基于固体酶催化反应电化学测定酶含量

提出了以固体辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)对过氧化氢氧化邻苯二胺的催化作用为基础的测定HRP及其标记物的电化学方法.测定中以Au-Pt/PAN/GCE为工作电极,并详细叙述其制备过程.将一定浓度的HRP按规定方法固定在上述修饰电极上制得HRP/Au-Pt/PAN/GCE修饰电极,将此电极浸入含5.0×10-3mol·L-1邻苯二胺及2.5×10-3mol·L-1过氧化氢的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 5.0)中,反应10 min后将电极取出,记录溶液中酶催化反应产物的方波伏安峰及峰电流.结果表明:酶催化反应前,底物在工作电极上于-0.488 V(vs.SCE)处有明显的还原峰,在酶催化反应后,在-0.584 V处出现一个更大的还原峰,电位负移160 mV,且峰电流明显增大.峰电流值(Ip)与修饰在Au-Pt/PAN/GCE电极上的HRP的含量在1.0×10-2～2.0×102μg·L-1之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为3.0 ng·L-1.     

水相中辣根过氧化物酶的反应动力学和机理研究

利用分光光度法 ,对水相中辣根过氧化物酶与底物反应的最适反应条件进行了研究 .同时 ,用停流法探讨了 2 5℃时辣根过氧化物酶反应过程中各种中间化合物的形成和消失速度 ;并用停流光谱法对稳态动力学的研究结果进行了验证     

反相微乳液中辣根过氧化物酶催化反应的研究

研究了辣根过氧化物酶（ＨｏｒｓｅｒａｄｉｓｈＰｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＨＲＰ）在ＡＯＴ／水／异辛烷微乳液中的多底物酶促反应行为．实验结果表明，反相胶束中动力学反应机制与纯水中不同，并且利用紫外可见光度法研究了中间化合物Ⅲ在２种不同介质中的稳定性．     

固定化辣根过氧化物酶在有机/水混合溶液中的电化学

用魔芋多糖(KGM)将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定在玻碳电极(GCE)表面, 制备了HRP-KGM膜修饰电极. 在乙醇等亲水性有机溶剂与水的混合溶液中, 包埋在KGM中的HRP 可以与电极发生直接电子传递, 且能催化还原过氧化氢、氢过氧化异丙基苯、氢过氧化叔丁基、过氧化丁酮等过氧化物. HRP-KGM膜修饰电极具有较好的稳定性和重现性, 可用于这些物质的定量检测.     

碳纳米管电极上辣根过氧化物酶的直接电化学

制备了碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(CNT/GC).将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定在CNT/GC电极表面,形成HRP-CNT/GC电极.研究了HRP的直接电子转移.实验结果表明,HRP在CNT/GC电极表面能进行有效和稳定的直接电子转移反应,其循环伏安曲线上表现出一对良好的、几乎对称的氧化还原峰;式量电位E^0'几乎不随扫速(至少在20～100 mV/s的扫速范围内)而变化,其平均值为(-0.319±0.002) V (vs. SCE, pH 6.9); HRP在CNT/GC电极表面直接电子转移的速率常数为(2.07±0.56) s^-1;式量电位E^0'与溶液pH 的关系表明HRP的直接电化学是(1e+1H⁺)的电极过程.进一步的实验结果显示,固定在CNT/GC电极表面的HRP能保持其对H₂O₂还原的生物电催化活性,而且能快速地响应H₂O₂浓度的变化.本文制备碳纳米管修饰电极和固定酶的方法具有简单和易于操作等优点,可用于获得其它生物氧化还原蛋白质和酶的直接电子转移.     

