阻抑动力学光度法测定微量氟

1　引　　言动力学光度法对氟离子的测定主要是基于氟离子对二元或三元络合物形成的竞争、抑制或催化作用。陈国树利用Fe3+ 在酸性介质中催化H2 O2 氧化甲基红的褪色反应 ,报道了测定Fe3+ 的方法。我们研究发现 ,F- 可与Fe3+ 络合从而对上述催化反应有明显的抑制作用。进一步研究发现 ,F- 可直接阻抑H2 O2 氧化甲基红的褪色反应 ,据此建立了测定微量氟的阻抑动力学光度分析法。方法简便快速 ,灵敏度较高 ,可用于牙膏、水中氟含量的测定。2　实验部分2 1　仪器和试剂　 72 2型分光光度计 (四川仪表九厂 ) ;CS5 0 1型超级恒温器 (重庆试…     

双核开链茂铁咪唑受体的合成与阴离子识别研究

通过二茂铁甲基咪唑1与不同的二溴代烷反应合成了一系列双核开链的茂铁咪唑受体3a~3e,化合物3e的晶体结构表明分子间有着强的C—H…F氢键作用.利用电化学和核磁共振氢谱考察了受体3a~3e对不同常见阴离子的识别能力.电化学滴定实验表明受体3a~3e在乙腈溶液中均能很好地识别F-.核磁滴定证实了受体与不同阴离子之间氢键作用及参与类型.Job曲线表明受体分子与阴离子间形成1∶1型的配合物,通过络合常数(Ka)的对比表明受体3c对氟离子的选择性识别能力最好.     

基于2-硫代海因的氟离子探针

通过异亮氨酸甲酯盐酸盐与4-硝基苯基异硫氰酸酯或4-氰基苯基异硫氰酸酯反应合成2-硫代海因探针1和2.在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,用系列含阴离子的四正丁基铵盐来评价其阴离子识别能力.加入F-后,1和2的DMF溶液由无色立即变为黄色,而加入Cl-,4HSO-,Br-,3NO-和3 2CH CO-均不变,表明1和2对氟离子显示出良好的识别性能.核磁滴定氢谱揭示了F-与2-硫代海因的氢键作用引发了1和2的识别,结合常数显示1比2对F-更敏感.此外,1作为化学传感器还可以制成试纸检测F-.     

基于有机小分子的焦磷酸根荧光探针研究进展

焦磷酸根(PPi)作为一种重要的生物功能阴离子在生命科学、环境科学、药物领域和化学过程等方面起着非常重要的作用.鉴于荧光分析具有操作简便、灵敏度高等突出优点,设计合成高效的PPi荧光探针成为近年来超分子化学研究的热点之一.综述了近年来PPi荧光识别与传感的多种设计策略与原理,主要包括基于荧光增强或淬灭型识别,激基缔合物识别,荧光指示剂置换,静电或氢键作用识别等.DPA-金属离子络合物,尤其是DPA-Zn2+络合物,作为识别基团对PPi有着显著的亲和性和选择性识别能力.DPA-Zn2+络合物与多种荧光团或者荧光指示剂组合而形成的化学传感体系已经被广泛应用于PPi荧光识别与传感.     

铽配合物Tb(PMIP)3(PhCA)的合成及阴离子识别研究

本文设计合成了稀土铽配合物Tb(PMW)3(PhCA)作为阴离子试剂,利用荧光光谱考察了其与F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、ClO4-、NO3-、AcO-和H2PO-4等阴离子的作用.研究结果表明:不同阴离子的加入能够调控,Tb(PMIP)3(PhCA)的发光行为,当一定量的氟离子(醋酸根离子、磷酸二氢根离子)加入到Tb(PMIP)3(PhCA)的乙腈溶液中后,荧光发射增强;过量的氟离子(醋酸根离子、磷酸二氢根离子)加入后则使其荧光淬灭.而在乙腈和水混合溶液中,Tb(PMIP)3(PhCA)则能选择性识别氟离子和磷酸二氢根离子.     

