Supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid as heterogeneous and recoverable catalysts for the synthesis of oxazolines,imidazolines and thiazolines under solvent-free conditions

12-Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported on silica, activated carbon and poly(4-styrylmethyl)pyridinium chloride (PMP) were found to be highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of oxazolines, imidazolines and thiazolines from the condensation of various nitriles with aminoalcohols, ethylenediamine and cisteamine, respectively. In the case of oxazolines, dicyanobenzenes were selectively converted to mono- and bis-oxazolines in the presence of these catalysts. In the reaction of dicyanobenzenes with ethylenediamine, only mono-imidazolines were produced and the remaining cyano group did not react even with long reaction times. In the case of thiazolines, only bis-thiazolines were produced in the reaction of dicyanobenzenes with cysteamine. Furthermore, these catalysts could be recovered and reused without significant loss of their activities.     

Microwave-assisted expeditious hydrolysis of isobenzofuranone derivatives using silica supported acid under organic solvent-free conditions

Silica sulfuric acid was found to be an efficient, reusable and environment-friendly catalyst for fast hydrolysis of various isobenzofuranone to corresponding 2-ketomethylquinoline derivatives in a high yield under solvent-free using microwave irradiation. As the activator of silica sulfuric acid the wet SiO₂ was chosen. The reactions in conventional conditions were compared with the microwave assisted reactions. This approach can prove beneficial since the recovery of solvents from conventional reaction systems always results in some losses.     

负载型磷钨酸催化剂的制备及催化合成ＥＴＢＥ的性能研究

采用水热法合成纯硅介孔分子筛Si-MCM-41, 并用浸渍法将磷钨酸(PWA)负载到介孔分子筛Si-MCM-41上, 制得了磷钨酸负载量不同的催化剂x%PWA/MCM-41. 利用XRD, FT-IR, Py-IR, BET, TEM对载体和催化剂进行分析. 结果表明, 负载后的PWA颗粒粒径明显减小, 粒径约为10个纳米, PWA在载体表面实现了均匀分布, 通过叔丁醇和乙醇在高压反应釜内生成乙基叔丁基醚的反应测试催化剂的催化性能. 结果表明, 负载型催化剂和纯PWA相比, 前者使叔丁醇(TBA)的转化率、ETBE的选择性有很大提高, 当磷钨酸负载量为30%时TBA的转化率最大. 最优的催化剂制备及反应条件是: 载体550 ℃煅烧脱模, PWA负载量为30%, 催化剂煅烧温度为300 ℃, 醚化反应温度为120 ℃, 乙醇与叔丁醇的摩尔比为2∶ 1, 催化剂的用量为1.4 g.     

Alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with MTBE catalyzed by 12-tungstophoric acid supported on neutral alumina

Alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with MTBE catalyzed by neutral alumina-supported heteropolyphosphotungstic acids and several other kinds of solid acids was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction activity is correlated with the total acidity of catalysts and the distributions of O-alkylated, mono- and di-C-alkylated products correspond to weak, moderate and strong acidity of catalysts, respectively. They are tunable by supporting different amounts of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ on neutral alumina, and the supported catalysts can be reused.     

Phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica gel: a mild, efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides by Ferrier rearrangement

A simple, mild, efficient and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated allyl C-glycosides and O- and S-glycosides is described using phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica gel as a reusable catalyst with high α-selectivity.     

Molecular organogels of the sodium salt of (R)-12-hydroxystearic acid and their templated syntheses of inorganic oxides

(R)-12-Hydroxystearic acid (HSA), a natural product from castor oil, is a well-known low-molecular mass organogelator (LMOG). Here, we demonstrate that the sodium salt of HSA, HSA-S, is an extremely versatile and efficient LMOG. Furthermore, its self-assembled fibrillar networks (SAFINs) in gels with ethanol, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide, as well as the gel of HSA with benzene, are shown to act as templates during the sol-gel polymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the absence or presence of an external catalyst. The templated, fiber-like objects obtained after calcinations have been characterized. The shape of the templated silica is strongly influenced by the catalyst applied. In addition, it has been possible to effect the formation of assemblies of nanoscale objects of Fe₂O₃ and CuO by polymerization of appropriate precursors in HSA-S based gels and in suspensions, respectively, followed by drying and calcination. The procedures employed are efficient and inexpensive protocols to make porous nanomaterials using organogels. Typically, templated syntheses of such materials in organogels have employed less accessible and more structurally complex LMOGs than HSA-S or HSA. Electrostatic interactions via Na⁺ bridges or H-bonding between silicate intermediates and gelator strands are proposed to be a primary driving force for templating.     

