径向偏振调制对聚焦光斑匀滑及偏振特性的影响

基于标量衍射理论建立了光谱色散平滑(SSD)、随机相位板(RPP)和偏振匀滑(PS)联用的光束匀滑方案数值仿真模型。以斑纹对比度和偏振度为主要评价参量,利用该模型研究了径向偏振调制的匀滑及消偏振特性。研究表明,径向偏振调制可以有效降低聚焦光斑斑纹对比度和偏振度。使用半波片拼接方式产生近似径向偏振光时,拼接单元数对匀滑及偏振特性影响较小,8片拼接的匀滑效果已与理想径向偏振光几乎一致。对比分析了径向偏振调制、正交偏振调制和双折射楔三种PS方式,结果表明,由于三种PS方式本质上的一致性,光束的匀滑及偏振特性差别较小。     

利用运动光束抑制高功率激光小尺度自聚焦

提出了近场“运动光束”的概念.指出光谱色散匀滑装置可以在近场产生运动光束,理论分析了运动光束的产生机理、条件、运动特性以及对小尺度自聚焦的抑制作用.通过数值模拟,得到计算结果与理论分析一致. 关键词： 运动光束 光谱色散匀滑 小尺度自聚焦 惯性约束聚变     

Influence of the chirp on the intensity distributions of an apertured pulse

Starting from the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral and the Fourier transform, the propagation expression of a chirped pulse passing through a hard-edged aperture is derived. Using the obtained expression, the intensity distributions of the pulse with different chirp in the near and far fields are analyzed in detail. Due to the modulation of the aperture, many intensity peaks emerge in the intensity distributions of the chirped pulse in the near field. However, the amplitudes of the intensity peaks decrease on increasing the chirp, which results in the smoothing effect in the intensity distributions. The beam smoothing brought by increasing the chirp is explained physically. Also, it is found that the radius of the intensity distribution of the chirped pulse decreases when the chirp increases in the far field.     

采用啁啾脉冲堆积的时间束平滑技术

成丝不稳定性是间接驱动靶丸均匀压缩面临的重要问题,10μm到100μm的靶面光强起伏对其影响尤为严重,须采用合理的束平滑措施加以抑制。提出用光纤系统对啁啾脉冲堆积,然后对组合脉冲做光谱角色散,利用焦斑不同时刻对应频谱成分不同形成的束平滑机制,抑制焦斑内的高频起伏。利用傅里叶变换方法推导出了光栅色散后的组合脉冲表达式。模拟结果表明,焦斑尺寸随色循环数和光栅色散方向上基准脉冲带宽的增加而增大。通过计算包含焦斑能量95%范围内的通量衬比度随时间变化的曲线,得出一个色循环、基准脉冲带宽0.3~0.5 nm下可以获得最佳的焦斑平滑效果。这种新型的时间束平滑方法结构简单且焦斑特性可调,这些优点使得它在提高靶面辐照均匀性方面具有重要的应用价值。     

Influence of spectral dispersion parameters on the beam smoothing performance of a diffractive optical element

In this paper, a theoretical model to analyze the beam smoothing performance, realized by the smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) and the diffractive optical element (DOE), is set up with the use of the spatial frequency spectra of the far-field intensity distribution. The influences of the parameters of the SSD, for example, the frequency of the electrical field, the integration time and the angular dispersion of the diffraction grating, on the beam smoothing performance of the DOE are numerically analyzed. Furthermore, the phase distortion is considered, and the simulated results show the phase distortion should be changed during the integration time in order to obtain a good performance of beam smoothing.     

Analytical model of light beam diffraction by one-dimensional electrically controlled non-uniform transmission photon PDLC structures

A mathematical model describing two-dimensional diffraction of quasi-monochromatic light beams by onedimensional electrically controlled non-uniform holographic photon structures in photopolymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) materials is presented. The model describes light field distributions in the near and far field zones with allowance for the refractive index profile in the structure, light beam divergence, and encapsulation of liquid crystal molecules.     

用于光束匀滑的连续相位板近场均匀性

 为降低高功率激光系统中连续相位板(CPP)后续元件的强激光损伤风险,综合考虑入射光强调制、干涉及衍射作用等多种影响因素,建立了CPP近场计算分析模型,模拟和分析了这些因素对CPP后的近场均匀性的影响。理论分析结果表明：CPP后的光束近场均匀性主要受入射光调制、CPP表面剩余反射率和衍射传输距离的影响;当入射光束质量较差时,CPP后的近场均匀性主要由入射光束质量决定,CPP剩余反射率和衍射传输距离对近场均匀性影响相对较小;但当光束质量比较理想时,干涉和衍射作用会破坏CPP的近场均匀性,衍射传输距离影响尤为突出。     

