任意的拉格朗日欧拉边界元—有限混合法分析物体撞水响应

计算物体的撞水响应目前已有了一些专用的算法，本文在分析和比较这些算法的基础上，提出了一个解撞水问题的任意的拉格朗日欧拉边界元－有限元混合法，这个方法不仅充分发挥了边界元法计算半空间流场的优越性，而且还能计及液面大晃动的非线性边界条件物体变形所造成的影响，文中给出圆柱刚体和楔形刚柱体两个撞水算例，结果有力表明该方法的可靠性和有效性。     

刚体撞水非线性响应的边界元分析

考虑了非线性性液面条件液面条件,采用边界元法,始终撞水物体和水看成一个耦合系统,并作为一个冲击／接触问题处理。在自由注面的处理上,采用逐步迭代方法,使其始终满足液面的非线性条件,最终使自由液面达到一满足非线性条件的稳定值。而在撞水力的求解上,亦采用与自由液面相关的逐步迭代逼近方法,求取其稳定值。文中最后给出了几种不同情况下二维圆柱刚体撞水的计算实例,结果有力表明记叙虎法的可靠性和有效性。     

时域边界元法分析撞水响应

基于势流理论，考虑流场的可压缩性，首先利用积分变换导得了势流问题的一个动力学倒易定理，在此基础上，进而求得问题对应的时空边界积分方程，然后通过对边界和时间轴同时离散，建立了一组有递推形式的时间边界元方程最后结合液面条件和物体运动方程耦全求解得到了刚体的撞水响应。     

四面体单元网格加密过程中的曲面逼近算法及程序实现

本文介绍了一种在四面体单元网格的加密过程中实现曲面逼近的算法．单元加密采用了最长边加密算法．曲面逼近实现了对二次曲面的逼近功能．当加密点所在边是边界面上的边时，将该点挪到对应的边界面上．挪动时根据该边所参与的两个边界三角形面的法向方向来确定加密点的挪动方向，再结合二次曲面方程来计算出挪动后点的新坐标．算例表明，对于由二次曲面边界围成的物体，这种算法能够有效地实现网格加密过程中的曲面边界逼近功能．     

结构几何非线性分析的一种修正的有限元迁移矩阵法

本文提出一种修正的有限元法与迁移矩阵法相结合的方法用于结构几何非线性静力分析。该法可克服一般的ＦＥ－ＴＭ法只适用于规则边界结构的缺点，同时可避免由于传递矩阵连续相乘而产生的误差传递。采用修正的步长增量法与修正的牛顿－拉斐逊方法相结合的算法于非线性问题的求解，编制了在ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ／ＡＴ上实现该方法的计算程序ＴＮＯＮＤＬＷ１，数值计算结果表明了本文方法及所制程序的有效性。     

结构几何非线性分析的一种修正的有限元迁移矩阵法

本文提出一种修正的有限元法与迁移矩阵法相结合的方法用于结构几何非线性劳力分析。该法可克服一般的ＦＥ－ＴＭ法只适用于规则边界结构的缺点，同时可避免由于传递矩阵连续相乘而产生的误差传递。采用修正的步长增量法与修正的牛顿。拉斐逊方法相结合的算法于非线性问题的求解，编制了在ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ／ＡＴ上实现该方法的计算机程序ＴＮＯＮＤＬＷ１，数值计算结果表明了本文方法及所编制程序的有效性。     

不可压粘流N－S方程的边界积分解法

对原变量的Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行一阶时间离散，采用共轭梯度法解除压强－速度的耦合．对所得的一系列Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程和Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｔｚ方程均进行边界积分法求解，首次得到了粘性Ｎ－Ｓ方程的边界积分表示式．圆柱的定常、非定常尾迹计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性．     

不可压粘流N－S方程的边界积分解法

对原变量的Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行一阶时间离散，采用共轭梯度法解除压强－速度的耦合．对所得的一系列Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程和Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｔｚ方程均进行边界积分法求解，首次得到了粘性Ｎ－Ｓ方程的边界积分表示式．圆柱的定常、非定常尾迹计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性．     

