磁旋光增强效应与旋光增强器特性分析

根据法拉第磁光效应的非互易性,分析了旋光反射腔的光强输出特性,表明这种反射腔具有旋光增强效应.在此基础上提出了用于检测微小旋转角的旋光增强法,并对旋光增强器的特性进行了理论分析和仿真计算.给出了测量灵敏度随器件反射率、样品吸收因素及一次旋光角变化的关系,讨论了角度测量工作点、测量范围以及相对灵敏度理论极限问题.旋光增强器有望应用于微流控系统的旋光检测以及实现磁旋光仪器的小型化和微型化. 关键词： 法拉第磁光效应 磁旋光增强 微小旋光角检测 微流控系统     

基于偏振分束成像的旋光角度场测量技术

 为了精确地测量旋光效应中偏振光的旋光角度及其分布,提出了基于偏振分束成像的旋光角度场测量新方法。分析和推理论证了旋光角度场测量理论基础,设计构建了光电检测验证系统,即根据偏振光分束原理,借助于高清晰度CCD采集图像,由计算机对图像进行中值滤波和基于奇异值的匹配处理,再采用“差除和”信号处理以消除光源波动的影响,得到检测结果。实验结果表明,与传统的测量方法相比,该方法不受光源波动的影响,能精确、快速地检测旋光角度二维分布场,并具有很好的线性,数据的均方差仅为传统测量方法的40%。     

基于法拉第磁光效应的电流方向测量研究

为解决法拉第磁光效应测量电流方向问题,利用法拉第效应原理搭建了测量电流方向的实验系统,研究不同方向电流作用下的磁致旋光特性,测量了不同方向的电流与光传播方向、光旋转角度之间的关系,实验结果表明:迎着光观测,出射线偏振光的旋光方向表现为右旋时,相应的电流方向沿光传播方向;当出射线偏振光的旋光方向表现为左旋时,相应的电流方向与光传播方向相反。实验结果与理论相符,对指导设计同时可以测量电流大小和方向的光学电流互感器等法拉第磁光器件具有重要的应用价值。     

用于大型建筑物的二维小角度测量方法

为了对大型建筑物变形角度进行测量,提出一种新的二维小角度测量方法,并根据该方法研制了一种光电二维倾斜仪。采用位敏传感器对激光光斑进行测量,根据光斑的移动推导出小角度的变化值。设计中采用到固液两相的特殊液体,可通过外加磁场的方法调整液体黏度,以消除测量现场环境振动的影响。多次的角度反射放大了最终的反射角,提高了测量精度。该设计结构简单,成本低,精度高并且环境适应力强。实验测试结果分辨率可达0.1角秒,重复精度能达到1角秒以内。     

旋光液体浓度测量方法的研究

利用光传感器和角位移传感器的组合真实记录了加入旋光物质前后偏振光光强随检偏振器偏振化方向变化的规律,给出一种用计算机测量旋光液体浓度的方法。     

法拉第效应旋光不可逆性的实验验证

现有的法拉第效应实验装置仅能验证光单方向通过介质时,偏转角变化量与磁场间的正比关系,却无法验证法拉第效应旋光的不可逆性.重新设计光路,可测量线偏振光二次通过介质后的旋光角,与单次通过介质时的旋光角进行比较,实验结果可验证法拉第效应旋光的不可逆性.     

磁旋光效应实验的旋光特性研究和数据分析

通过磁旋光效应(法拉第效应)实验,对不同物质的旋光特性有所认识。实验发现,磁旋光性物质具有左旋和右旋之分,而且它的旋光方向是由磁场的方向来决定。根据实验数据分析获得磁场强度与偏振角之关系,观察磁场电流与旋光方向的关系,进一步了解不同介质的旋光特性。     

一种测量人体静电电量的实验方法

介绍了采用法拉第圆筒法测量人体（及着装）电量的原理、装置、方法及适用条件．所介绍的方法,测量过程简单、方便,可用于表演、普物实验及科研     

磁致旋光效应的发现

介绍了莫里奇尼和赫谢耳探索磁和光相互作用方面的工作,回顾了法拉第发现磁致旋光效应的历程;分析了法拉第捕捉科学前沿与哲学思考相结合的研究特点,以及法拉第在研究工作中的顽强毅力与创新精神.     