辣根过氧化物酶直接电化学传感器检测过氧化物的研究

该文以高比表面积的泡沫镍电极(Ni foam)为基础,通过电沉积碳纳米管(CNTs)制备了CNTs/Ni foam。然后在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的辅助下,通过一步法电沉积纳米金(AuNPs)将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定到电极表面,制备了HRP-AuNPs/CNTs/Ni foam直接电化学酶传感器。并采用SEM、能谱(EDS)和电化学方法对该电极进行了表征,优化了测试电位和pH值,将该传感器对过氧化氢及2种有机过氧化物进行了检测。结果表明,该传感器性能良好,对过氧化氢、过氧化氢异丙苯、2-过氧化丁酮具有良好的催化检测性能,其检出限分别为1.2×10~(-7)、4.5×10~(-7)、2.5×10~(-7) mol/L。     

反相胶束对辣根过氧化物酶催化反应的影响

胶束体系是酶学研究比较理想的体系,因为它所具有的诸如热力学稳定、光学透明及能增溶亲水分子、亲油分子或两性分子等性质,使许多酶在胶束体系中的反应速率远远高于在水相中,即人们发现的所谓“超活性”［‘j．辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）是一种比较稳定的酶,且价廉易得,具备一般过氧化物酶的典型反应．在研究中人们发现,HRP在反相胶束体系中同样具有“超活性”,由于HRP能够催化大量底物进行反应,因此“超活性”对HRP的催化反应具有重要意义．已有研究者［’、’j对CTAB反相胶束体系中HRP的性质进行了探讨,但反相胶束对HRP的…     

辣根过氧化物酶反应的化学动力学分析

用辣根过氧化物酶来处理废水中的苯酚和氯酚为许多人所关注。采用停流快速混合技术，利用快速扫描紫外可见分光光度计得到辣根过氧化物酶催化过氧化氢氧化苯酚聚合过程的瞬态光谱数据。对此测量数据矩阵用正交投影及遗传算法解析后，确定体系中产生紫外吸收的物种数，及辣根过氧化物酶中间体形式的纯光谱信息，进而解出反应过程中各组分的动力学曲线。     

辣根过氧化物酶在表面活性剂膜中的直接电化学

利用3种表面活性剂分别将辣根过氧化氢酶固定在裂解石墨棱面（edge-plane pyrolytic graphite,EPG)电极表面,研究了辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）中Fe(Ⅲ）／Fe（Ⅱ）电对与电极之间的直接电子传递过程以及酶催化双氧化还原过程。实验结果表明：（1）表面活性剂是一种固定酶的理想材料;（2）这种体系可能构造第三代生物传感器,对解释生物体代谢过程具有理论意义,对制备第三代生物传感器具有应用价值。     

辣根过氧化物酶在海藻酸钠水凝胶中的电化学和电催化特性

辣根过氧化物酶在海藻酸钠水凝胶中的电化学和电催化特性;辣根过氧化物酶;海藻酸钠;直接电化学电;催化     

Fabrication of Active Horseradish Peroxidase Micropatterns with a High Resolution by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

We used a new reactive species OH^? to fabricate active horseradish peroxidase (HRP) micropatterns with a high resolution by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) coupled with a carbon fiber disk electrode as the SECM tip. In this method, except for active HRP micropatterns predesigned other regions on a HRP‐immobilized substrate were deactivated by OH^? generated at the tip held at ?1.7 V in 1.0 mol/L KCl containing 2.0×10^?3 mol/L benzoquinone (BQ) (pH 8.0). The feedback mode of SECM with a tip potential of ?0.2 V was used to characterize the active HRP micropatterns in 1.0 mol/L KCl containing 2.0×10^?3 mol/L BQ and 2.0×10^?3 mol/L H₂O₂.     

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Individual Catalytic Nanoparticles

Electrochemistry at individual metal nanoparticles (NPs) can provide new insights into their electrocatalytic behavior. Herein, the electrochemical activity of single AuNPs attached to the catalytically inert carbon surface is mapped by using extremely small (≥3 nm radius) polished nanoelectrodes as tips in the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The use of such small probes resulted in the spatial resolution significantly higher than in previously reported electrochemical images. The currents produced by either rapid electron transfer or the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction at a single 10 or 20 nm NP were measured and quantitatively analyzed. The developed methodology should be useful for studying the effects of nanoparticle size, geometry, and surface attachment on electrocatalytic activity in real‐world application environment.     

