枝杈状Bola型两亲分子包覆的层状近晶相多金属氧簇液晶（英文）

我们利用离子自组装的方法以含苯甲酸基团的两亲分子A6包覆了含铕的无机多金属氧簇Na_9[EuW_(10)O_(36)]。利用红外光谱、热重分析、元素分析等方法对所得有机无机杂化复合物A6Eu进行了详细的结构表征。苯甲酸基团通过分子间氢键相互作用发生的二聚使有机组分形成了枝杈状的Bola型结构,这种结构导致外围的介晶基元以侧向方式连接在无机簇上。我们通过差示扫描量热法、偏光显微镜和变温X射线衍射对A6Eu的热致液晶性质进行了表征。虽然单独的两亲分子A6组装成了简单的近晶结构,但是复合物A6Eu表现出新颖的层状近晶相液晶结构。层状近晶相液晶结构中介晶基元是平行于层面的。由此可见,介晶基元的侧向连接方式对复合物的热致组装结构具有重要影响。多金属氧簇的荧光性质在液晶材料中得到了很好的保持。     

基于多金属氧簇的手性超分子液晶

以手性诱导为切入点,采用含胆固醇基团的季铵盐表面活性剂静电包覆缺位的Keggin结构多金属氧簇K7PW11O39·12H2O,得到了手性介晶阳离子修饰的多金属氧簇杂化超分子复合物。圆二色谱对该复合物光学活性的表征说明外围的手性表面活性剂可以通过静电相互作用诱导复合物显示出手性。利用差示扫描量热曲线法、偏光显微镜观察和变温X射线衍射详细研究了该复合物的热性质和相行为,结果表明该复合物在较宽的温度范围内具有热致液晶性质,是一种典型的手性近晶A相离子液晶材料。     

基于多金属氧簇的手性超分子液晶

以手性诱导为切入点,采用含胆固醇基团的季铵盐表面活性剂静电包覆缺位的Keggin结构多金属氧簇K₇PW₁₁O₃₉·12H₂O,得到了手性介晶阳离子修饰的多金属氧簇杂化超分子复合物。圆二色谱对该复合物光学活性的表征说明外围的手性表面活性剂可以通过静电相互作用诱导复合物显示出手性。利用差示扫描量热曲线法、偏光显微镜观察和变温X射线衍射详细研究了该复合物的热性质和相行为,结果表明该复合物在较宽的温度范围内具有热致液晶性质,是一种典型的手性近晶A相离子液晶材料。     

基于铕取代多金属氧簇的手性发光液晶材料

The incorporation of europium-substituted polyoxometalate (PM) into chiral amphiphiles is attractive for the fabrication of multifunctional chiral luminescent liquid crystalline materials. Chiral amphiphiles acted as good promoters to trigger the achiral PM to show induced supramolecular chirality through electrostatic interactions, as illustrated by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the organic/inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate complex exhibited thermotropic mesomorphic behaviors. In a cast film, the complex displayed intrinsic luminescence that could be adjusted by accurately controlling the temperature. The electrostatic encapsulation of PM with chiral mesomorphic promoters provides an effective method for constructing PM-based chiral luminescent liquid crystalline materials.     

多金属氧簇与倍半硅氧烷簇构筑的簇-簇杂化分子的合成及自组装结构

以Wells-Dawson型多金属氧簇(POM)与T₈型倍半硅氧烷簇(POSS)为构筑单元,通过点击化学反应制备了一种由共价键连接形成的、新型的纳米簇-簇杂化分子(POM-2POSS),并采用核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)和红外光谱(IR)对产物化学结构进行了表征. 由于两个POSS簇连接在POM簇的同一侧,分子呈现“V”形. 同时,利用X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了簇-簇杂化分子在本体中通过自组装过程形成的超分子结构,结果表明该簇-簇杂化分子形成了有序的层状结构,周期仅为5.1 nm. 本研究获得结果对以这类纳米簇为构筑单元构筑新型杂化分子以及通过自组装过程形成的、有序超分子结构的新型杂化材料的设计及制备提供了一个新的思路.     

超分子环糊精两亲分子

本文综述了“超分子环糊精两亲分子”的最新研究进展。超分子环糊精两亲分子主要包括疏水性修饰的环糊精衍生物(第一类)、环糊精衍生物与两亲分子的包合物(第二类)和环糊精衍生物与疏水性客体分子的包合物(第三类)。针对超分子环糊精两亲分子及其自组装体系的研究不但丰富了由诺贝尔化学奖得主Lehn等所提出的超分子化学的内涵,实现了多学科的交叉,而且在生物模拟、智能材料以及可控的、具有疗效的药物输运与缓释等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

Gemini型两亲分子超分子组装研究进展

综述了国内外对Gemini型两亲分子在超分子组装方面的研究进展。总结了Gemini分子的体相组装、界面组装以及近几年应用领域的研究进展;着重介绍了基因传递、纳米材料模板、降解剂、药物缓释以及胶凝剂的制备等方面的应用进展;对相关研究领域的主要研究成果做了一些探讨和分析;为更加深入探索和研究Gemini型两亲分子的超分子组装提供参考信息。     

