and as reagents. In the former category polymers serve as replacements for soft tissue, as cardiovascular and orthopedic implants, and as adhesives. When employed as reagents, macromolecules interact with living tissue and play an active part in bodily repair processes.     

Enzyme-based biocatalysis for the treatment of organic pollutants and bioenergy production

Enzyme-based biocatalysis is emerging as an advanced technique to develop green processes that help to maintain the sustainability of the environment. The bioremediation of toxic organic pollutants and waste to bioenergy production using enzymes as biocatalysts is rapidly growing due to its eco-friendly and sustainable nature. Additionally, a range of microbial species that typically grow on organic wastes can be used to produce these enzymes in an efficient manner. This is seen as a potential strategy for the development of cost-effective manufacturing for a number of biotechnological applications. The present study discusses biocatalysis as a promising and sustainable method toward the bioremediation of hazardous organic pollutants as well as for bioenergy production, based on the immense potential of enzymes as biocatalysts. Emphasis has been placed on evaluating the critical elements that can enhance the production of enzymes used as biocatalysts, as well as their functional effectiveness and stability.     

Combining enabling techniques in organic synthesis: continuous flow processes with heterogenized catalysts

The concepts article describes enabling techniques (solid-phase assisted synthesis, new reactor design, microwave irradiation and new solvents) in organic chemistry and emphasizes the combination of several of them for creating new synthetic technology platforms. Particular focus is put on the combination of immobilized catalysts as well as biocatalysts with continuous flow processes. In this context, the PASSflow continuous flow technique fulfils both chemical as well as chemical engineering requirements. It combines reactor design with optimized, monolithic solid phases as well as reversible immobilization techniques for performing small as well as large scale synthesis with heterogenized catalysts under continuous flow conditions.     

双氧水氧化环己烯催化合成己二酸研究进展

评述了近年来以环己烯为底物,双氧水为氧源,分别采用钨酸盐、钨酸、杂多酸及杂多酸盐、功能化分子筛和负载离子液体等为催化剂催化合成己二酸的研究进展.     

Dithiocarbamates as Precursors in Organic Chemistry; Synthesis and Uses

Abstract

Organic dithiocarbamates have received great attention due to their interesting chemistry and wide utility as radical precursors and intermediates in organic synthesis. They also have found many of applications, that is, in agriculture and medicine. They are in use as pesticides, as well as in the rubber industries as vulcanization accelerators; and as antioxidants. Because they exhibit strong metal-binding capacity, they can act as in inhibitors of enzymes and have a profound effect on biological systems. Moreover, they have found application in the treatment of cancer and HIV.     

新型全息用光致聚合物的研究

研制了一种新型全息用光致聚合物材料,其成膜树脂为胺固化环氧体系,全息记录组分为光引发自由基聚合体系.用新合成的高效光敏染料DEAMC做光敏剂,通过配方调整,制备了一系列的样片,以457 nm的蓝光为记录光,632.8 nm的红光为探针光,研究了样片的衍射效率、灵敏度、折射率调制度等全息性能.结果表明,通过调整材料的配方组成、各组分的含量及样片的膜厚等因素,可以优化样片的全息性能.对样片的信噪比损失(LSNR)测试结果表明,在全息存储的曝光量范围内对样片曝光引起的图像信噪比损失仅有0.40 dB,说明样片的光学质量高,在全息存储上将具有很好的应用前景.     

Chemical reaction and Soret effects on MHD convective flow of second grade fluid through an absorbent medium with ramped wall temperature as well as ramped surface concentration

In the present paper, the heat generating and/or absorption as well as thermo-diffusion on the unsteady free convection MHD gyrating flow of radiation and chemical reactive second grade fluid past an unbounded perpendicular plate during absorbent medium have been discussed. Here, it is assumed that, the confining plate has the ramped wall temperature with ramped surface concentration and isothermal temperature with ramped surface concentration. The analytical solutions for the governing equations are found by utilization of Laplace transformation methodology. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed with quite few figures. It is determined that, velocity, temperature and concentration distribution sketches in case of ramped temperature as well as ramped surface concentration are not as much of as those of isothermal temperature as well as ramped surface concentration. In addition to the idioms of skin friction, Nusselt number as well as Sherwood number are achieved and characterized numerically with tabular format.