叶轮机内部流场的修正Taylor—Galerkin（MDTGFE）有限元法

首先改进了ＴＧＦＥ的基本假设考虑前后时间步之间的非线性效应，对流函数－涡量方程进行有限元离散，得到了修正Ｔａｙｌｏｒ－Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ算法的有限元离散公式。采用这种方法，我们计算了后台阶绕流流动。另外，还用本方法的思想计算了叶轮机内部准三元流动。     

接触问题的简化方法

本文基于一种合理的物理抽象，给出了一种计算接触问题的简化方法．其实质是在接触物体之间填加低弹模的虚构材料，以此来消除接触问题的边界非线性，将工程中广泛存在的接触问题转化为一般性的力学问题。这样可使问题得以简化，降低计算成本。简单的验算表明方法是可靠的．     

Fluid-structure impact analysis with a mixed method of arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian BE and FE

A mixed method of arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian boundary element and finite element method (ALE-BE-FE method) is proposed for solving fluid-structure impact problems, in which the effect of structural deformation due to hydrodynamic pressure is taken into account. In addition, this method also enables us to analyze the influence of nonlinear free surface conditions on the impact response. Two numerical examples of an impacting cylinder and an impacting wedge into an initially calm water treated as 2-D problems are presented. It shows that the proposed method is effective to obtain a fluid-structure impact solution.This project is financially supported by the National Education Foundation of China.     

Laplace transform-boundary element coupling method for viscous fluid-structure impact analysis

Based on linearized 2-D Navier-Stokes equation, a Laplace transform-boundary element coupling method for viscous fluid-structure impact analysis is proposed. Under assumption of incompressibility for the fluid, the corresponding equivalent boundary integral equation in terms of the potential function and stream function is first established by Lamb's transform in the Laplace transform domain. It enables us to solve impact water problems in frequency domain by the boundary element method, in which the effect of viscous flow on the dynamic response can be taken into account. Then a complete solution of the problem under consideration in time domain is obtained by means of Durbin's formulas for the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. Finally, a practical example is given to confirm the validity of the present method. Project supported by the National Defence Foundation of Science & Technology of China (No. J14. 8. 1. JW0515).     

AN APPLICATION OF THE CBS SCHEME IN THE FLUID-MEMBRANE INTERACTION

提出了一种不可压缩流体与弹性薄膜耦合问题的特征线分裂有限元解法. 首先, 给出了流场和结构的控制方程. 然后, 对流场、结构以及流固耦合的具体求解过程进行了描述. 其中, 流场求解采用改进特征线分裂方法和双时间步方法相结合的隐式求解方式, 并利用艾特肯加速法对每个时间步的迭代收敛过程进行了加速处理;结构部分的空间离散和时间积分分别采用伽辽金有限元方法和广义方法, 并通过牛顿迭代法对所得非线性代数方程组进行了求解;流场网格的更新采用弹簧近似法;流场、结构两求解模块之间采用松耦合方式.最后, 采用该方法对具有弹性底面的方腔顶盖驱动流问题进行了求解, 验证了算法的准确性和稳定性.此外, 计算结果表明艾特肯加速法可以显著地提高双时间步方法迭代求解过程的收敛速度.     

二维弹性结构入水冲击过程中的流固耦合效应

描述了一个研究弹性结构入水冲击过程中水弹性效应的数值方法,在弹性结构入水冲击过程中,流体域作用在结构上的水动力载荷由边界元法获得,而结构的弹性动力响应则由有限元方法求解,通过线性给离散Ｂｅｒｎｏｕｌｌｉ方程将有限元方程和边界元方程耦合到一起,从而获得了求解流场和结构动力响应的相互耦合的运动方程。在数值考虑了自由表面的非线性边界条件,通过引入射流单元以及最大射流厚度,较好地处理了冲击引起的射流问题。     

Numerical simulation of impact forces by a falling sphere in air using ALE finite element method

ABSTRACT

A numerical method is developed to simulate the process that a falling rigid sphere hits rigid ground and bounces back in air. The problem is treated as fluid-structure interaction problem based on the ALE finite element flow analysis. In order to introduce the numerical process of impact into the present staggered fluid-structure time marching algorithm, the impact force is applied to the equation of motion of the sphere. The magnitude of the impact force is determined by iteration so that the velocity of the sphere after impact converges to zero. Application of the impact force at a single time instant causes unphysical pressure oscillation. This has been suppressed by applying the impact force smoothly over multiple short time steps. In the present method impulse is evaluated instead of impact force. Computations with different density ratio of the sphere to air showed effect of the air on the sphere motion.     