一种测量糖溶液旋光率的新方法和MATLAB分析

利用光学实验中常用的分光计、偏振器和自制的读数盘通过组装搭建形成一种可以用来测量偏转角和旋光率的系统(简称直读式分光计旋光仪)。利用该系统测量了蔗糖旋光率,与传统的WXG-4旋光仪比较,实验结果的相对误差小于0.3%。实验现象明显,读数方便快捷。通过MATLAB分析了WXG-4型旋光仪和自制旋光仪实验数据,发现两种数据相似度极高。该自主改装的"直读式分光计旋光仪"可以作为一种测量糖溶液旋光率的新方法。     

Simultaneous measurement of optical rotation angle and retardance

In this study, an optical scheme based on Stokes-Mueller Formalism and rotating wave-plate Stokes polarimeter is successfully developed to simultaneously measure optical rotation angle and retardance. The average relative errors in the measured rotation angle and retardance of a half-wave plate which are solved by nonlinear equations of detected Stokes parameters are determined to be just 0.74% (1.16% for a perfect half-wave plate with retardance of 180°) and 0.40% respectively. The average relative error in the measured rotation angles of glucose solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.2 g/dl is determined to be 4.53% (2.98% under calibration with sample cell). From the inspection of simultaneous measurement of rotation angle and retardance in a glucose solution followed by a half-wave plate, the average relative error in the measured rotation angles of glucose solutions is determined to be 4.23% (1.81% under calibration with sample cell). The correlation coefficient between the measured rotation angle and the glucose concentration is found to be 0.99966, while the standard deviation is just 0.00357°, and the average relative error in the measured retardance of a half-wave plate is determined to be just 0.47%. Consequently, the derived algorithm for simultaneously measuring rotation angle and retardance is feasible, and the developed system is evaluated with a precision of 10% approximately in rotation angle and a high precision of 0.0032% in retardance measurement.     

The application of a rotating-wave-plate stokes polarimeter for measurement of the optical rotation angle

An optical scheme based on Stokes-Mueller formalism and rotating-wave-plate Stokes polarimeter is successfully developed to measure the optical rotation angle in a chiral medium. The average relative error in the measured rotation angle of a half-wave plate is determined to be 1.16%. The average relative error in the measured rotation angles of glucose solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.2 g/dl is determined to be 3.78%. The correlation coefficient between the measured rotation angle and the glucose concentration is found to be 0.99950, while the standard deviation is just 0.00376°. From the inspection of measured rotation angle in the sol-gel materials containing C₁₇H₁₇ClO₆ with concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.0665 g/ml, the average relative error in the measured rotation angles is determined to be 3.63%. Consequently, the derived algorithm for measuring the rotation angle of a chiral medium is feasible, and the developed system is evaluated with a precision of 5.4% approximately in rotation angle measurement.     

A phase quadrature interferometer for measuring the small optical rotation angle of a chiral medium

The passage of a linearly polarized beam through a chiral material and a phase retarder will induce a phase difference between the s and p polarizations of the beam. In this study, a phase quadrature interferometer is designed to measure the phase difference variation proportional to the optical rotation. The proportionality constant (or measurement sensitivity) can be greatly enhanced by setting the retardation of the phase retarder close to 0° or 180°. The experimental results demonstrate that with our system we can obtain a measurement resolution for the rotational angle of better than 3.5° × 10⁻⁴. This method has several advantages such as a simple optical setup, easier operation in real time, and low cost. In addition, due to the common-path arrangement, surrounding noise can be eliminated.     

An instrument for measuring low optical rotation angle

This paper develops a linear heterodyne interferometer based on phase-locked extraction for measuring low optical rotation angle. The validity of the proposed design is demonstrated by measuring a half-wave plate. The average relative error in the measured rotation angle of the half-wave plate is determined as just 0.74%. When applied to the measurement of glucose solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.2 g/dl, the average relative error in the measured rotation angle of glucose solutions is determined to be 1.46%. The correlation coefficient between the measured rotation angle and the glucose concentration is determined to be 0.999991, while the standard deviation is just 0.00051°. The current system is capable of measuring glucose concentration as low as 0.01 g/dl with an error of 6.67% in the rotation angle measurement. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed system to obtain highly accurate measurement of the optical rotation angle.     

