Nonlinear properties of surface “screw” instability in symmetric semiconductor plates

For the first time we study the nonlinear properties of the surface screw instability (SSI) when waves are excited at both faces of a plate and the interaction between them must be taken into account. The nature of the SSI development and the stability of surface screw waves against modulation are examined. Diagrams of the regions where the SSI development is soft and explosive as well as the regions of modulated waves are given in the space of parameters characterizing the electro-hole plasma and external fields.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 30–34, April 1990.     

Investigation of scaling properties in monthly streamflow and Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) time series in the Ebro basin (Spain)

Scaling behaviors in monthly streamflow and Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) of 11 gauging stations in Ebro basin (Spain) were analyzed: four located in the mainstream and seven in tributaries. The time span is from 1950 to 2005. The methods used are the power spectrum and the detrended fluctuation analysis. All the streamflows are signaled by the presence of the yearly oscillation, which also plays the role of crossover between two regions: for frequencies smaller than the yearly cycle (or timescales higher than 1 year) the dynamics is approximately random, while for frequencies higher than the yearly frequency (or timescales smaller than 1 year) the dynamics is persistently correlated. The SSI shows approximately similar characteristics, although the annual oscillation is not evidenced. Except for a few peculiar features, the power spectrum and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) have shown similar results for all the streamflow and SSI time series, indicating a universal scaling behavior over the Ebro basin.     

利用子孔径拼接法测量大口径凸面反射镜

在简要分析各种检测大口径凸球面方法优缺点的基础上,提出了利用子孔径测量凸面反射镜的新方法,利用干涉仪标准球面波前依次干涉测定大口径镜面上各个区域的相位分布,通过子孔径拼接算法即可求解得到镜面全口径面形信息。对该方法的基本原理和实现步骤进行了分析和研究,建立了大口径拼接检测算法数学模型,设计并研制了大口径反射镜拼接检验装置。结合实例对加工过程中的口径为300 mm的碳化硅凸面反射镜进行了9个子孔径的拼接干涉测量,并将检测结果与全口径面形测量结果进行对比,两种方法残差的PV值和RMS值分别为0.102 和0.009 (=632.8 nm)。     

子孔径拼接检测大口径非球面技术的研究

为了无需其他辅助光学元件就能够实现对大口径非球面的测量,提出了子孔径拼接干涉检测方法。并基于齐次坐标变换、最小二乘法以及Zernike多项式拟合建立了综合优化和误差均化的拼接数学模型;开发了子孔径拼接检测非球面算法软件,进行了计算机模拟和仿真实验;设计和搭建了子孔径拼接干涉检测装置,并利用子孔径拼接实现了对口径为350mm的双曲面的检测;为了分析和对比,对待测非球面进行零位补偿检测实验,子孔径拼接所得的面形分布和零位补偿检测所得的全口径面形分布都是一致的,其面形误差PV值和RMS值的偏差分别为0.032λ和0.004λ(λ=632.8nm)。从而提供了除零位补偿检测外另一种定量测试非球面尤其是大口径非球面的手段。     

子孔径拼接干涉检测离轴非球面研究

将子孔径拼接技术与干涉技术相结合提出了一种新的检测离轴非球面的方法,该方法无需其他辅助光学元件就可以实现对大口径、离轴非球面的测量.对其基本原理进行了分析和研究;并基于齐次坐标变换、最小二乘拟合建立了综合优化和误差均化的拼接数学模型;开发了子孔径拼接检测非球面的算法软件,并设计和搭建了子孔径拼接干涉检测装置;利用综合优...     

柔性基础对ICF装置稳定性的影响

 为探讨土-结构相互作用（SSI）对惯性约束聚变（ICF）装置在地脉动作用下响应的影响,建立了某ICF装置刚性地基和柔性地基两种有限元模型。通过设置人工虚拟边界的弹簧单元和阻尼装置来考虑SSI效应,并且通过设置具有概率意义的弹簧刚度和阻尼系数,来模拟岩土特性参数的不确定性。两个模型地脉动随机响应结果的对比分析,揭示了柔性地基条件下SSI效应及岩土地基参数不确定性对装置的影响。研究表明,考虑岩性地基的柔性时,ICF装置主要部位的位移响应和转角响应分别放大了1.24和1.49倍。     

Multicanonical sampling of the space of states of ℋ(2, <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>)-vector models

Problems of temperature behavior of specific heat are solved by the entropy simulation method for Ising models on a simple square lattice and a square spin ice (SSI) lattice with nearest neighbor interaction, models of hexagonal lattices with short-range (SR) dipole interaction, as well as with long-range (LR) dipole interaction and free boundary conditions, and models of spin quasilattices with finite interaction radius. It is established that systems of a finite number of Ising spins with LR dipole interaction can have unusual thermodynamic properties characterized by several specific-heat peaks in the absence of an external magnetic field. For a parallel multicanonical sampling method, optimal schemes are found empirically for partitioning the space of states into energy bands for Ising and SSI models, methods of concatenation and renormalization of histograms are discussed, and a flatness criterion of histograms is proposed. It is established that there is no phase transition in a model with nearest neighbor interaction on a hexagonal lattice, while the temperature behavior of specific heat exhibits singularity in the same model, in case of LR interaction. A spin quasilattice is found that exhibits a nonzero value of residual entropy.     