Direct Electrochemical Reaction of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on the Surface of Active Carbon Powders

It is reported for the first time that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on the active carbon can undergo a direct quasi-reversible electrochemical reaction.In addition,the immobilized HRP showed the stable bioelectrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2.     

扫描电化学显微镜沉积六氰合铁酸盐微阵及其催化活性成像

采用扫描电化学显微技术在玻碳电极表面沉积出K₂Cu[Fe(CN)₆]和K₂Fe[Fe(CN)₆]微阵, 并对所得的微阵结构进行了可视化表征. 铜微电极和镀铁铂微电极阳极化产生金属离子, 然后与玻碳电极(基底电极)上还原产生的[Fe(CN)₆]^4－在微区生成六氰合铁酸盐沉淀, 操纵探针以跳跃沉积方式可以得到沉淀的点阵结构. 通过改变K₃[Fe(CN)₆]的浓度和沉积时间可以调整沉淀斑的直径和厚度. 扫描电化学显微镜成像表明微阵结构对多巴胺的氧化和过氧化氢的还原有明显的电催化作用.     

Investigation of Active and Inactivated Yeast Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Impedance Microscopy

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical impedance microscopy (SEIM) were used to investigate electrochemical activity of active and inactivated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. SEIM experiment was performed using a unique electrochemical impedance spectrometer with a fast Fourier transform (FFT‐EIS) function, which enabled simultaneously perturb/evaluate electrochemical system at 50 frequencies. This allowed very quick observing the differences between impedance spectra, which were taken every few seconds. Therefore, we were able to apply SEIM for relatively fast determination of electrochemical impedance dependence on the distance between ultramicroelectrode (UME) and surface modified by immobilized yeast cells. It was determined that electrochemical activity and ‘breathing’ (a consumption of dissolved oxygen) of yeast can be electrochemically observed when the distance between UME and surface of yeast cells is in the range from 0 μm to 25 μm. Therefore, 25 μm is the maximum distance suitable for efficient investigation of yeast cell activity when experiments are performed in FFT‐SEIM mode. Charge transfer resistance of active and inactivated yeast cells was determined using EIS. It was calculated that charge transfer resistance of active yeast cells is 1.5 times lower than that of inactivated yeast cells. Lipophilic vitamin K₃ (Vit‐K₃) and hydrophilic vitamin K₁ (Vit‐K₁) were mixtured and used as redox mediators for charge transfer from yeast cells.     

Electrochemical Detection of Horseradish Peroxidase at Zeptomole Level

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is the archetypal heme peroxidase. The determination of HRP is considerably important in clinical chemistry and analytical biochemistry, because HRP is the commonly used enzyme label for immunological detection systems1. We developed a novel method based on its catalytic reaction. A capillary catalytic reaction system was designed (Figure 1). In the assay, both HRP and H2O2 are injected into the polyacrylamide-coated injection capillary (10) by electromig…     

Catalytic Activity of Alkali Metal Cations for the Chemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Biphasic Liquid System Probed by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Chemical reduction of dioxygen in organic solvents for the production of reactive oxygen species or the concomitant oxidation of organic substrates can be enhanced by the separation of products and educts in biphasic liquid systems. Here, the coupled electron and ion transfer processes is studied as well as reagent fluxes across the liquid|liquid interface for the chemical reduction of dioxygen by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) in a dichloroethane-based organic electrolyte forming an interface with an aqueous electrolyte containing alkali metal ions. This interface is stabilized at the orifice of a pipette, across which a Galvani potential difference is externally applied and precisely adjusted to enforce the transfer of different alkali metal ions from the aqueous to the organic electrolyte. The oxygen reduction is followed by H₂O₂ detection in the aqueous phase close to the interface by a microelectrode of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The results prove a strong catalytic effect of hydrated alkali metal ions on the formation rate of H₂O₂, which varies systematically with the acidity of the transferred alkali metal ions in the organic phase.