Irregular Partially Invariant Solutions of Rank 2 and Defect 1 to Equations of Gas Dynamics

We consider three-dimensional subalgebras admitted by the equations of gas dynamics having time as an invariant and containing no rotation operator. For such subalgebras we seek for irregular partially invariant solutions of rank 2 and defect 1. The representation for solutions has the form which generalizes motion of a gas with a linear velocity field. We show that partially invariant solutions exist for each subalgebra. We describe the set of these solutions. We find solutions with the indicated representation that are not partially invariant. The solutions reducible to invariant solutions are generalized to new submodels.     

A second Wronskian formulation of the Boussinesq equation

A Wronskian formulation leading to rational solutions is presented for the Boussinesq equation. It involves third-order linear partial differential equations, whose representative systems are systematically solved. The resulting solutions formulas provide a direct but powerful approach for constructing rational solutions, positon solutions and complexiton solutions to the Boussinesq equation. Various examples of exact solutions of those three kinds are computed. The newly presented Wronskian formulation is different from the one previously presented by Li et al., which does not yield rational solutions.     

Solutions of half-space and half-plane contact problems based on surface elasticity

Analytical solutions for the problems of an elastic half-space and an elastic half-plane subjected to a distributed normal force are derived in a unified manner using the general form of the linearized surface elasticity theory of Gurtin and Murdoch. The Papkovitch–Neuber potential functions, Fourier transforms and Bessel functions are utilized in the formulation. The newly obtained solutions are general and reduce to the solutions for the half-space and half-plane contact problems based on classical linear elasticity when the surface effects are not considered. Also, existing solutions for the half-space and half-plane contact problems based on simplified versions of Gurtin and Murdoch’s surface elasticity theory are recovered as special cases of the current solutions. By applying the new solutions directly, Boussinesq’s flat-ended punch problem, Hertz’s spherical punch problem and a conical punch problem are solved, which lead to depth-dependent hardness formulas different from those based on classical elasticity. The numerical results reveal that smoother elastic fields and smaller displacements are predicted by the current solutions than those given by the classical elasticity-based solutions. Also, it is shown that the out-of-plane displacement and stress components strongly depend on the residual surface stress. In addition, it is found that the new solutions based on the surface elasticity theory predict larger values of the indentation hardness than the solutions based on classical elasticity.     

New double Wronskian solutions of the AKNS equation

Soliton solutions, rational solutions, Matveev solutions, complexitons and interaction solutions of the AKNS equation are derived through a matrix method for constructing double Wronskian entries. The latter three solutions are novel. Moreover, rational solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation are obtained by reduction.     

Travelling wave solutions of a generalized Camassa-Holm-Degasperis-Procesi equation

The travelling wave solutions of a generalized Camassa-Holm-Degasperis-Procesi equation ut-uxxt + (1 + b)umux = buxuxx + uuxxx are considered where b > 1 and m are positive integers. The qualitative analysis methods of planar autonomous systems yield its phase portraits. Its soliton wave solutions, kink or antikink wave solutions, peakon wave solutions, compacton wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and periodic cusp wave solutions are obtained. Some numerical simulations of these solutions are also give...     

扩展的(G'/G)展开法求量子Zakharov-Kuznetsov方程的精确解

为得到量子Zakharov-Kuznetsov方程的一些新精确解,借助行波解的思想,结合齐次平衡原理和一类非线性常微分方程解的结构,利用扩展的(G'/G)展开方法,研究了其相应的更加丰富的精确解表达形式.新精确解的表达式主要由双曲函数、三角函数和有理数函数构成,出现了某些怪波解的情形.通过对比不同情况下解的形式,利用M...     

The hierarchy of higher order solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation

In this paper, we provide a simple method to generate higher order position solutions and rogue wave solutions for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The formulae of these higher order solutions are given in terms of determinants. The dynamics and structures of solutions generated by this method are studied.     

Some applications of the Cauchy integral in problems of the deformation of thin plates

Three complex potentials are used to obtain exact solutions of problems of the deformation of infinite thin plates of constant thickness with a circular or elliptical hole under uniaxial tension or under the action of internal pressure in three-dimensional setting. Solutions are sought using the Cauchy integral, which enables the solutions to be presented in finite form. The solutions obtained are compared with known solutions.     