自由单元法及其在结构分析中的应用

通过吸收有限元与无网格法的优点,提出了一种新的数值方法------自由单元法.此方法在离散方面,采用有限元法中的等参单元,表征几何形状和进行物理量的插值;在算法方面,采用单元配点技术,逐点产生系统方程.主要特点是,在每个配置点只需要一个和周围自由选择的节点而形成的一个独立的等参单元,因而不需要考虑物理量在单元之间的相互连接关系与导数连续性问题. 本文介绍强形式与弱形式两种自由单元法,前者直接由控制方程和边界条件直接产生系统方程,后者通过在自由单元上建立控制方程的加权余量式产生弱形式积分式,并通过像传统有限元法中的积分过程建立系统方程组.本文提出的方法是一种单元配点法,对于域内点为了获得较高的导数精度,需要采用至少具有一个内部点的等参单元,为此除了可使用各阶次的拉格朗日四边形单元外, 还 给出了七节点三角形等参单元,用于模拟较为复杂的几何形状问题.      

AN EULERIAN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR TIME-DEPENDENT FREE SURFACE PROBLEMS IN HYDRODYNAMICS

A numerical method based on the finite element method is presented for simulating the two-dimensional transient motion of a viscous liquid with free surfaces. For ease of numerical treatment of the free surface expressed by a multiple-valued function, the marker particle method is employed. Numerous virtual particles are spread over all regions occupied by liquid. They move about on a fixed finite element mesh with the liquid velocity at their positions. These particles contribute nothing to the dynamics of the liquid and only serve as markers of liquid regions. The velocity field within liquid regions is calculated by solving the Navier– Stokes equations and the equation of continuity by the finite element method based on quadrilateral elements. A detailed discussion is given of the methodological problems arising in the implementation of the marker particle method on an unstructured finite element mesh and of the solutions to these problems. The proposed method is demonstrated on three sample problems: the broken dam problem, the impact of a falling liquid drop on a still liquid and the entry of a rigid block into water. Good agreement has been obtained in the comparison of the present numerical results with available experimental data.     

A TIME DOMAIN BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR WATER-SOLID IMPACT ANALYSIS

A reciprocal theorem of dynamics for potential flow problems is first derived by meansof the Laplace transform in which the compressibility of water is taken into account.Based on this the-orem,the corresponding time-space boundary integral equation is obtained.Then,a set of time do-main boundary element equations with recurrence form is immediately formulated through discretiza-tion in both time and boundary.After having carried out the numerical calculation two solutions arefound in which a rigid semicircular cylinder and a rigid wedge with infinite length suffer normal impacton the surface of a half-space fluid.The results show that the present method is more efficient than theprevious ones.     

A DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM WITH FINITE ELEMENT-BOUNDARY ELEMENT COUPLING

A domain decomposition algorithm coupling the finite element and the boundary element was presented. It essentially involves subdivision of the analyzed domain into sub-regions being independently modeled by two methods, i.e., the finite element method (FEM) and the boundary element method (BEM). The original problem was restored with continuity and equilibrium conditions being satisfied on the interface of the two sub-regions using an iterative algorithm. To speed up the convergence rate of the iterative algorithm, a dynamically changing relaxation parameter during iteration was introduced. An advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the locations of the nodes on the interface of the two sub-domains can be inconsistent. The validity of the algorithm is demonstrated by the consistence of the results of a numerical example obtained by the proposed method and those by the FEM, the BEM and a present finite element-boundary element (FE-BE) coupling method.     

穿破甲有限元的几何非线性及物理参数的确定

在现有计算程序的基础上 ,引入有限变形几何框架及大变形条件下的Bodner Partom本构模型。同时 ,利用实验数据确定了材料的物理参数。计算与实验的对比说明 ,所给出的非线性几何计算及物理参数的确定方法可用于穿破甲过程。