Bi2Ti2O7/TiO2复合纤维：原位水热合成及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备的TiO2纤维作为模板和反应物,通过原位水热合成了具有异质结构的Bi2Ti2O7/TiO2复合纤维。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量散射光谱(EDS)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等分析测试手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征。以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物进行光催化降解实验。结果表明:花状Bi2Ti2O7纳米结构均匀地生长在TiO2纤维上,制备了Bi2Ti2O7与TiO2相复合的光催化材料,其光谱响应范围拓宽至可见光区,与纯TiO2纤维相比可见光催化活性显著提高,且易于分离、回收和循环使用。初步探讨了Bi2Ti2O7/TiO2异质结的生长机制和光催化活性提高机理。     

WO3/TiO2 复合纤维的制备及储能光催化性能

以钛酸正丁酯为前驱体, 采用静电纺丝技术制得了纯锐钛矿TiO2纤维, 并以其为基质, 通过水热法制备了具有异质结构的WO3/TiO2复合纤维. 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 能量色散光谱仪(EDS)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征. 以罗丹明B的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了样品的光催化性能和储能光催化性能. 结果表明, 花状WO3微球包裹在TiO2纤维上, 得到了具有异质结构的WO3/TiO2复合纤维光催化剂. WO3与TiO2复合有利于光生载流子的输运和分离, 增强了体系的量子效率, 提高了光催化活性. WO3/TiO2 复合纤维经光照处理后, 在黑暗条件下显示出储能光催化特性.     

TiO2/LaFeO3微纳米纤维的可控制备及光催化性能简

利用静电纺丝技术及水热合成法制备了TiO2/LaFeO3异质结构. 采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对TiO2/LaFeO3微纳米纤维的结构和表面形态进行表征. 通过亚甲基蓝(MB)光降解反应研究了其光催化性能. 结果表明,不完全碳化TiO2纤维表面的缺陷位点是LaFeO3纳米粒子的有利生长点. TiO2/LaFeO3异质结材料的带隙明显窄于TiO2,光催化活性得到提高;经140 min紫外光照射后,TiO2/LaFeO3异质结催化剂对MB的降解率为65.34%,分析和探讨了其光催化机理.     

SnO2/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝技术,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和钛酸正丁酯为前驱体,制得锐钛矿相TiO2纳米纤维。以TiO2纳米纤维为模板,通过水热合成法,制备了具有异质结构的SnO2/TiO2复合纳米纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散光谱（EDS）、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段对其形貌和结构进行了表征,结果表明,SnO2纳米粒子均匀地生长在TiO2纳米纤维表面,形成了异质结构的SnO2/TiO2复合纳米纤维材料。通过改变反应物浓度,能有效地实现SnO2/TiO2复合纳米纤维的可控合成。以罗丹明B为模拟污染物,考察了SnO2/TiO2复合纳米纤维的光催化性能,与纯TiO2纳米纤维相比光催化活性明显提高,初步探讨了光催化反应机理。     

Bi2O3 /TiO2复合纳米颗粒的可见光光催化性能

采用溶胶与水热相结合的方法合成了具有可见光光催化活性的复合纳米颗粒Bi2O3/TiO2,并对其进行了X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射谱、红外光谱、低温N2吸附脱附及电子顺磁共振分析。结果表明,复合少量的氧化铋可显著抑制TiO2由锐钛矿到金红石的相转移过程,并将光吸收范围扩展到可见光区。可见光照射下(λ>420 nm),利用电子顺磁共振技术检测到明显的羟基自由基(.OH)信号。铋的最佳掺杂量为Bi/Ti质量比2.0%,适量铋的掺入能显著改善锐钛矿TiO2的结晶度,抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高光催化量子效率。通过可见光照射下,4-氯酚的降解实验测试Bi2O3/TiO2复合纳米颗粒的可见光光催化活性。同时,利用气-质联用仪对4-氯酚降解过程的中间产物进行了测定,并提出可见光照射下的Bi2O3光敏化机理。     

Ce掺杂Bi2MoO6/TiO2纳米纤维异质结的制备及可见光催化性能

以静电纺丝技术制备的TiO_2纳米纤维为基质,通过溶剂热法制备了异质结型稀土Ce掺杂Bi_2MoO_6/TiO_2复合纳米纤维。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)以及荧光光谱(PL)等分析测试手段对样品的物相、形貌和光学性能等进行表征。以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物,研究了样品的可见光催化性能。结果表明:在稀土掺杂样品中,Ce离子进入Bi_2MoO_6晶格,部分取代Bi3+,导致晶胞膨胀,晶格畸变,形成缺陷;与TiO_2复合形成异质结,有利于光生电荷的产生、转移和有效分离,从而提高TiO_2纳米纤维的光催化活性。可见光照射180 min,罗丹明B的降解率达到95.1%。经5次循环光催化降解活性基本不变,样品具有良好的光催化稳定性。     

磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的制备

以磁性CoFe2O4为核,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料.利用VSM(振动样品磁强计)技术对其磁性能进行了研究,结果表明:由该法所得的TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的饱和磁化强度虽稍弱于纯CoFe2O4纳米材料,但其矫顽力则优于CoFe2O4.TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等的结果表明,该纳米复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛矿结构;与TiO2相比,纳米复合材料对光的吸收拓展到了整个紫外-可见区,且吸收强度大大增强.对染料废水光催化降解的模拟研究表明,该复合材料在紫外光下,6 h可以使亚甲基蓝染料溶液的脱色率达95%,且重复使用3次时染料溶液的脱色率仍能保持在90%,明显优于纯TiO2.     

ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极的制备及光电催化降解苯酚的研究

采用阳极氧化法和电沉积法制备出具有可见光响应的ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极.用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备的ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极的表面形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,该方法成功地将ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒均匀分散在TiO2纳米管中,分布在管口处的较少.同时,详细讨论了反应物浓度、沉积时间、循环次数、沉积电压对ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极性能的影响.通过在可见光下降解苯酚评价了复合电极的光催化活性,实验结果表明:由于ZnFe2O4和TiO2之间的协同效应,复合电极的光响应范围扩展到了可见光区域,光电催化活性提高1.5～2倍.     

脉冲沉积制备Cu_2O/TiO_2纳米管异质结的可见光光催化性能

在用阳极氧化法制备有序排列TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的基础上,引入脉冲沉积工艺,成功实现了均匀、弥散分布的Cu2O纳米颗粒修饰改性TiO2纳米管阵列,形成Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结复合材料.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、场发射透射电镜(FETEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征,重点研究了Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结的光电化学特性和对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,Cu2O纳米颗粒均匀附着在TiO2纳米管阵列的管口和中部位置,所制备的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结具有高效的可见光光催化性能;在浓度为0.01 mol?L-1的CuSO4溶液中制得的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结表现出最好的电化学特性和光催化性能;另外,对Cu2O纳米颗粒影响光催化活性的机理进行了讨论.     

立方晶型Sb2O3纳米晶的合成及光催化性能

采用沉淀法合成了立方晶型Sb2O3纳米晶,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和电子自旋共振谱(ESR)等对样品进行了详细的表征。以紫外光光催化降解甲基橙为反应模型评价了样品的光催化性能。结果表明:沉淀法合成的立方晶型Sb2O3纳米晶颗粒小,表现出良好的光催化性能。对立方晶型Sb2O3纳米晶光催化降解甲基橙的原因进行了探讨,并提出了降解甲基橙的反应机理。     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.