数字散斑亚像素小角位移测量的曲面拟合法

与传统测量方法相比,数字散斑相关法由于其目标特征单元网格划分的灵活性,能够更好地满足不同场合小角位移的测量需求。针对该方法亚像素小角位移测量的曲面拟合参数选择问题,研究了亚像素测量图像小角旋转前后的九点二次曲面拟合法,并根据计算机生成模拟散斑进行模拟实验分析,得到最佳误差效率优化条件下的曲面拟合法求解亚像素小角位移的最佳散斑尺寸3.5 pixel、计算窗口尺寸41×41 pixel和拟合窗口尺寸3×3 pixel。实验验证了上述测量参数的有效性,为进一步的曲面拟合法数字散斑成像角位移测量提供参考。     

Simple optical method for small angular displacement measurement based on the astigmatic effect

We propose a novel small-angle measuring optical method based on the astigmatic effect of two orthogonally placed cylindrical lenses. According to the one-to-one correspondence between the laser spot shape and the angle,the angle is determined. We theoretically analyze the measuring range and demonstrate that a longer distance between the rotating axis and the optical axis leads to a smaller measuring range, but better sensitivity. Also, an associated experimental system is established and a measuring range of 0.94 mrad(cubic fit r = 0.9993) as well as a good linear range of 0.37 mrad(linear fit r=0.9994) with a resolution of 8 μrad is achieved.     

双频激光干涉测角中角锥镜的不对称性对测角精度影响的分析

对双频激光干涉测角中反射镜组内两角锥镜的不对称性进行了分析,包括两反射角锥镜的制造工艺误差——两反射角锥镜的厚度偏差,以及安装偏差——两反射角锥镜前表面不平行度。推导出了由于该类误差带来的测角影响,建立了精确的角度测量模型。     

基于显微光杠杆技术的微结构偏转角测量系统

针对微结构的偏转角度测试需求,设计并搭建了一套基于显微光杠杆技术的角度测量系统。该系统将光杠杆光路与无限共轭显微光路相结合,所得聚焦光斑直径小于10μm;采用电流模式电路处理四象限探测器输出信号,系统理论带宽超过5MHz;系统对微结构的转角测量分辨力和理论量程分别可达1.2″和±4°。利用该系统测量了原子力显微镜微悬臂梁探针在步进载荷下的偏转情况,测量结果与铁摩辛柯梁理论计算一致,验证了系统的可靠性。     

光学超外差法小平面角精密测量

文本用纵向塞曼双频稳频激光器作光源,提出了一种光学超外差法小平面角的精密测量方法.此方法采用相位干涉测量技术,测角灵敏度可达0.002”.优于其他平面角测量仪的测角灵敏度.     

基于弹光调制的高灵敏旋光测量

为了实现连续稳定、高速、高精度和高灵敏度的光学旋光测量, 考虑到弹光偏振调制技术具有高的调制频率、调制纯度、调制精度和良好的调制稳定度等应用优势, 设计了一种基于弹光调制的旋光测量新方案. 检测激光经起偏器、测量样品、弹光调制器和检偏器到探测器的光路设计, 使得测量系统选用较少的光学器件, 最大化地降低了光学器件可能引入的测量误差; 起偏器和检偏器偏振轴相对于弹光调制器快轴方向分别取0°和45°的光学安排, 并选择弹光调制的二倍频信号作为研究对象, 有效避免了弹光调制器剩余双折射对旋光样品测量的影响, 提高了旋光测量精确度; 将探测器输出调制信号的直流和交流分开输出, 并将交流信号进行前置放大处理, 然后再锁相输出, 进一步提高了测量灵敏度. 设计了将激光调制为圆偏光, 然后精确调节起偏器来替代样品的旋光测量验证试验, 确定了系统旋光测量的比列系数, 并且获得旋光测量灵敏度为3.15×10^-7 rad, 测量精度优于0.3%. 所以, 本方案实现了较高灵敏度旋光测量, 有望应用于高灵敏旋光测量领域, 并且本方案的实验可为高灵敏旋光测量系统的定标提供参考.