On the Similarity Between the Orientation of the Cross-Field Anisotropy of Small-Scale Irregularities and the Direction of the Plasma Drift in the Ionosphere Over Moscow

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - We collate the drift directions of medium-scale irregularities (MSI) and the orientation of the cross-field anisotropy of small-scale irregularities (SSI) in...     

非零位检测凸非球面反射镜的研究

在简要总结各种检测凸非球面方法优缺点的基础上,提出了利用部分补偿法和子孔径拼接干涉检测凸非球面的新方法。分别研究和分析了这两种非零位检测非球面方法的基本原理和基础理论;设计并制作了部分补偿器件,并对其系统误差进行了标定;开发了综合优化和误差均化的子孔径拼接算法;设计并研制了两种方法都适用的检测装置。并结合实例对一口径为130 mm的碳化硅凸非球面分别进行了部分补偿检测和子孔径拼接测量,这两种方法测量所得的全口径面形分布是一致的,其PV值和RMS值的偏差仅为0.010 和 0.002 (=0.632 8 m)。从而提供了两种非零位补偿测试凸非球面的手段。     

Entanglement of spin pairs in alternating open spin-1/2 chains with the XY Hamiltonian

We investigate entanglement of spin pairs in alternating open spin chains (s = 1/2) with spin-spin interactions (SSI) in the thermodynamic equilibrium state in an external magnetic field. The reduced density matrix of an arbitrarily chosen spin pair was calculated. The entanglement of a spin pair was evaluated with the Wootters criterion. The temperature at which the entangled state arises in the chosen pair was determined. Entanglement (concurrence) is shown to oscillate as a function of the position of a spin pair in the chain. The results demonstrate the dependence of the entanglement in arbitrarily chosen pairs of neighboring spins on the temperature, the position of the spin pair in the chain, chain length, and the ratio between the SSI constants. Qualitative explanation of these dependences is offered. The role of the terminal spins in the generation of entanglement is explained.     

The alignment of spectrometers and quantitative measurements in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The alignment of the sample in X-ray photoelectron spectrometers is usually made to optimize the spectral intensities. There are two important classes of spectrometer: (i) those in which the analyser acceptance area is independent of the analysed electron kinetic energy; and (ii) those in which this area varies. Model experiments show how an example of a VG ESCALAB II conforms to class (i) whereas an example of an SSI X-probe is of class (ii) and shows an analyser acceptance area which depends approximately inversely on the emitted electron kinetic energy. This latter result means that the SSI X-probe spectrometer must be aligned for the electrons of the highest kinetic energy (smallest analyser acceptance area). A misalignment of 0.1 mm in the sample height can cause a 10% change in the relative intensities between 0 and 1000 eV binding energies. This dependence of the analyser acceptance area with energy is an effect likely to be common in the advanced electron optical systems of modern electron spectrometers and should be understood in order to use such spectrometers effectively. Such dependencies should be determined by analysts for their own instruments in the operating mode that is used for conducting work in which the repeatability of intensity measurements is important.     

Generation of ionospheric irregularities upon propagation of solitary internal gravity wave during the major magnetic storm of October 29–31, 2003

Using the technique of global detection of ionospheric disturbances, based on processing the data of the global GPS-receiver network, we obtain experimental proof of the existence of a solitary wave (soliton) in the atmosphere during the main phase of the major magnetic storm of October 30, 2003. The soliton with a characteristic duration of about 40 min and a relative amplitude of up to 40%, originated at the moment of the maximum disturbance of the Earth’s magnetic field, traveled without changing its shape at a distance of up to 4500 km with a velocity of 1400 m/s, which exceeded the atmospheric sound velocity at the heights of the main electron-density maximum in the ionosphere (about 300 km) by a factor of 1.5. The intensity of variations in the total electron content in the period range 1–10 min increases by an order of magnitude as the soliton propagates from the North-East to the South-West of the USA in the regions with the maximum amplitude of the large-scale disturbance. This corresponds to enhancement of ionospheric irregularities with scales from 10 to 100 km, and also of small-scale irregularities (SSI) with scales of 100 to 1000 m, since the spectrum of the ionospheric irregularities has a power-law shape. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the density distribution of phase slips of GPS signals are close to the corresponding characteristics of the SSI intensity. This agrees with the existing concept that the phase slips result from scattering of GPS radio signals by SSIs. Both the SSI amplitude and the density of phase slips decrease as the soliton decays in amplitude. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 89–104, February 2006.     

