定向凝固Al-Ni-Y三元共晶合金的相组成与凝固特征

在5 K.mm-1温度梯度下,选用1,5,10 mm.min-1三种拉速率对成分为96.0%Al,1.0%Ni,3.0%Y的三元共晶合金进行定向凝固实验,研究下拉速率对合金组织演化的影响规律。通过X射线衍射和光学显微镜分析表明合金由α-Al相、Al3Y相、Al23Ni6Y4相三相组成。当下拉速率为1 mm.min-1时,合金组织呈现三相共晶结构,纵截面有定向凝固趋势;下拉速率为5和10 mm.min-1时,合金组织演变成两种二相共晶:一种是Al3Y相与α-Al相形成菊花状的不规则二相共晶组织,另一种是Al23Ni6Y4相与α-Al相形成层片状的规则二相共晶组织,纵截面上均有明显的定向凝固特征。     

4GPa超高压凝固Mg-6Zn-3Y合金的凝固组织及相分析

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜并配合能谱分析研究了Mg-6Zn-3Y合金4 GPa超高压凝固组织.结果表明:在4 GPa超高压条件下凝固时,实验合金的凝固组织得到显著细化,基体α-Mg相的晶格间距有所减小;Zn在基体α-Mg中溶解度大幅提高,Y不溶于基体α-Mg;实验合金凝固组织中出现呈对称性的四瓣或六瓣花的初晶Y固溶体,该初晶花瓣形貌完整、尺寸较大,显示其充分自由生长;先发生的共晶反应的共晶组织为成“簇”分布的共晶团,共晶相呈点状或棒状;后发生的共晶反应的组织为离异共晶.超高压凝固显著地改变了实验合金的凝固过程.     

微量元素Sr对Al—Si合金凝固过程的影响

用差热分析法系统地研究了Sr对Al-Si共晶、亚共晶及超共晶合金的动态凝固过程的影响。结果表明,Sr既可促进α-Al成核,使其初晶析出温度比二元合金中α-Al相析出温度明显提高,又能抑制初晶Si成核,使超共晶中初晶Si相析出温度较二元合金中Si的初晶的实际析出温度明显降低,还能促使共晶合金成核,使加Sr后的共晶析出温度明显提高。     

混合稀土对共晶Al-2%Fe合金组织形态的影响

研究了富La混合稀土对共晶Al-2?合金组织形态的影响. 当混合稀土加入量较少时, 合金中的α-Al相为明显的胞状枝晶;随着混合稀土加入量的增加, α-Al枝晶优先形核生长得到抑制, 共晶Al3Fe相得到细化;当稀土加入量增至0.6% (质量分数)共晶Al3Fe相尺寸逐渐增大. 并对混合稀土对共晶Al-2?合金组织形态的影响机制进行了探讨.     

混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响

研究了富La混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响。当混合稀土加入量较少时，合金中的α—Al相为明显的胞状枝晶；随着混合稀土加入量的增加，α-Al枝晶优先形核生长得到抑制，共晶Al3Fe相得到细化；当稀土加入量增至0．6％(质量分数)共晶Al3Fe相尺寸逐渐增大。并对混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响机制进行了探讨。     

微量元素La对Al—Si合金凝固过程的影响

本文用差热分析法系统地研究了La掺杂对Al-Si共晶合金、亚共晶、超共晶的动态凝固过程的影响。结果表明,La促使α(Al)成核,使体系中初晶α(Al)的析出温度比AJ-Si二元合金中Al初晶的实际析出温度明显提高;La对初晶Si的成核和长大起抑制作用,使超共晶中初晶Si相析出温度较二元合金中的Si初晶的实际析出温度明显降低。     

电脉冲作用下共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的变化

本文研究了连续电脉冲处理对共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的影响.结果显示,电脉冲处理后Al-12.5%Si共晶合金的凝固组织中出现了本应在过共晶成分的铝硅合金中才会出现的初生硅.X-射线能谱分析表明,电脉冲处理后α-Al枝晶中固溶Si含量降低.     