杂多化合物催化性能的研究—酸碱对12-钨磷酸(盐)在苄醇氧化反应中的催化活性的影响

1.前言 在所有众多结构的杂多化合物中,至今为止,具有Keggin结构的杂多酸(盐)是研究得最充分、也是唯一商品化了的杂多化合物。近年来,有许多关于Keggin结构杂多化合物作为催化剂的研究结果和应用报道。这些催化反应许多是在液相中进行的。由于杂多化合物易受酸碱影响而使结构改变或破坏,因此,反应体系中的酸碱度对杂多化合物结构的稳定性和催化活性都有明显作用。所以,研究酸碱对杂多化合物结构和催化性能的影响具有重要意义。本文考察了12-钨磷酸(盐)在苄醇氧化反应中的催化活性以及酸碱对催化活性的影响。     

Facile and green synthesis of triarylmethanes using silica sulfuric acid as a reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions

A facile and environmentally-benign protocol has been developed for the synthesis of triarylmethanes (TAMs) from the reaction of different arenes and aldehydes in the presence of silica sulfuric acid (SSA) as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Easy work-up, short reaction times, high yields, high selectivity, mild and green conditions are other salient features of this method.     

Resonance Rayleigh Scattering and Resonance Nonlinear Scattering Methods for Determination of Methylene Blue with 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid

In a pH=0.65―1.5 NaAc-HCl medium, methylene blue(MB) reacts with 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) by virtue of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic force to form a 3:2 ion-association complex. As a result, the intensities of resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS), second-order scattering(SOS) and frequency doubling scatte- ring(FDS) are enhanced greatly. The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS, SOS and FDS are located at 316, 647 and 311 nm. The increments of scattering intensity(△I) are directly proportio...     

Silica-supported perchloric acid and potassium bisulfate as reusable green catalysts for nitration of aromatics under solvent-free microwave conditions

Silica-supported perchloric acid and bisulfate (SiO₂/HClO₄ and SiO₂/KHSO₄) have been developed as reusable green catalysts for nitration of aromatic compounds using NaNO₂ in acetonitrile medium under conventional and solvent-free microwave conditions. The reaction times under microwave irradiation are significantly shorter than conventional method even though the yields obtained in microwave-assisted reactions are comparable with those obtained under reflux conditions.     

Silica sulfuric acid (SSA) as a solid acid heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of substituted pyrroles under solvent-free conditions at room temperature

A variety of N-substituted pyrroles have been synthesized by reacting γ-diketones with amines, diamines or triamine in the presence of silica sulfuric acid (SSA) at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The experiment protocol features simple operations, and the products are isolated in high to excellent yields (70-98%).     

Zeolite HY and Silica Gel as New and Efficient Heterogenous Catalysts for the Synthesis of Triarylimidazoles under Microwave Irradiation

Summary.  Zeolite HY and silica gel efficiently catalyzed the three component condensation of benzil, benzaldehyde derivatives, and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation. Received February 22, 2000. Accepted (revised) March 22, 2000     

A catalytic method for chemoselective detritylation of 5′-tritylated nucleosides under mild and heterogeneous conditions using silica sulfuric acid as a recyclable catalyst

A rapid, mild and highly efficient procedure for the chemoselective deprotection of triphenylmethyl (trityl, Tr), p-anisyldiphenylmethyl (monomethoxytrityl, MMT) and di-(p-anisyl)phenylmethyl (dimethoxytrityl, DMT) groups from nucleoside trityl ethers has been established. The deprotection was achieved at room temperature, using a catalytic amount of silica sulfuric acid (SSA) in acetonitrile. The trityl nucleosides were deprotected in 2-17 min without any depurination. These conditions are compatible with other acid sensitive hydroxyl protecting groups such as p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), isopropylidene, cyclohexylidene, di-(p-anisyl)methylidene, triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) and t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS).     

