生物组织多光谱偏振特性研究

生物组织内部结构复杂且具有较强的散射特性,而光作为生物组织检测的重要信息载体,其自身特性包括颜色、幅值、偏振等都对信息获取有较大的影响.结合偏振成像,对生物组织多光谱偏振特性展开了研究,依据不同微粒尺寸的分布建立了均匀单层生物组织模型,结合瑞利和米氏散射理论模拟了基于单个微粒的两种散射事件.瑞利散射具有较好的前向后向散...     

Multiple scattering of polarized light in a turbid medium

It is shown that multiple scattering of polarized light in a turbid medium can be represented as independent propagation of three basic modes: intensity and linearly and circularly polarized modes. Weak interaction between the basic modes can be described by perturbation theory and gives rise to “overtones” (additional polarization modes). Transport equations for the basic and additional modes are derived from a vector radiative transfer equation. Analytical solutions to these equations are found in the practically important cases of diffusive light propagation and small-angle multiple scattering. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental and numerical results and provide an explanation for the experimentally observed difference in depolarization between linearly and circularly polarized waves.     

不同波长的散射介质后向散射光偏振度特性

基于Stockes矢量,通过测量以线偏振光和圆偏振光入射时脂肪乳剂后向散射光的偏振度,研究了532nm、650nm和780nm三个波长的光与散射粒子粒径为325nm的脂肪乳剂溶液作用后,其后向散射光的偏振度特性.研究结果表明,对于入射线偏振光,780nm波长后向散射光中的线偏振光成分多于圆偏振光成分,而532nm波长则相反;对于入射圆偏振光,三个波长后向散射光中的圆偏振光成分均多于线偏振光成分;532nm波长的总偏振度高于650nm和780nm两个波长各自的总偏振度;线偏振光的保偏性优于圆偏振光的保偏性,但偏振光在散射介质中的穿透深度较小.因此,后向散射成像技术适用于物体表层成像,而且选择波长略大于粒径的线偏振光可以提高成像质量.     

不同波长的散射介质后向散射光偏振度特性

基于Stockes矢量,通过测量以线偏振光和圆偏振光入射时脂肪乳剂后向散射光的偏振度,研究了532 nm、650 nm和780 nm三个波长的光与散射粒子粒径为325 nm的脂肪乳剂溶液作用后,其后向散射光的偏振度特性.研究结果表明,对于入射线偏振光,780 nm波长后向散射光中的线偏振光成分多于圆偏振光成分,而532 nm波长则相反;对于入射圆偏振光,三个波长后向散射光中的圆偏振光成分均多于线偏振光成分;532 nm波长的总偏振度高于650 nm和780 nm两个波长各自的总偏振度;线偏振光的保偏性优于圆偏振光的保偏性,但偏振光在散射介质中的穿透深度较小.因此,后向散射成像技术适用于物体表层成像,而且选择波长略大于粒径的线偏振光可以提高成像质量.     

不同偏振飞秒激光经块状材料传输后的脉宽压缩

实验研究了线偏振和圆偏振状态下的飞秒强激光脉冲在块状材料中的传输过程。不同偏振的激光脉冲在传输过程中得到了不同程度的光谱展宽,经色散补偿后,脉冲时域宽度均得到了压缩。详细分析了压缩脉冲的脉宽以及啁啾情况与入射激光脉冲能量之间的关系,比较了飞秒激光在线偏振及圆偏振情况下的不同压缩效果。在线偏振入射光情况下得到了最短21fs的压缩脉冲宽度,在圆偏振情况下得到的最短脉冲宽度为22fs。实验结果表明,这种光谱展宽与色散补偿方式对圆偏振光同样适用,而且圆偏振的入射激光将更有利于对更高能量的脉冲进行压缩。在色散补偿量相同的情况下,压缩效果随入射脉冲能量变化的规律符合理论估计。     

Time-resolved backscattering of circularly and linearly polarized light in a turbid medium

Time-resolved backscattering profiles of circularly and linearly polarized light were measured from a turbid medium composed of small and large polystyrene sphere particles in water. It is shown that, based on the measurements of the time-resolved backscattered copolarized and cross-polarized components of the incident polarized light, either linearly or circularly polarized light can be used to effectively image an object that is deep inside a turbid medium composed of small particles, depending on the depolarization properties of the object itself. For large particles such as in tissue, fog, and clouds, the experimentally observed polarization memory effect on the backscattering temporal profiles suggests that a significant improvement in the image contrast can be achieved by use of circularly polarized light.     