稀土对镁-铝合金抗热裂性能的影响及其机制

研究了稀土（0.1%～1.2%,质量分数）对Mg-Al合金抗热裂性能的影响及其机制.结果表明： 往Mg-Al合金中添加稀土后,合金的抗热裂性能显著下降,其原因可归为： 稀土引起了Mg-Al合金晶粒粗化,使得热裂纹萌生所需的断裂应变降低;稀土减少了Mg-Al合金中的共晶组织,缩短了枝晶通道保持开通的时间,不利于合金进行补缩;而且稀土还提高了共晶反应的温度,使得凝固后期枝晶间液膜的强度有所下降;当α-Mg枝晶连成骨架时,分布在枝晶间的Al11RE3相容易堵塞枝晶通道,增加了合金补缩的难度;Al11RE3相与α-Mg基体的凝固收缩率不同,容易产生凝固收缩应力,促进热裂纹的萌生.     

快速凝固AlNiCuNd纳米/非晶复合材料的制备及显微组织研究

采用熔体单辊旋淬法制备了快凝Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3合金条带,利用差热扫描热力学(DSC)分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析等手段对比研究了快凝合金条带及其不同退火态材料的晶化行为.选择合适工艺条件,对快凝合金条带进行等温加热退火,采用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)观察分析了等温退火态材料显微组织特征.结果表明,快凝Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3合金薄带呈现出完全均匀的非晶态结构.随加热温度升高,非晶态薄带的晶化过程包括两个主要的相转变: α-Al晶体从非晶基体中析出的初始晶化以及有Al3Ni,Al11Nd3和Al8Cu3Nd形成的第二次晶化过程.在低于310 ℃下加热,快速凝固Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3金属玻璃中发生的主要相转变是富Al非晶的初始晶化.110 ℃等温退火态薄带主要是由α-Al加残余非晶相的两相组成,α-Al晶体纳米颗粒均匀弥散分布在残余非晶基体上.而在310 ℃热暴露后的退火试样中,在除α-Al晶体外的残留非晶相中开始出现极少量的Al3Ni金属间化合物.     

Al89Gd7Ni3Fe非晶粉加压成块合金的组织结构与力学性能

研究了Al89Gd7Ni3Fe非晶粉末经不同温度热挤压成块后的组织形貌和相结构，分析了非晶的晶化过程，并考察了该合金的弯曲强度和疲劳性能。结果表明，不同温度热挤压成块合金组织均由面心立方的α-Al、二元金属间化合物Al3Gd和少量三元金属间化合物τ1相组成，α-Al晶粒细小，Al3Gd相呈等轴颗粒状，τ1相呈杆状分布，提高热挤压温度，有利于Al3Gd相的析出，不利于τ1相的形成。与普通沉淀硬化型Al合金相比，热挤压成块Al89Gd7Ni3Fe合金具有极高的强度和优良的抗疲劳性能，不同温度热挤压成块Al89Gd7Ni3Fe合金的弯曲强度均超过1000MPa，提高热挤压温度，合金的强度和疲劳性能也因金属间化合物Al3Gd相含量增加而改善。     

原始合金制备方法对RaneyNi催化剂结构及加氢活性的影响

骨架镍催化剂由纳米级镍晶粒、未转变的ＮｉＡｌ３和Ｎｉ２Ａｌ３母相及其界面区组成。Ｘ射线衍射及高分辨电子显微观察发现，脱铝过程中ＮｉＡｌ３晶粒碎裂成纳米级尺寸，而Ｎｉ２Ａｌ３相则不出现碎裂现象。     

Thermal analysis study on the simultaneous grain refinement and modification of 380.3 aluminum alloy