基于焦斑空间频率全域优化的偏振匀滑设计

偏振匀滑是利用光束偏振特性降低焦斑对比度的一种技术,它最大可降低焦斑对比度为原来的1/√2. 焦斑的频谱分析显示,传统楔形晶体的偏振匀滑对焦斑对比度的改善只集中在某些特定的空间频率,本文因此提出了一种可全域降低焦斑空间频率的偏振匀滑方法,它采用单轴晶体对入射光的角度不同而产生的相移不同的方法,实现激光两种正交偏振态在靶点的分离. 理论分析和数值模拟表明,新方法可以实现焦斑空间频率中高频段的全频域降低,焦斑对比度也可同时达到1/√2的最大程度的改善. 分析了连续相位板作为新方法引入激光入射角分布不同的条件,确定了刻蚀连续相位板面形的晶体同时实现焦斑整形和偏振匀滑的边界条件. 关键词： 偏振匀滑 焦斑功率谱 响应函数 焦斑整形     

Direct measurements of an increased threshold for stimulated brillouin scattering with polarization smoothing in ignition hohlraum plasmas

We demonstrate a significant reduction of stimulated Brillouin scattering by polarization smoothing in large-scale high-temperature hohlraum plasma conditions where filamentation is measured to be negligible. The stimulated Brillouin scattering experimental threshold (defined as the intensity at which 5% of the incident light is backscattered) is measured to increase by a factor of 1.7+/-0.2 when polarization smoothing is applied. An analytical model relevant to inertial confinement fusion plasma conditions shows that the measured reduction in backscatter with polarization smoothing results from the random spatial variation in polarization of the laser beam, not from the reduction in beam contrast.     

Fields of apertured polychromatic laser beams with Gaussian and Hermite–Gaussian transverse modes

Starting from the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral, the field expressions of apertured polychromatic laser beams with Gaussian and Hermite–Gaussian transverse modes are derived. Influence of the bandwidth on the intensity distributions of the laser beams is analyzed. It is found that when the bandwidth increases, the amplitudes and numbers of the intensity spikes decrease and beam uniformity is improved in the near field and the width of transverse intensity distribution of the apertured beams decreases in the far field. Thus, the smoothing and narrowing effects can be achieved by increasing the bandwidth. Also, these effects are found in the laser beams with Hermite–Gaussian transverse modes as the bandwidth increases.     

基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑新方案

针对惯性约束聚变装置中提高靶面辐照均匀性的要求, 提出了一种基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑方案, 其基本原理是利用光克尔介质和周期性高斯脉冲光束相互作用实现对激光束透射波前附加周期性的球面位相调制, 以周期性地改变激光束远场焦斑尺寸, 进而引起远场焦斑内部散斑的快速径向扫动, 从而在积分时间内抹平靶面焦斑的强度调制, 实现径向方向的光束匀滑. 通过建立基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑的理论模型, 分析了焦斑形态及其径向匀滑特性, 并讨论了光克尔介质的选取和径向扫动特性. 结果表明, 基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑方案可以有效地实现远场焦斑内部散斑的周期性径向扫动, 从而在积分时间内快速改善靶面辐照均匀性.     

高强度三倍频近场测量实验与模拟计算的误差分析

 测量了高强度三倍频实验的1ω 光和3ω 光的近场光束质量，将测量和模拟计算所得到3ω 光近场光束质量作了对比，重点对模拟计算得到的3ω 光近场光束质量所存在的误差进行了探讨，分析了现有的模拟计算程序中还未考虑到的影响3ω 光光束质量的主要因素，建议在以后的模拟计算程序中再进行优化设计，并讨论了改善3ω 光光束质量应采取的必要措施。     

黑腔中空间束匀滑光束成丝不稳定性的数值模拟北大核心CSCD

为深入研究黑腔内激光成丝不稳定性产生和发展,建立了空间束匀滑光束的传播模型,利用三维激光等离子体相互作用程序LAP3D模拟了黑腔物理条件下的大尺度成丝现象。模拟结果可正确描述成丝后光强的束发散现象及谱空间光强分布特征。从激光能量参数角度分析了导致成丝不稳定性发展的物理因素,并讨论了应用空间束匀滑技术抑制成丝不稳定性的局限性。研究表明:空间束匀滑光束发展成丝的能力取决于光斑内小焦斑的成丝表现,当具备成丝能力的小焦斑份额达到一定比例后,就会导致整个空间束匀滑光束成丝,因此对于光斑平均功率密度较高的光束,须考虑结合其他束匀滑手段来抑制成丝发展。     

光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件束匀滑性能的影响

 模拟分析了光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件束匀滑性能的影响。光谱色散匀滑技术的使用提高了衍射光学器件的抗波前畸变能力，降低了对加工精度的高要求。光谱色散匀滑技术与衍射光学器件的联用有望满足惯性约束聚变对束匀滑性能的高要求。     