氨基硫脲分子钳的合成及对阴离子的识别作用

合成了2个新型氨基硫脲分子钳主体3a(1,3-二（o-甲苯氧乙酰氨基硫脲甲酰基）苯)和3b(1,3-二（p-甲苯氧乙酰氨基硫脲甲酰基）苯),利用UV-Vis和1H NMR测试其对F-、AcO-、Cl-、Br-和I-的阴离子识别性质。 结果表明,主体分子在DMSO溶液中对F-和AcO-表现出明显的选择性识别。 1H NMR光谱证明,主体分子与阴离子之间以氢键相结合,结合Job曲线得出主体分子与阴离子之间形成1∶1型氢键缔合物。 讨论了NH识别位点数及空间结构对识别性质的影响。 与硫脲对比,主体3a具有多个NH结合位点,可形成多个氢键,结合常数（Ks）更大。 与化合物3b相比,主体3a较大的空间位阻阻碍了其与阴离子的结合,因此两种主体分子与F-和AcO-结合常数均体现为Ks(F-)＞Ks(AcO-)。     

N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-芳酰氨基硫脲对一些阴离子的识别性能研究

应用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱考察了N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-芳酰氨基硫脲在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中与F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、CH3CO2-和HSO4-的相互作用。结果表明,该类主体分子b和d能与阴离子形成结合比为1∶1的氢键配合物,荧光光谱显示它们对F-有突出的响应灵敏度,可选择性识别F-。     

荧光分子开关的合成与性能测定综合实验教学设计

设计合成了含有酚羟基的BODIPY基荧光探针分子1,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱和氢谱核磁滴定手段研究了探针分子1的阴离子识别与传感性能。研究发现探针分子1可以通过氢键作用选择性键合氟离子,而1-F-复合物可以作为硫酸氢根离子的关-开型荧光探针。探针分子1还可以进一步发展为氟离子和硫酸氢根离子调控的荧光分子开关。结合课堂教学和拓展阅读,使学生进一步了解了荧光分子开关的知识,培养了学生科研兴趣。     

含1,8-萘酰亚胺单元的咔唑磺酰肼受体的合成及对阴离子的识别研究

设计合成了一个新型的含1,8-萘酰亚胺信号单元的咔唑磺酰肼类阴离子受体1,荧光和UV-vis光谱滴定实验表明,1在DMSO中能选择性识别具有重要生物学意义的F-,Ac O-和2 4H PO-;受体1与这些阴离子形成1∶1的配合物,且它们的结合常数均大于103 L?mol-1.有趣的是,在含水10%(V/V)的DMSO中1对F-表现出了专一性识别.DMSO-d6中的核磁滴定表明,在F-浓度较低时,受体1通过五重分子间氢键作用与其产生了有效结合.     

三核笼状茂铁咪唑受体的合成与阴离子识别

以间三苯酚为原料与不同的二溴代烷反应得到不同链长的三溴中间体1a~1c,再与二茂铁甲基咪唑反应得到不同臂长的三核茂铁咪唑阴离子受体2a~2c.利用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)研究了受体与阴离子的结合特性.电化学滴定实验结果表明,受体2a~2c在乙腈溶液中均能很好地识别F-;核磁滴定结果表明,受体2a~2c在DMSO-d6中与阴离子通过(C—H)+…anion氢键作用形成1∶1络合物,F-的滴加同时对受体产生去质子化效应;阴离子识别实验结果表明,三核茂铁咪唑受体能很好地选择性识别F-.     

What anions do inside a receptor's cavity: a trifurcate anion receptor providing both electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions

The trifurcate receptor 1(3+) forms stable 1:1 complexes with halide and oxo anions in MeCN solution, as shown by spectrophotometric and 1H NMR experiments, and selectively recognizes chloride (lg K(ass) > 7) in the presence of fluoride and bromide. The high stability reflects the receptor's ability to donate up to six hydrogen bonds (from three pyrrole N-H and three C-H fragments, polarized by the proximate positive charge) to the included anion. Addition of an excess of more basic anions (F- and CH3COO-) induces stepwise deprotonation of the N-H groups, an event signalled by the appearance of a bright yellow color. Crystal and molecular structures are reported for the complex with NO3(-) and a capsule consisting of two interconnected trifurcate subunits, one of which includes an H-bound Br- ion, while the other is doubly deprotonated and includes an H-bound water molecule. Finally, evidence is given for the formation in solution of an authentic complex of OH-, in which H-bound hydroxide is included within the cavity of 1(3+).     

Synthesis, photophysical, and anion-sensing properties of quinoxalinebis(sulfonamide) functionalized receptors and their metal complexes