油雾扩散过程中浓度对偏振激光传输特性的影响

针对大气环境中粒子浓度对激光传输过程的影响问题,以油雾粒子为研究对象,利用油雾粒子在扩散过程中产生的非均匀环境,进行了偏振激光传输的半实物仿真实验。实验采用532 nm激光器,分别研究了水平线偏振光、45°线偏振光以及左旋圆偏振光在油雾扩散过程中偏振态的变化情况。利用粒度仪对扩散环境进行了量化标定。实验结果表明:在油雾扩散过程中,浓度越高,偏振度变化的随机性越大,圆偏振光的保偏性优于线偏振光。在相同浓度下,0°线偏振光对偏振态的保持性要优于45°线偏振光。在浓度极高的情况下,体积浓度为2 mg/L及其以上时,线偏振光与圆偏振光的保持性趋向一致。     

两圆偏振光以及线偏振光和圆偏振光干涉图样的衬比度

考察了两束圆偏振光之间以及线偏振光与圆偏振光之间干涉所形成图样的衬比度,并与两束线偏振光之间干涉图样的衬比度进行了比较．指出在非共面多光束干涉中有可能利用圆偏振光以改善干涉图样的整体衬比度,并简要介绍了它在光子晶体制备中的应用．     

偏振门用于对散射介质成像的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

通过蒙特卡罗模拟研究偏振光在散射介质中的传播,对通过散射介质的偏振光的强度分布进行模拟,分析了偏振门和空间滤波对成像的影响.模拟结果表明,对于Rayleigh散射体,偏振门与空间滤波可以减小散射光的影响,提高图像对比度,圆偏振光入射比线偏振光具有更高的对比度.对于Mie散射粒子,偏振门的作用有限,不同偏振光的结果差别不大.对双组分的散射介质也进行了模拟,偏振门在这种体系中仍能提高图像对比度.     

光在Metasurface中的自旋-轨道相互作用

探讨了光在Metasurface中的自旋-轨道相互作用, 理论分析了Metasurface 对圆偏振和线偏振光的转换. 结果表明: 光与具有空间非均匀性和各向异性性的Metasurface的相互作用导致了自旋-轨道角动量的耦合. 采用Metasurface与螺旋相位片组合在一起进行了验证实验, 所得实验结果与理论分析完全一致. 这些结论有助于我们更加深入理解Metasurface 对光的操控.     

椭球粒子烟雾浓度对激光偏振度影响的实验研究

以斯托克斯矢量理论为基础,通过搭建偏振传输半实物模拟装置进行模拟实验,观测激光在模拟环境(不同浓度的椭球粒子在非均匀分布状态)下偏振度(degree of polarization, DOP)的变化。实验选取灵芝孢子碳化粉末作为椭球粒子的实验对象,通过烟雾机将椭球粒子形成不同浓度的烟雾,研究入射波长为532 nm、671 nm的激光在0°、+45°、90°的线偏振光以及左旋圆偏振光经过模拟环境后偏振度(DOP)的变化情况。实验结果表明:入射偏振光随着烟雾浓度的增大,偏振度呈下降趋势;3种入射线偏振光随浓度增大降幅不尽相同,没有明显的规律可循;不同波长低浓度烟雾时,线偏振光与圆偏振光的偏振度下降幅度大抵相同,大约为3%左右;随着烟雾浓度的增大,线偏振光的偏振度表现出不同程度的下降,可达20%,圆偏振光的偏振度仅下降5%,表现出了较好的保偏能力。     

GaAs optical parametric oscillator with circularly polarized and depolarized pump

We demonstrate an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on GaAs pumped with linearly polarized and circularly polarized light and show that the relative OPO thresholds agree with theoretical expectations. For the circularly polarized pump, the threshold was as low as for the [111]-linearly polarized pump case. The pump was also passed through a Lyot depolarizer to produce pseudo-depolarized light, and the OPO threshold in this case was only 22% higher than that for [001]-linearly polarized pump.     

用基于方位分辨的漫后向散射光确定粒子尺寸分布及相对折射率

基于偏振门技术,提出了利用漫后向散射光随线偏振光入射方位的变化来测量双层模型表层的粒子尺寸分布及相对折射率。双层物理模型用来模拟上皮组织,上层分别由聚苯乙烯小球或HeLa细胞悬浮液组成,下层由脂肪乳溶液组成,每层的光学特性与上皮组织光学特性匹配。根据米氏(Mie)散射理论,建立了与散射体形态参量相关的偏振后向漫散射强度随入射偏振方位变化的理论模型,并采用浮点遗传算法反演程序获得表层粒子的尺寸分布(PSD)及相对折射率。将理论值和实验测量值进行比较。研究结果表明通过测量随方位变化的后向漫散射光的偏振差分信号,能够获得类上皮组织模型表层的形态结构信息。     