In this research, effect of integrated Al–10Sr–1Ti–2B master alloy has been studied on the microstructure and solidification characteristics of 380.3 aluminum alloy. Thermal Analysis has been used as a technique to study the cooling curves and first derivative curves during solidification of the alloy. Effect of integrated grain refiner and modifier on solidification parameters such as α-Al dendrite growth temperature (T _G,α), α-Al dendrite recalescence undercooling (?T _R,α), aluminum–silicon eutectic growth temperature (T _G,E), and eutectic recalescence undercooling (?T _R,E) has been determined. By increasing master alloy content, T _G,α and ?T _R,E have been increased, but, ?T _R,E has been decreased, and T _G,E increases first and then decreases. Aluminum–silicon eutectic depression temperature ( $ \Updelta T_{\text{G,E}}^{{{\text{Al}} - {\text{Si}}}} $ ) can be used as a parameter to control the modification of eutectic silicon. The results of this research indicate that the optimum level of Al–10Sr–1Ti–2B master alloy for the simultaneous grain refinement and modification of 380.3 alloy is about 0.5 mass%.     

稀土对锡铅共晶合金定向凝固组织的影响

同稀土含量地锡铅共晶合金定向凝固组织的影响，发现稀土的加入使片间距减小，片支断续、不规稀土量增加使结晶组织向胞晶转变，且凝固过程中由于稀土的“亲Ｓｎ”作用，使锡铅共晶点偏移，促进初生富铅相生成，出现亚共晶生长层；稀土化合物对锡铅的凝固过程几乎没有影响。     

TEM-characterization of rapidly solidified Nb-Al ribbons

In rapidly solidified eutectic Nb-Al alloys a change in morphology from a lamellar microstructure to a globular anomalous eutectic one has been observed. This behavior results from the decomposition of an intermediate metastable tetragonal σ*-Nb₂Al phase. By means of TEM, electron diffraction and EDXS this metastable phase was characterized and the solidification behavior via different transition steps of the metastable σ*-Nb₂Al was elucidated.     

Thermal analysis study on the grain refinement of Al–15Zn–2.5Mg–2.5Cu alloy

Computer-aided cooling curve analysis is a reliable method to characterize the solidification behavior of an alloy. In this study, the effect of Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner on the solidification path, microstructure and macrostructure of a new Al–Zn–Mg–Cu super high-strength aluminum alloy containing high amounts of zinc was investigated using thermal analysis technique. The grain size measurement showed that Al–5Ti–1B reduces the grain size from 1402 to 405 μm. Solidification parameters in the liquidus region were in a good accordance with microstructural results. The addition of 1 mass% of Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner decreased ΔT _N from 9.1 to 7.7 °C. It also diminished recalescence undercooling from 1.42 to 0.32 °C. The grain refinement also altered dendritic structure of the alloy from a coarse, elongated and non-uniform to a rosette and more uniform shape. Moreover, the grain refiner resulted in a more uniform distribution of eutectic structure between dendrite arms. Furthermore, the grain refinement enhanced fraction of solid at dendrite coherency point from 21 % for unrefined alloy to 25 % for the alloy containing 1 mass% Al–5Ti–1B. In the same trend, the addition of 1 mass% Al–5Ti–1B reduced the amounts of porosity from 2.3 to 1.8 %.     

微量铒对LF3铝合金铸态组织的影响

采用金相显微镜，扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等手段分析研究了LF3铝合金中添加0．3％Er后的合金铸态及均匀化退火态的组织。结果表明：微量铒的加入可显著细化LF3铝合金的铸态组织，使其枝晶网胞尺寸明显减小，网胞间共晶化合物也更稀薄；同时，使第二相化合物更细小，分布也更均匀；微量铒的加入可形成Al3Er稀土化合物，没有发现粗大的块状化合物。其机制是由于生成了LI2型结构的，在晶体结构和点阵常数上都与Al基体（面心立方，a=0.405nm)相似的Al3Er稀土化合物，起到非均质形核核心的作用。     