周期性啁啾脉冲色散衍射实现近场强度匀滑

 对惯性约束聚变（ICF）激光驱动器中的周期性啁啾脉冲光谱色散后的自由空间衍射传输和近场强度匀滑特性进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并计算了色循环数对两者的影响。计算结果表明：远场光斑随色循环数增加而变大,强度调制加剧;近场强度匀滑效果随色循环数和传输距离增加而增强,但空间形状变化加剧。通过匀滑效果对比发现,基于周期性啁啾脉冲的光谱色散平滑系统的近场强度匀滑效果优于传统的正弦调频光束。     

光谱色散后的相位调制光束衍射特性研究

用数值方法研究了激光驱动器系统中使用光谱色散平滑单元后光束的衍射特性.模拟结果表明，光谱色散会使光束衍射光斑变大，近场空间强度均匀性改善，而远场光斑内部存在光强接近于均匀分布的区域.进一步分析了光谱色散平滑单元中相位调制器的调制深度、调制频率及光栅色散系数等主要元件参数对光束传输特性的影响，发现在一定情况下光斑内部会出现较强的强度调制. 关键词： 光谱色散平滑 光束衍射 近场 远场     

Research on target uniform irradiation method using linearly modulated light and special grating dispersion

In indirect-drive laser fusion research, filamentation instability (FI) severely influences laser injection efficiency and beam pointing accuracy in hohlraum. Experiments indicate that high frequency modulations on the far field of the laser driver are responsible for the filamentation. To solve this problem, a new smoothing technique is proposed using linear modulation and special grating dispersion. The linear modulation was realized by stacking a series of 100 ps chirped pulses in fiber delay lines. The temporal smoothing characteristics of the focal spot adopting star and circular grating dispersion were studied. Simulation results indicate that both kinds of grating investigated restrained the high frequency modulations. The star grating has a better smoothing effect when compared to circular grating. The insertion of the star grating could realize “color” variation across the beam in the azimuthal direction and make the far-field pattern rotate with time. Therefore, the time-integrated focal spot would be smoothed in a more comprehensive way. This smoothing method bears the advantage of simple configuration, two-dimensional angular spectral dispersion and not enlarging the far field too much.     

Automatic interferogram analysis techniques applied to quasi-heterodyne holography and ESPI

This paper describes significant developments in methods for the automatic, quantitative analysis of interferograms. All areas of analysis have been considered: fringe field generation, pre-processing, and phase unwrapping.

A new quasi-heterodyne holographic technique is described in which the image is reconstructed using a single beam. The errors in the reconstructed fringe field are mainly linear in form, and an error compensation scheme is proposed. The final error in the phase measurement using automatic analysis is λ/40.

The process of image smoothing by an averaging filter is considered to reduce the effects of random noise. It is shown that by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the fringe field an optimum degree of smoothing may be applied. This is demonstrated on holographic and electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) data.

Two methods for cosinusoidal fringe image combination are compared, using three or four fields. It is shown that an automatic analysis can be achieved using four phase stepped images.

A new algorithm to automatically unwrap the phase of complex fringe patterns is described. The fringe field is segmented into small rectangular areas, called tiles. This allows local data to be obtained on fringe consistency and density. A confidence tree can then be formed to produce an optimal solution for the whole field. Results are presented and discussed for both holographic and ESPI data.     

飞秒激光和酸刻蚀方法制作凹面微透镜阵列

基于飞秒激光光刻技术和氢氟酸对光学玻璃的刻蚀,在K9光学玻璃表面制作了凹面微透镜阵列,并且可以以此为模板实现凸微透镜阵列的大量复制.用相位对比显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了微透镜阵列的表面轮廓,测试了微透镜阵列的光学衍射特征.该方法简单、透镜参量可控,制作的微透镜阵列能够用于分光、光束匀化、并行光刻等强激光领域.     

Research on beam smoothing characteristics using linearly modulated light

Precise physical experiments place strict requirements on target illumination uniformity. A new smoothing technology aimed at indirect-drive laser fusion is studied, which uses linearly modulated light and angular spectral dispersion (ASD). Simulation indicates that the best smoothing effect could be obtained when number of color cycles (N_c) is chosen to be 0.5 at 1.2 nm bandwidth. A table-top setup aimed at the experimental study of the beam smoothing method has been established. When the linearly modulated light generated by pulse stacking is dispersed by a grating with N_c=2.6, periodical undulations are found on the far-field focal spot, which agrees with the simulation results. To improve illumination uniformity, the N_c adopted should be decreased to 0.5. Simulation also indicates that the combination of linearly modulated light, angular spectral dispersion and a continuous phase plate could considerably improve the irradiation nonuniformity.