Small generators of number fields

If K is a number field of degree n over Q with discriminant D _K and if α∈K generates K, i.e. K=Q(α), then the height of α satisfies with . The paper deals with the existence of small generators of number fields in this sense. We show: (1) For each $n$ there are infinitely many number fields K of degree $n$ with a generator α such that . (2) There is a constant d ² such that every imaginary quadratic number field has a generator α which satisfies .?(3) If K is a totally real number field of prime degree n then one can find an integral generator α with . Received: 10 January 1997 / Revised version: 13 January 1998     

Overpartitions and real quadratic fields

It is shown that counting certain differences of overpartition functions is equivalent to counting elements of a given norm in appropriate real quadratic fields.     

Binomial coefficients and quadratic fields

Let be a real quadratic field with discriminant where is an odd prime. For we determine modulo in terms of a Lucas sequence, the fundamental unit and the class number of .

     

Newtonian and Schinzel quadratic fields

We consider a quadratic extension of a global field and give the maximal length of a Newton sequence, that is, a simultaneous ordering in Bhargava’s sense or a Schinzel sequence, that satisfies the condition of the Brownin-Schinzel problem. In the case of a number field , we show that the maximal length of a Schinzel sequence is 1, except in seven particular cases, and explicitly compute the maximal length of a Schinzel sequence in these special cases. We show that Newton sequences are also finite, except for at most finitely many cases, all real, and such that . For , we show that the maximal length of a Newton sequence is 1, except in five particular cases, and again explicitly compute the maximal length in these special cases. In the case of a quadratic extension of a function field F_q(T), we similarly show that, unless the ring of integers is isomorphic to some function field (in which case there are obviously infinite Newton and Schinzel sequences), the maximal length of a Schinzel sequence is finite and in fact, equal to q. For imaginary extensions, Newton sequences are known to be finite (unless the ring of integers is isomorphic to some function field) and we show here that the same holds in the real case, but for finitely many extensions.     

Group generated by two elements of orders 2 and 4 acting on real quadratic fields

Coset diagrams for the orbit of the groupG=〈x,y∶x ²=y ⁴ =1〉 acting on real quadratic fields give some interesting information. By using these coset diagrams, we show that in the orbitpG, where , the non-square positive integern does not change its value and the real quadratic irrational numbers of the formp, wherep and its algebraic conjugate have different signs, are finite in number and that part of the coset diagram containing such numbers forms a single closed path, which is the only closed path in the orbit ofp.     

Solving quadratic equations using reduced unimodular quadratic forms

Let be an symmetric matrix with integral entries and with , but not necesarily positive definite. We describe a generalized LLL algorithm to reduce this quadratic form. This algorithm either reduces the quadratic form or stops with some isotropic vector. It is proved to run in polynomial time. We also describe an algorithm for the minimization of a ternary quadratic form: when a quadratic equation is solvable over , a solution can be deduced from another quadratic equation of determinant . The combination of these algorithms allows us to solve efficiently any general ternary quadratic equation over , and this gives a polynomial time algorithm (as soon as the factorization of the determinant of is known).

     

Imaginary quadratic function fields

In Bautista-Ancona and Diaz-Vargas (2006) [B-D] a characterization and complete listing is given of the imaginary quadratic extensions K of k(x), where k is a finite field, in which the ideal class group has exponent two and the infinite prime of k(x) ramifies. The objective of this work is to give a characterization and list of these kind of extensions but now considering the case in which the infinite prime of k(x) is inert in K. Thus, we get all the imaginary quadratic extensions of k(x), in which the ideal class group has exponent two.     

G-Closed fields and imbeddings of quadratic number fields

A field, K, that has no extensions with Galois group isomorphic to G is called G-closed. It is proved that a finite extension of K admits an infinite number of nonisomorphic extensions with Galois group G. A trinomial of degree n is exhibited with Galois group, the symmetric group of degree n, and with prescribed discriminant. This result is used to show that any quadratic extension of an A_n-closed field admits an extension with Galois group A_n.     

Small quadratic elements in representations of the special linear group with large highest weights

For almost all p-restricted irreducible representations of the group A_n(K) in characteristic p > 0 with highest weights large enough with respect to p, the Jordan block structure of the images of small quadratic unipotent elements in these representations is determined. It is proved that if φ is an irreducible p-restricted representation of A_n(K) with highest weight

Algebraic systems of quadratic forms of number fields and function fields

In this paper we examine for which Witt classes ,..., _n over a number field or a function fieldF there exist a finite extensionL/F and ₂,..., _n L^* such thatT _L/F ()=1 andTr _L/F (_i)=_i fori=2,...n.     

Normal integral bases in quadratic and cyclic cubic extensions of quadratic fields

Let K be a number field and let G be a finite abelian group. We call K a Hilbert-Speiser field of type G if, and only if, every tamely ramified normal extension L/K with Galois group isomorphic to G has a normal integral basis. Now let C₂ and C₃ denote the cyclic groups of order 2 and 3, respectively. Firstly, we show that among all imaginary quadratic fields, there are exactly three Hilbert-Speiser fields of type $C_{2}: \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt {m})$, where $m \in \{-1, -3, -7\}$. Secondly, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a real quadratic field $K = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt {m})$ to be a Hilbert-Speiser field of type C₂. These conditions are in terms of the congruence class of m modulo 4 or 8, the fundamental unit of K, and the class number of K. Finally, we show that among all quadratic number fields, there are exactly eight Hilbert-Speiser fields of type $C_{3}: \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt {m})$, where $m \in \{-11,-3, -2, 2, 5, 17, 41, 89\}$.Received: 2 April 2002     

On real quadratic function fields

Let q be a power of an odd prime number p and K:=Fq(T) be the rational function field with a fixed indeterminate T. For P a prime of K, let be the maximal real subfield of the Pth-cyclotomic function field and its ring of integers. We prove that there exists infinitely many primes P of even degree such that the cardinal of the ideal class group is divisible by q. We prove also an analogous result for imaginary extensions.