几何光学的物与像

 学习几何光学必须弄清物和像的意义和区别.物一般指实物,即发光物体(有直接发光物体和间接发光物体),在研究光具组的成像问题时,还会产生虚物的概念.像又有实像和虚像之分.在研究几何光学的成像问题时,弄清上述概念是很重要的.     

一个简单的演示虚物点成像的实验

本介绍了一些关于虚物点成像的演示实验方法,加深了学生对虚物的概念及其虚物点成像情况的理解。     

凹透镜焦距测量方法的改进

关于凹透镜焦距的测量方法已经有很多研究,本文提出了应用实物成虚像、虚物成虚像方法来测量凹透镜的焦距,并与虚物成实像方法进行比较和分析.本文的实验研究拓展了凹透镜焦距测量的实验思路,同时更加深入理解了透镜的成像规律.     

实像实物虚像虚物

几何光学中,像、物、实像、实物、虚像、虚物这些概念,学生往往难以把握.如果对这些概念,下一个简单明了的定义,并配一些恰当的例子,把这些定义在例子中应用一下,学生就容易理解、容易掌握了.1 像与物     

凸透镜焦距测量方法的探索简

凸透镜焦距的测量方法和不确定度评价已经有很多研究,本文着重研究测量方法,提出了应用实物成虚像、虚物成实像方法来测量凸透镜的焦距,并与实物成实像方法进行比较和分析。本文的实验研究拓展了透镜焦距测量的方法,同时更加深入研究了透镜成像的规律,开拓了实验思路。     

物距像距法在凹透镜焦距测量中的成像原理与数据分析

针对物距像距法测量凹透镜焦距的实验现象进行了理论分析,加深了对成像规律的理解,并提出了减小视觉实验误差的方法:凹透镜尽量靠近虚物,减小清晰成像的范围。本文对凹透镜测焦距的实验有一定的指导意义。     

物距—像距法测凹透镜焦距时中间像的选择

物距一像距法测量凹透镜焦距的光路如图1所示.图1图中物P经凸透镜L；成像于P'（中间像），在L1和P之间放置待测凹透镜L2，P即为L2的虚物.对L2而言，虚物P'又成像于P".如u、V、f分别代表物距、像距和待测凹透镜焦距的绝对值，则有笔者认为，采用此法测凹透镜焦距不易测准，原因是中间像P'的位置和大小直接关系测量结果的准确程度二究竟选择什么样的中间像P'作为虚物才较为合适？可先对下表中的实验数据进行分析讨论.（l）选择较大的中间像P'作为虚物反复实验表明，选择较大的中间像P'作为L。的虚物不恰当.因为此时的P'和P"的准确位置…     

诺莫图法在薄透镜和球面镜成像分析中的应用

在满足近轴光线的条件下,可以利用成像公式和光路图法分析薄透镜或球面镜的物像关系,而本文介绍的这种诺莫图法,可以在直角坐标系上用坐标图示法分析薄透镜和球面镜的物像关系,不仅可以精确求得实物或虚物的成像位置,还可以判断出像的性质,具有简单、直观等特点,可以作为分析物像关系的一种补充手段.     

凹透镜作图成像研究

凹透镜是薄透镜的一种,它的成像有一定的规律和特点.而作图法是最简便的理论方法,本文总结了凹透镜作图求像的各种方法,其中包括凹透镜三条特殊光线作图法、副光轴作图法等.     

三维空间凸透镜成像坐标定位法

通过深入探究空间点和线段的凸透镜成像规律, 概括总结创建出一新的成像方法“ 凸透镜成像坐标定 位法” . 突破解决了传统几何光学“ 透镜成像作图法”所无法解决的一些难题, 可精确定位每一像点在坐标系中的位 置以及物体凸透镜成像的形状, 画出三维空间物体跨越焦平面时的立体发散图像. 举例阐明了“ 凸透镜成像坐标定 位法”的作图要点及注意事项     

基于统计光学的无透镜鬼成像数值模拟与实验验证

作为量子信息领域分支的鬼成像,由于物体的像将出现在不包含物体的光路上的特点,使得这一领域的研究引人入胜。一度认为,只有基于纠缠态双光子的纠缠光源,才能实现鬼成像;但近年来的研究表明,经典热光场也能实现这一过程。从经典统计光学入手,建立了热光场的数值模型,模拟符合热光特性的光场变化、光场传播、以及物体透射函数对热光场的调制,进而从光强度起伏的关联函数中,分别重现振幅型物体和纯相位型物体的傅里叶变换图像;通过与真实实验结果的对比,表明基于统计光学原理的该数值模型所预测的实验结果,与真实的实验结果完全一致。     