Bäcklund transformations and abundant exact explicit solutions of the Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation

By using an extension of the homogeneous balance method and Maple, the Bäcklund transformations for the Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation are derived. The connections between the Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation and some linear partial differential equations are found. With the aid of the transformations given here and the computer program Maple 12, abundant exact explicit special solutions to the Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation are constructed. In addition to all known solutions re-deriving in a systematic way, several entirely new and more general exact explicit solitary wave solutions can also be obtained. These solutions include (a) the algebraic solitary wave solution of rational function, (b) single-soliton solutions, (c) double-soliton solutions, (d) N-soliton solutions, (e) singular traveling solutions, (f) the periodic wave solutions of trigonometric function type, and (g) many non-traveling solutions. By using the Airy’s function and the Bäcklund transformations obtained here, the exact explicit solution of the initial value problem for the STO equation is presented. The variety of the structure of the solutions for the Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation is illustrated.     

Finite-difference scheme for two-scale homogenized equations of one-dimensional motion of a thermoviscoelastic Voigt-type body

The Bakhvalov-Eglit two-scale homogenized equations are used to describe the motion of layered periodic compressible media with rapidly oscillating data. A new finite-difference scheme for a system of such equations is proposed and analyzed in the case of a thermoviscoelastic Voigt-type body. A priori estimates of solutions are derived for nonsmooth data. The existence and uniqueness of discrete solutions are established. A theorem is proved on the convergence of a subsequence of discrete solutions to a weak solution of the problem under study. Simultaneously, a new theorem on the existence of global weak solutions is deduced.     

具有Neumann边界的抛物型方程组的反馈能稳性

该文研究了一类半线性抛物型方程组平衡解的有限维反馈能稳性, 控制器由对应于平衡解的线性化系统的LQ问题所导出. 该文发现在受控系统中如何施加控制是与平衡解有关的, 对于不同的平衡解, 在受控系统中应施加不同的控制.     

Self-similar solutions of a Burgers-type equation with quadratically cubic nonlinearity

Self-similar solutions are found for a quadratically cubic second-order partial differential equation governing the behavior of nonlinear waves in various distributed systems, for example, in some metamaterials. They are compared with self-similar solutions of the Burgers equation. One of them describing a single unipolar pulse is shown to satisfy both equations. The other self-similar solutions of the quadratically cubic equation behave differently from the solutions of the Burgers equation. They are constructed by matching the positive and negative branches of the solution, so that the function itself and its first derivative are continuous. One of these solutions corresponds to an asymmetric solitary N-wave of the sonic shock type. Self-similar solutions of a quadratically cubic equation describing the propagation of cylindrically symmetric waves are also found.     

On an Alternative Parameterization of the Solutions of the Partial Realization Problem

The solutions of the partial realization problem have to satisfy a finite number of interpolation conditions at . The minimal degree of an interpolating deterministic system is called the algebraic degree or McMillan degree of the partial covariance sequence and is easy to compute. The solutions of the partial stochastic realization problem have to satisfy the same interpolation conditions and have to fulfill a positive realness constraint. The minimal degree of a stochastic realization is called the positive degree. In the literature, solutions of the partial realization problem are parameterized by the Kimura–Georgiou parameterization. Solutions of the partial stochastic realization problem are then obtained by checking the positive realness constraint for the interpolating solutions of the corresponding partial realization problem. In this paper, an alternative parameterization is developed for the solutions of the partial realization problems. Both the solutions of the partial and partial stochastic realization problem are analyzed in this parameterization, while the main concerns are the minimality and the uniqueness of the solutions. Based on the structure of the parameterization, a lower bound for the positive degree is derived.     

On the meromorphic solutions of an equation of Hayman

The behavior of meromorphic solutions of differential equations has been the subject of much study. Research has concentrated on the value distribution of meromorphic solutions and their rates of growth. The purpose of the present paper is to show that a thorough search will yield a list of all meromorphic solutions of a multi-parameter ordinary differential equation introduced by Hayman. This equation does not appear to be integrable for generic choices of the parameters so we do not find all solutions—only those that are meromorphic. This is achieved by combining Wiman-Valiron theory and local series analysis. Hayman conjectured that all entire solutions of this equation are of finite order. All meromorphic solutions of this equation are shown to be either polynomials or entire functions of order one.     