We report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of a series of organic receptors and their corresponding ReI and RuII metal complexes as anion probes featuring bis(sulfonamide) interacting sites incorporating highly chromophoric pi-conjugated quinoxaline moieties. The interactions with various anions were extensively investigated. These probe molecules are capable of recognizing F-, OAc-, CN-, and H2PO4- with different sensitivities. The probe-anion interactions can be easily visualized via naked-eye colorimetric or luminescent responses. Probe 1 has the weakest acidic sulfonamide N-H protons and therefore simply forms hydrogen-bonding complexes with F-, OAc-, CN-, and H2PO4-. Probe 2 undergoes a stepwise process with the addition of F- and OAc-: formation of a hydrogen-bound complex followed by sulfonamide N-H deprotonation. Direct sulfonamide N-H deprotonation occurs upon the addition of CN-, while only a hydrogen-bound complex forms with the H2PO4- ion for probe 2 in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. Similar probe-anion interactions occur in probe 3 with the addition of F-, CN-, or H2PO4-. However, only a genuine hydrogen-bound complex forms in the presence of the OAc- ion in a DMSO solution of probe 3 because of the subtle difference in the pKa values of sulfonamide N-H protons when probes 2 and 3 are compared. Coordination of probe 1 to a ReI center or probe 2 to a RuII center increases the intrinsic acidity of sulfonamide N-H protons and results in an enhanced sensitivity to anions.     

A highly efficient and selective probe for F- detection based on 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenazine derivative

A new colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensor for F detection based on 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenazine derivative has been designed and synthesized.It shows excellent fluorescent specific selectivity and sensitivity for F in DMSO solution.Upon addition of F to the solution of probe 1,a remarkable color change from yellow to red could be observed easily by the naked-eye.The detection limit of this probe toward F is 6.2 10 6mol/L.Analysis by1 H NMR proved that the imidazolyl N–H could be hydrogen-bonded with added fluoride anions,and results in the difference of colors.     

Anion binding in the C3v-symmetric cavity of a protonated tripodal amine receptor: potentiometric and single crystal X-ray studies

Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) based pentafluorophenyl-substituted tripodal L, tris[[(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)amino]ethyl]amine receptor is synthesized in good yield and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Detailed structural aspects of binding of different anionic guests toward L in its triprotonated form are examined thoroughly. Crystallographic results show binding of fluoride in the C(3v)-symmetric cavity of [H(3)L](3+) where spherical anion fluoride is in tricoordinated geometry via (N-H)(+)···F interaction in the complex [H(3)L(F)]·[F](2)·2H(2)O, (3). In the case of complexes [H(3)L(OTs)]·[OTs](2), (4) and [H(3)L(OTs)]·[NO(3)]·[OTs], (5), tetrahedral p-toluenesulphonate ion is engulfed in the cavity of [H(3)L](3+) via (N-H)(+)···O interactions. Interestingly, complex [(H(3)L)(2)(SiF(6))]·[BF(4)](4)·CH(3)OH·H(2)O, (6) shows encapsulation of octahedral hexafluorosilicate in the dimeric capsular assembly of two [H(3)L](3+) units, via a number of (N-H)(+)···F interactions. The kinetic parameters of L upon binding with different anions are evaluated using a potentiometric study in solution state. The potentiometric titration experiments in a polar protic methanol/water (1:1 v/v) binary solvent system show high affinity of the receptor toward more basic fluoride and acetate anions, with a lesser affinity for other inorganic anions (e.g., chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, dihydrogenphosphate, and p-toluenesulphonate).     

Neutral acyclic anion receptor with thiadiazole spacer: halide binding study and halide-directed self-assembly in the solid state

A halide binding study of a newly synthesized neutral acyclic receptor LH(2) with a thiadiazole spacer has been methodically performed both in solution and in the solid state. Crystal structure analysis of the halide complexes elucidate the fact that fluoride forms an unusual 1:1 hyrogen-bonded complex with monodeprotonated receptor, whereas in the case of other congeners, such as chloride and bromide, the receptor binds two halide anions along with formation of a halide-bridged 1D polymeric chain network by participation of N-H···X(-) and aromatic C-H···X(-) hydrogen-bonding (where X = Cl and Br) interactions. The presence of a rigid thiadiazole spacer presumably opens up enough space for capturing two halide anions by a single receptor molecule, where the coordinated -NH protons are pointed in the same direction with respect to the spacer and eventually favor formation of halide (Cl(-) and Br(-)) induced polymeric architecture, although no obvious chloride- or bromide-directed polymeric assembly is found in solution. A significant red shift of 243 nm in the absorption spectra of LH(2) was solely observed in the presence of excess fluoride anion, which enables LH(2) as an efficient colorimetric sensor for optical detection of fluoride anion (yellow to blue). Furthermore, spectroscopic titration experiments with increasing equivalents of fluoride anion suggest formation of a H-bonded complex with subsequent stepwise deprotonation of two N-H groups, which can be visually monitored by a change in color from yellow to blue via pink.     