Circularly polarized localized near-field radiation at the nanoscale

Diffraction-limited circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation has been widely used in the literature for various applications at both optical and microwave frequencies. With advances in nanotechnology, emerging plasmonic nano-optical applications, such as all-optical magnetic recording, require circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation beyond the diffraction limit. In this study, a plasmonic cross-dipole nano-antenna is investigated to obtain a circularly polarized near-field optical spot with a size smaller than the diffraction limit of light. A cross-dipole nano-antenna is composed of four metallic nano-rods placed at a perpendicular orientation with respect to each other. The performance of the nano-antenna is investigated through numerical simulations. In the first part of this study, the nano-antenna is illuminated with a diffraction-limited circularly polarized radiation. An optimal antenna geometry is specified to obtain an intense optical spot that satisfies two necessary conditions for circular polarization: a phase difference of 90° and a unit amplitude ratio between the electric field components in the vicinity of the antenna gap. In the second part of this study, the nano-antenna is illuminated with diffraction-limited linearly polarized radiation. It is shown that the phase difference between the electric field components can be adjusted by selecting either different antenna lengths or different gap distances in the vertical and horizontal directions. Due to the relatively short wavelength of surface plasma waves on the antenna, it is demonstrated that the phase difference can be sufficient to obtain circularly polarized light. An optimal physical configuration for the nano-antenna and the polarization angle of the incident light is identified to obtain a circularly polarized optical spot beyond the diffraction limit from diffraction-limited linearly polarized radiation.     

混浊介质中线偏振光和圆偏振光的后向漫散射特征

以标准的组织模型Intralipid脂肪乳溶液为研究对象,采用CCD偏振成像系统,通过测量该混浊介质的后向漫散射光的斯托克斯矢量,深入研究了不同方位的线偏振光及不同旋向的圆偏振光入射时,后向漫散射光的特征.研究结果表明：对不同的入射偏振态,后向漫散射强度、偏振度的空间分布具有方位选择性,强度和偏振度的大小随距离入射点的距离增加而减小;介质浓度增加,后向散射强度增加,偏振度减小,且同一浓度下,圆偏振光的偏振度总是高于线偏振光.     

Interference of circularly polarized light: contrast and application in fabrication of three-dimensional periodic microstructures

The contrast of interference pattern formed by two circularly polarized waves and by a linearly polarized wave and a circularly polarized one is discussed. The results are compared with that by two linear beams. It shows that the use of circular light in holographic fabrication of three-dimensional periodic microstructures may remove the necessity of beam ratio and polarization optimization needed in the interference of three linear noncoplanar beams and improve the uniform contrast of resultant pattern simultaneously.     

Polarization beam splitters using polarization diffraction gratings

We report a polarization beam splitter that uses polarization gratings written onto a zero-twist nematic liquid-crystal display. We show three configurations. The first two separate the diffracted light into two orthogonally polarized orders that are either linearly or circularly polarized. In the third configuration, we demonstrate a novel case for which the output is separated into two nonorthonormal polarization states. One component is linearly polarized and the second is circularly polarized.     

Polarization-based range-gated imaging in birefringent medium:Effect of size parameter

We have investigated the effect of size parameter of the scatterer on the image quality obtained with polarization-based range-gated imaging in birefringent turbid medium. Both linearly and circularly polarized light were utilized for imaging.The simulated results indicate that the improvement of visibility is more pronounced using circularly polarized light for the birefringent medium composed of smaller-sized scatterers at lower values of optical thickness and the birefringent medium comprising larger-sized scatterers. In contrast, linearly polarized light provides better image quality for the birefringent medium composed of smaller-sized scatterers at larger values of optical thickness. The evolution of the polarization characteristics of backscattered light and target light under the conditions mentioned above was measured to account for these numerical results.     

用线偏振光产生椭圆（或圆）偏振光的另两种方法

给出用线偏振光产生椭圆（或圆）偏振光的另两种方法.     

Bright solitons in azo-doped polymers through angular hole burning and their polarization-dependence: realization of a prediction

The prediction is experimentally confirmed that bright spatial solitons can be formed in spontaneously self-defocusing azo-doped polymers through a photoisomerization process, namely, angular hole burning. The experiments are actually the realization of a scheme of light-controlling light. Both linearly polarized and circularly polarized light can propagate as solitons in such media. The solitons with the same intensity but with different polarizations have different widths. The experimental results are further theoretically explained.