Stokes参量数字全息法实现相位物体成像

为实现对相位物体的无损检测和成像,克服数字同轴全息相位物体成像技术在消除零级像和孪生像的干扰时存在的系列问题,提出一种基于Stokes参量的新的数字同轴全息技术。该方法区别于传统的利用干涉光场来记录原始像项的数字全息方法,通过测量物参光合成光束的Stokes参量来分别得到这两束光的振幅和相位差,从而准确、唯一地获得原始像项;再利用数字再现即可重构物光的振幅和相位信息。实验中对弱吸收的相位样品进行了测量,得到样品清晰的振幅和相位分布。结果表明,采用该方法对相位物体进行数字全息再现,可以克服传统同轴全息图中零级像和共轭像对相位物体信息的严重干扰,对于提取相位物体的振幅和相位信息是可行和有效的。     

Der Eingriff außerhalb der Pupille in der optischen Übertragungstheorie

In general the pupil of an optical system is not in the lens plain if an object is imaged by partially coherent illumination. Hence, in transmission theory the complex transmission of the lens (i.e. mount or aberrations) is not allowed to be equated to the complex transmission of the pupil; that rather means a disturbance outside the pupil. The properties of such a system are calculated. It is found that the transmission is no longer isoplanatic. The discussion of the extrapupillary disturbance gives an exact proof of the transition from the image formation of self-luminant objects to that of incoherently illuminated ones; in this connection the two classical theories which explain imaging on the basis of wave optics are shown to yield the same result even formally.     

光子计数成像技术及其应用

介绍光子计数实时图像采集实验系统，其中的高亮度增益的光子成像头通过超强光力中继透与高帧频电荷耦合器摄像机耦合；分析和介绍了单光子成像模式下系统工作的受限条件和多光子工作模式下系统的主要综合性能指标－读出噪声的测定方法。文中给出在自适应光学弱光波前传感中的应用，光子噪声分布规律以及光的波粒二象性实验验证等例子。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的光学成像测试系统

针对近年来红外成像技术的广泛应用,兼顾科研分析和生产过程工艺控制以及现场实验与维修检测的基本要求,论述了基于虚拟仪器技术的光学成像测试系统的设计思想及实现方案。使用光学的红外波段和可见光波段成像光照模型,通过多通道同时输入输出的虚拟仪器技术实现了在线实时测试分析。该系统人机界面友好、算法完善、操作简便,实验证明:该系统具有非常重要的实际意义和理论价值。     

Visualization of 3D variable in time object based on data gathered by active measurement system

The recent needs of analysis and visualization of variable in time real 3D objects in many applications require development of new approach towards combining rapid 3D shape acquisition and the methodology of data processing in order to perform visualization and analysis of real 3D dynamic objects. In this paper, the general concept of visualization system of data gathered by means of optical 4D (x,y,z,t) shape measurement system is presented. The concept of a virtual camera, as the mean for interactive object visualization is introduced. The experimental results for processing of simulated and real variable in time 3D object are presented and discussed. The directions of future works focused on full implementation of the concept are introduced.     

Locating the position of objects in non-line-of-sight based on time delay estimation

Non-line-of-sight imaging detection is to detect hidden objects by indirect light and intermediary surface(diffuser).It has very important significance in indirect access to an object or dangerous object detection, such as medical treatment and rescue. An approach to locating the positions of hidden objects is proposed based on time delay estimation. The time delays between the received signals and the source signal can be obtained by correlation analysis, and then the positions of hidden objects will be located. Compared with earlier systems and methods, the proposed approach has some modifications and provides significant improvements, such as quick data acquisition, simple system structure and low cost, and can locate the positions of hidden objects as well: this technology lays a good foundation for developing a practical system that can be used in real applications.     

Computational integral imaging reconstruction scheme of far 3D objects by additional use of an imaging lens

In this paper, we propose a novel performance-enhanced computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) scheme by additional use of an imaging lens. In the proposed scheme, elemental images can be obtained by using a simultaneous pickup scheme of far three-dimensional (3D) objects from the lenslet array in both real and virtual image fields. And additional imaging lens produces an image shift effect of 3D objects located far away from the lenslet array and improve the visual quality of reconstructed images in CIIR by overcoming limitation of pickup range in integral imaging. To show the usefulness of the proposed system, some experiments are carried out for real 3D objects and its results are presented.