Influence of Mn on the solidification of Fe–Si–Al alloy for non-oriented electrical steel

Differential scanning calorimetry, thermodynamic calculations, and metallographic analyses were used for a determination of the solidification sequence in a Fe–2.42 %Si–0.5 %Al–0.94 %Mn alloy. For the prediction of the solidification process of the Fe–Si–Al–Mn alloy also a modified Scheil–Gulliver solidification model was used. According to the thermodynamic calculations the two-phase region in the selected Fe–Si–Al–Mn alloy is stable between 1,303 and 913 °C. The highest mass-fraction of the γ-phase is reached at 1,150 °C. With decreasing temperature the austenite retransforms into ferrite. In the temperature range where the thermodynamic calculations predict the existence of the two-phase region in the DSC curves, weak thermal events were observed. A post-exposure metallographic analysis revealed that the substructures in the ferrite microstructure indicate the γ → α phase transformation. This suggests consistency between the differential scanning calorimetry, the thermodynamic calculations, and the metallographic analyses.     

The effects of a eutectic modifier on microstructure and surface corrosion behavior of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys

Hypoeutectic aluminum–silicon alloys can have significant improvements in mechanical properties by inducing structural modification in the normally occurring eutectic. The eutectic modification may affect not only the mechanical properties but also the corrosion resistance of such alloys. It is well known that structural parameters such as grain size and interdendritic spacing can significantly affect corrosion resistance of alloys. However, to date, few researches have been performed to experimentally evaluate the effects of an effective modification of eutectic morphology on surface corrosion behavior of Al–Si alloys. In the present study, modified and unmodified samples of an Al 9 wt.% Si alloy were solidified under similar solidification conditions, and after metallographic procedures, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by both the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique and the Tafel extrapolation method carried out in a 0.5 M NaCl test solution at 25 °C. The impedance parameters and corrosion rate were obtained from an equivalent circuit analysis. It was found that the Al-9 wt.% Si alloy casting in the modified condition tends to have its corrosion resistance decreased when compared to the unmodified alloy.     

CF4在Al2O3基金属氧化物上的分解反应

考察了在无水条件下γ-Al2O3基金属氧化物M-Al2O3(M=Mg、La、Ba、Ce、Ni、P)与CF4反应转化为金属氟化物的反应. 结果表明, 在所筛选的金属氧化物中, γ-Al2O3的初活性较高, 但由于CF4分解时产生的强放热效应使未反应的γ-Al2O3发生了α相变, 致使CF4转化率急剧下降, 反应温度越高, γ-Al2O3的α相变越快, 活性下降就越快. CF4在MgO-Al2O3上分解时, Mg物种比Al优先氟化生成了MgF2, Mg物种的氟化反应及其产生的强放热效应使MgAl2O4结构发生了解体. 在Al2O3表面负载助剂P、Ni,提高了其热稳定性, 抑制了CF4高温分解时未反应的Al2O3发生α相变, 使更多的γ-Al2O3参与了CF4分解反应.     

Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure and solidification characteristics of Al2024 alloy using computer-aided thermal analysis technique

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different cooling rates on the microstructure and solidification parameters of 2024 aluminum alloy. Solidification characteristics are recognized from the cooling curve and its first and second derivative curves which have been plotted using thermal analysis technique. In this study, a mold having high cooling rate was designed and used to simulate the direct-chill casting process. The results of thermal analysis show that the characteristic parameters of Al2024 alloy are influenced by cooling rate. The cooling rates used in the present study range from 0.4 to 17.5 °C s^?1. Increasing the cooling rate affects the undercooling parameters both in liquidus and eutectic solidification regions. Investigations showed that solidification parameters such as nucleation temperature, recalescence undercooling temperature, and range of solidification temperature are influenced by variation of cooling rates. Microstructural evaluation was carried out to present the correlation between the cooling rate and dendrite arm spacing.