Oxyanion-encapsulated caged supramolecular frameworks of a tris(urea) receptor: evidence of hydroxide- and fluoride-ion-induced fixation of atmospheric CO2 as a trapped CO3(2-) anion

A tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-based tris(urea) receptor, L, with electron-withdrawing m-nitrophenyl terminals has been established as a potential system that can efficiently capture and fix atmospheric CO(2) as air-stable crystals of a CO(3)(2-)-encapsulated molecular capsule (complex 1), triggered by the presence of n-tetrabutylammonium hydroxide/fluoride in a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of L. Additionally, L in the presence of excess HSO(4)(-) has been found to encapsulate a divalent sulfate anion (SO(4)(2-)) within a dimeric capsular assembly of the receptor (complex 2) via hydrogen-bonding-activated proton transfer between the free and bound HSO(4)(-) anions. Crystallographic results show proof of oxyanion encapsulation within the centrosymmetric cage of L via multiple N-H···O hydrogen bonds to the six urea functions of two inversion-symmetric molecules. The solution-state binding and encapsulation of oxyanions by N-H···O hydrogen bonding has also been confirmed by quantitative (1)H NMR titration experiments, 2D NOESY NMR experiments, and Fourier transform IR analyses of the isolated crystals of the complexes that show huge spectral changes relative to the free receptor.     

Photophysical and density functional studies of the interaction of a flavone derivative with the halides

The synthesis, photophysical behavior, and anion-sensing ability of a fluorescent molecular system, N-(3-methoxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)-benzamide (1H), designed and developed with a view to sensing fluoride ions, are reported. NMR and density functional studies on the system have been carried out to determine the nature of the interaction between 1H and X- (X = halogen atom) responsible for fluoride-induced dramatic changes in the absorption and emission properties of 1H. The color change of 1H, which can be observed by the naked eye, is found specific to fluoride ion; it is unaffected by the presence of a large excess of Cl-, Br-, and I-, thus rendering 1H as a selective fluoride ion sensor in micromolar concentration in the visible region. The changes in the fluorescence behavior of 1H, specifically, the formation of an additional long-wavelength emission band in the presence of fluoride ion, allow ratiometric fluorescence signaling of the fluoride ion as well. The results suggest that abstraction of the acidic proton of 1H by the F- leading to the formation of 1- is responsible for the spectral changes that allow signaling of the F-. Density functional calculations of the optimized geometrical parameters and charge densities of the 1H...halide complexes confirm the proton abstraction mechanism of the signaling of F-. Calculations of the transition energies of the 1H, 1-, and 1H...F- (hydrogen-bonded complex) show that only 1- is responsible for the long-wavelength absorption and emission band observed in the presence of F-.     

A New Maleamide Bridged Carbazole Chromogenic-sensor Based on Proton Transfer Signaling Mode

A Maleamide bridged carbazole receptor was designed and synthesized, the interactions between the receptor and anions, such as Ac-, H2PO4-, OH-, F-, Cl-, Br- and I- in DMSO were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR titration. The results of UV-Vis spectral studies indicate that interactions existed between receptor and anions, which induced remarkable color changes. The 1H NMR titration indicated amide moiety of the receptor was deprontonated first when a small quantity of anions such as Ac-, H2PO4-, F- were added; however, the carbazole N―H was gradually deprontonated upon the addition of anions.     

Theoretical study of thiourea derivatives as chemosensors for fluoride and acetate anions

The different interactions between a chemosensor,1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)-thiourea(1),and F-,acetate(AcO-),Cl-,and Br-anions have been investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level with the basis set superposition error(BSSE) correction.It was found that the high selectivity of compound 1 for F-can be ascribed to the ability of the anion to deprotonate the N-H fragment of the host sensor,while the chemosensor also has a strong affinity for AcO-by virtue of the formation of a hydrogen-bonded complex.Intramolecular charge transfer(ICT) causes the colorimetric signaling of compound 1 after interaction with F-/AcO-.A study of substituent effects suggested that the O/NH-and O/S-substituted derivatives are also expected to be promising candidates for chromogenic F-/AcO-chemosensors.     

含脲苯并咪唑类离子液体的合成及阴离子识别性能

设计并合成了含脲苯并咪唑离子液体受体分子1~3, 利用紫外-可见光谱、 荧光光谱和 ¹H NMR滴定研究了其对F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, CH₃COO^-, HSO₄^-, H₂PO₄^-等阴离子的识别性能. 紫外-可见光谱研究发现, 受体分子1~3可选择性地识别F^-, 并形成1: 1型主客体配合物; 荧光光谱研究发现, 受体分子1~3对碱性阴离子有较好的识别作用, 主客体结合常数的顺序为H₂PO₄^->CH₃COO^-≈ F^->HSO₄^- ≈ Cl^->Br^- ≈ I^-; ¹H NMR滴定研究发现, 该类受体分子以咪唑2位CH和脲基NH与阴离子通过氢键结合, 但高浓度的F^-会导致受体分子发生脱质子作用.