Tungstophosphoric acid nanoparticles supported on polyamic acid: A mild and recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for the selective synthesis of mono and bulky bis(1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene)s under solvent-free conditions

A series of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives and some crowded bis(1,8-dioxooctahdroxanthene) were selectively synthesized using tungstophosphoric acid nanoparticles supported on polyamic acid (TPA/PAA) as a new catalyst in solvent-free conditions. The high purity products were isolated and catalyst was easily separated in simple work-up and was recycled several times without loss of reactivity under the described reaction conditions. The reaction is characterized by short reaction time, high efficiency and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.     

12-磷钨酸插层MgAl水滑石的合成、表征及催化酯化原油脱酸性能

采用离子交换法合成了不同Mg/Al物质的量比的12-磷钨酸(H_3PW_(12)O_(40),HPW)插层水滑石(LDHs),采用XRD、FT-IR、Raman、ICP-AES、TG-DSC等分析手段表征其物化性质,Hammett指示剂-正丁胺滴定法测定其酸强度和酸量分布。进一步将其用于原油催化酯化脱酸反应,并与NO_3型LDHs对比,探讨酯化活性与催化剂性质之间的关系。结果表明,催化剂的活性主要受酸性和比表面积的影响。HPW插层LDHs的酯化活性明显优于NO3型LDHs,归因于增强的酸性和增大的比表面积。对于弱酸性的NO_3型LDHs,酯化活性与比表面积呈正向关系,Mg/Al物质的量比为4时,具有最大的比表面积和脱酸活性。而对于较强酸性的HPW插层LDHs,酯化活性主要受到酸量的影响,Mg/Al物质的量比为2的催化剂具有最高的酸量和脱酸活性。     

Microwave-promoted efficient conversion of acetophenones to 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes catalyzed by H3PW12O40 and nano-silica supported H3PW12O40 as reusable catalysts

H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and nano-silica supported H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ were found to be efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation of 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes via triple self condensation of acetophenones under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions. High yields, short reaction times, easy work-up, easy availability and handling, eco-friendly and reusability of the catalysts are the main aspects of the present method. The catalytic mechanism of 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes synthesis is also proposed.     

Silica supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2): a green,reusable, and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of thioethers under solvent-free conditions at room temperature

Abstract

A highly efficient and clean procedure is described for the synthesis of thioethers with excellent yields under solvent-free conditions at room temperature using a catalytic amount of HClO₄-SiO₂. The catalyst is easily prepared, stable, and reusable without much loss of catalytic activity, and is efficient under the reaction conditions.     

Alumina and silica oxides as catalysts for the oxidation of benzoins to benzils under solvent-free conditions

Alumina or silica gel are used as catalysts for a solvent-free oxidation of benzoins to the corresponding benzils. These catalysts are easily recovered after completion of the reactions, which are carried out either by heating in a sand bath or using microwave irradiation. Comparison of the results obtained with both catalysts indicates that all the reactants examined were oxidized faster on alumina than on silica under these conditions.     

H3PW12O40–[bmim][FeCl4]: A novel and green catalyst-medium system for microwave-promoted selective interconversion of alkoxymethyl ethers into their corresponding nitriles, bromides and iodides

In the present work, the catalytic activity of 12-tungstophosphoric acid immobilized on [bmim][FeCl₄] ionic liquid as a highly efficient and eco-friendly catalytic system for rapid and chemoselective direct conversion of MOM- or EOM-ethers into their corresponding nitriles, bromides and iodides under microwave irradiation is reported. In these reactions, the products are obtained in high yields. The catalyst exhibited remarkable reactivity and was reused several times.     

Phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica gel and promoted with alkali metal ions as catalysts for the esterification of acetic acid by ethanol

Different ratios of phosphomolybdic acid PMA supported on silica gel (1–30 wt%) and promoted with alkali metal hydroxide have been prepared by an impregnation method and calcinated at 350 °C for 4 h. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and N₂ adsorption measurements. The surface acidity and basicity of the catalysts were determined by adsorption of pyridine and the dehydration–dehydrogenation of 2-propanol. The gas-phase esterification of acetic acid by ethanol was carried out in a conventional flow bed reactor. The results clearly revealed that among the PMA loading, the use of 10 wt% catalyst showed maximum yield of ethyl acetate. This catalyst also improved on addition of Na or K-hydroxide. These results were correlated with the structure and the acid–base properties of the prepared catalysts.