Lee-Goldburg solid-state imaging.

A new approach to solid-state imaging (SSI) is presented. The method relies on narrowing the resonance line using the Lee-Goldburg sequence. The technique is easy to implement in practice and may find widespread applications in materials science.     

宽光谱棱镜型太阳光谱仪设计

为实现大气层外太阳光谱辐照度(SSI)变化的长期例行监测,设计了一种星载宽光谱太阳光谱仪结构。全系统仅使用单片折反式曲面棱镜实现太阳光谱250～2500 nm的分光,并通过棱镜转动实现谱平面上多探测器的同步扫描探测;同时基于Huygens子波点扩展函数（PSF）仿真了光谱仪的光谱响应函数（SRF）和光谱分辨率。分光棱镜在±2.5°扫描转角内的全谱段子午像差小于8μm;光谱分辨率在紫外谱段(250～400 nm)为0.7～3.5 nm,可见/近红外谱段(400～1000 nm)为3.5～35.0 nm,短波红外谱段(1000～2500 nm)内为28.5～41.2 nm。整个系统结构简单紧凑,性能稳定可靠,分光和像差校正能力满足大气层外太阳光谱辐照度长期监测需求。     

Methods of strain measurement and their comparison

Three methods for strain measurement are described—speckle shearing interferometry (SSI), electrical strain gages and mechanical deflectometers; they were compared to the analytical method based on the theory of elasticity. The experimental methods were simultaneously applied on a simply supported uniformly loaded plate of a composite material. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and the calculated results, at the points of measurement within the range of loading.     

Medical applications of solid state ionics

Solid state ionic materials and devices are being used in medicine in many ways. A brief initial introduction to the materials, the devices and the pertinent electrophysiological and clinical aspects is presented. To exemplify the breadth of SSI material and device applications, an overview is given of three main areas: Biomedical applications of solid state power sources; biofuel cells; and iontophoretic and related devices used for controlled transdermal drug delivery and monitoring of physiological parameters.     

Small-scale integration of fused tapers

The Small-Scale Integration (SSI) of fused couplers is proposed. The idea is to make several couplers on a single continuous piece of fiber rather than making discrete couplers and then splicing them together. Rudimentary tooling was set up to fabricate the couplers. Nine devices were successfully integrated onto a single fiber. In addition, a theory of fused tapers was developed. The fabrication parameters are analytically related to fiber geometry, which in turn, is related to the optical performance of the device.     

子孔径拼接检测非球面时调整误差的补偿

针对在子孔径拼接测量非球面的过程中干涉仪与待测非球面相对位置存在的对准误差,提出了一种基于模式搜索迭代算法的调整误差补偿方法。该方法可以很好地从测量的子孔径相位数据中消除由拼接测量位置没有对准带来的调整误差,实现多个子孔径的精确拼接。对该方法的基本原理和实现步骤进行了分析和研究,建立了子孔径拼接测量的调整误差补偿模型。对口径为230 mm×141 mm的离轴碳化硅非球面反射镜进行了调整误差补偿和相位数据拼接,得到了精确的全口径面形分布。作为验证,对待测非球面进行了零位补偿检测,结果显示两种测试方法的面形PV值和RMS值的相对偏差仅为0.57%和2.74%。     

组件非线性响应人工神经网络建模及在传导干扰分析中的应用

根据描述大信号激励下组件响应的黑箱模型——非线性散射参数,提出利用有限实验数据通过人工神经网络建模获得组件非线性散射参数的方法,利用该方法对二极管构成的非线性组件的预测结果与实验测量结果吻合良好。推导了二端口非线性器件与三端口线性器件的非线性散射参数级联计算公式,并讨论非线性散射参数在传导干扰分析中的应用。通过具体实例的计算结果与实测结果的对比,证明了基于人工神经网络学习模型的非线性散射参数获取方法非常便于包含非线性组件的传导干扰分析,这对于系统级电磁效应分析具有重要意义。     

Stochastic Processes and Mean Field Systems Defined by Nonlinear Markov Chains: An Illustration for a Model of Evolutionary Population Dynamics

In physics, there is a growing interest in studying stochastic processes described by evolution equations such as nonlinear master equations and nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations that define the so-called nonlinear Markov processes and are nonlinear with respect to probability densities. In this context, however, relatively little is known about nonlinear Markov processes defined by nonlinear Markov chains. In the present work, we demonstrate explicitly how the nonlinear Markov chain approach can be carried out by addressing a model for evolutionary population dynamics. In line with the nonlinear Markov chain approach, we derive a measure that tells us how attractive it is for a biological entity to evolve towards a particular biological type. Likewise, a measure for the noise level of the evolutionary process is obtained. Both measures are found to be implicitly time dependent. Finally, a simulation scheme for the many-body system corresponding to the Markov chain model is discussed.