Derivation of the particle dynamics from kinetic equations

The microscopic solutions of the Boltzmann-Enskog equation discovered by Bogolyubov are considered. The fact that the time-irreversible kinetic equation has time-reversible microscopic solutions is rather surprising. We analyze this paradox and show that the reversibility or irreversibility property of the Boltzmann-Enskog equation depends on the considered class of solutions. If the considered solutions have the form of sums of delta-functions, then the equation is reversible. If the considered solutions belong to the class of continuously differentiable functions, then the equation is irreversible. Also, the so called approximate microscopic solutions are constructed. These solutions are continuous and they are reversible on bounded time intervals. This analysis suggests a way to reconcile the time-irreversible kinetic equations with the timereversible particle dynamics. Usually one tries to derive the kinetic equations from the particle dynamics. On the contrary, we postulate the Boltzmann-Enskog equation or another kinetic equation and treat their microscopic solutions as the particle dynamics. So, instead of the derivation of the kinetic equations from the microdynamics we suggest a kind of derivation of the microdynamics from the kinetic equations.     

A series of the solutions for the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation

The Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation is investigated. By applying the improved F‐expansion method (Exp‐function method) and the Jacobi elliptic method, respectively, a series of exact solutions is constructed. The parametric conditions of the existence for the solutions are presented. These solutions comprise periodic wave solutions, doubly periodic wave solutions, and dark and bright soliton solutions, which are expressed in several different function forms, namely, Jacobi elliptic function, trigonometric function, hyperbolic function, and exponential function. The results illustrate that the Exp‐function method is a powerful symbolic algorithm to look for new solutions for the nonlinear evolution systems.     

On solving a system of singular Volterra integral equations of convolution type

This paper presents approximate analytical solutions for a system of singular Volterra integral equations of convolution type by using the fractional differential transform method. The solutions are calculated in the form of convergent series with easily computable terms and also the exact solutions can be achieved by well-known series solutions. Several examples are given to demonstrate reliability and performance of the presented method.     

抽象空间中非线性算子方程变号解的存在性研究

利用Banach空间中的锥理论和不动点定理讨论了非线性算子方程变号解的存在性,给出了E_u_0空间下非线性算子方程变号解至少有一个变号解、一个正解和一个负解的条件,并讨论了仅通过一个上解条件得出非线性算子方程变号解的存在性定理.     

Degasperis-Procesi方程的类孤子新解

利用辅助方程与函数变换相结合的方法,构造了Degasperis-Procesi(D-P)方程的无穷序列类孤子新解.首先,通过两种函数变换,把D-P方程化为常微分方程组.然后,利用常微分方程组的首次积分,把D-P方程的求解问题化为几种常微分方程的求解问题.最后,利用几种常微分方程的Bcklund变换等相关结论,构造了D-P方程的无穷序列类孤子新解.这里包括由Riemannθ函数、Jacobi椭圆函数、双曲函数、三角函数和有理函数组成的无穷序列光滑孤立子解、尖峰孤立子解和紧孤立子解.     

Matrix correction of a dual pair of improper linear programming problems

A matrix is sought that solves a given dual pair of systems of linear algebraic equations. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to this problem are obtained, and the form of the solutions is found. The form of the solution with the minimal Euclidean norm is indicated. Conditions for this solution to be a rank one matrix are examined. On the basis of these results, an analysis is performed for the following two problems: modifying the coefficient matrix for a dual pair of linear programs (which can be improper) to ensure the existence of given solutions for these programs, and modifying the coefficient matrix for a dual pair of improper linear programs to minimize its Euclidean norm. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the first problem are given, and the form of its solutions is described. For the second problem, a method for the reduction to a nonlinear constrained minimization problem is indicated, necessary conditions for the existence of solutions are found, and the form of solutions is described. Numerical results are presented.