氧化还原对Lindqvist型多金属氧簇复合物自组装的动态调控

Dynamic regulation of self-assembly is of vital importance in chemistry, biology and material science thanks to its great potential for development of smart materials and devices. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a class of functional inorganic nanoclusters, which has become one of the excellent building blocks for supramolecular self-assemblies, especially when covalently or non-covalently modified by organic species. As typical stimuli-responsive functional clusters, the POMs could be photochemically or electrochemically reduced to mixed-valence states, of which the structural integrity remains even after encountering stepwise multi-electron redox process. The intriguing photochromism of the POMs in different states exhibits distinct photophysical properties, which motivates us to exploit the dynamic self-assemblies of POM-based complexes. The divalent Lindqvist-type hexamolybdate cluster [Mo₆O₁₉]^2- is one of the least negative-charged POMs, which is the ideal building blocks to construct novel assembly structures. Based on this motivation, herein, a single chain surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate (POM) complex (ODTA)₂[Mo₆O₁₉] was prepared by simple counterion replacement of Lindqvist-type (TBA)₂[Mo₆O₁₉] with octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTA) in acetonitrile solution. The structure of the POM complex was confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis. The solution of complex (ODTA)₂[Mo₆O₁₉] in the mixed solvents of acetonitrile and isopropanol with the volume ration of 4 to 1 exhibited reversible photochromism upon alternate UV light irradiation and air exposure. Upon UV light irradiation, the light yellow transparent solution of (ODTA)₂[Mo₆O₁₉] turned into blue quickly. The new broad absorption band appearing at ca.751 nm assigned to the Mo^V → Mo^VI intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) transition, indicated the formation of reduced POM, as revealed by UV-Vis absorption spectra. After exposed to air, the blue solution was bleached. The alternate photochromism could be conducted for multiple cycles. Helical self-assembled morphology of (ODTA)₂[Mo₆O₁₉] was formed in acetonitrile/isopropanol, characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. More interestingly, morphology transformation of the complex from helical strips to spherical assemblies occurred accompanied by photochromism occurrence. The morphology evolution during the photochromism process experienced from shortened helical strips through sea urchin-like aggregates to spherical assemblies. Most significantly, the helical assemblies could be recovered again after air oxidation, implying the reversible morphology transformation driven by redox stimulus. The redox-modulated reversible self-assembly is driven by the variation of electrostatic attraction between organic cations and inorganic anions as well as the electrostatic repulsion between inorganic ionic clusters, proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ¹H NMR spectra. The results will contribute to better understanding the mechanism of dynamic assemblies and inspire the precise fabrication of advanced smart materials.     

基于超分子环糊精两亲分子的敏感型囊泡体系

敏感型囊泡可初步概括为由两亲分子通过非共价键构筑的、对外界的刺激具有特色响应性的一类新型囊泡体系。由"超分子环糊精两亲分子"自组装形成的囊泡体系是该类体系中重要的一类。本文重点介绍了环糊精参与的"超分子环糊精两亲分子"囊泡体系的研究进展。以与环糊精复合的化合物结构类型不同进行分类,介绍了该类囊泡体系的制备以及该体系在医药工程、新型"智能"材料以及生物模拟等方面的潜在应用;结合现阶段的研究状况,对该类囊泡体系的发展前景进行了展望。     

氧化还原对Lindqvist型多金属氧簇复合物自组装的动态调控（英文）

自组装的动态调控对材料科学的发展至关重要,它在智能材料和器件的开发中具有巨大的潜力。多金属氧簇是一类纳米尺度的无机功能簇,尤其是当它被有机组分共价修饰或者非共价修饰之后,已经发展成为超分子自组装中优异的构筑基元之一。多金属氧簇是典型的刺激响应功能团簇,光化学或电化学方法可将其还原为混合价态,即使经历了逐步的多电子氧化还原后多金属氧簇的结构仍保持不变。多金属氧簇独特的光致变色使其表现出不同的光物理性质,这激励着我们去开发基于多金属氧簇复合物的动态自组装。Lindqvist型六钼酸盐簇[Mo₆O₁₉]^2-是负电荷数目最少的多金属氧簇之一,是构筑新颖组装结构的理想构筑基元。本文在乙腈溶剂中用十八烷基三甲基铵替换Lindqvist型多金属氧簇复合物(TBA)₂[Mo₆O₁₉]的抗衡离子,通过简单的替换方法制备了一种单链表面活性剂包覆的多金属氧簇复合物(ODTA)₂[Mo₆O₁₉]。通过核磁共振氢谱、...     

三维自组装蓝相液晶光子晶体

蓝相液晶由于其独特的三维自组装结构、可见光波段的选择性光反射性能和软物质特性,被认为是最具发展潜力的可调三维光子晶体材料之一,在下一代超快响应显示、反射型显示、可调激光器和光通信等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来蓝相液晶自组装结构的研究进展,包括蓝相的多级自组装三维微纳结构及子相相变行为的最新研究,通过基板表面取向处理或纳米图案化诱导、电场诱导、热处理诱导等方法控制蓝相自组装行为和三维周期性晶体结构的研究现状,以及蓝相光子晶体材料在可调谐激光器、可调光栅等光学器件领域的应用研究,最后对该领域的目前存在的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望。     

液晶化学

液晶在近30年来受到科技界广泛关注,人们对它的性质、合成、用途进行了深入的研究,使其在现代科技领域占据重要地位。本文对液晶的性质及用途进行论述。     

Synthesis,Self-Assembly,and Cell Responses of Aromatic IKVAV Peptide Amphiphiles

Synthetic bioactive aromatic peptide amphiphiles have been recognized as key elements of emerging biomedical strategies due to their biocompatibility, design flexibility, and functionality. Inspired by natural proteins, we synthesized two supramolecular materials of phenyl-capped Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (Ben-IKVAV) and perfluorophenyl-capped Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (PFB-IKVAV). We employed UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to examine the driving force in the self-assembly of the newly discovered materials. It was found that both compounds exhibited ordered π-π interactions and secondary structures, especially PFB-IKVAV. The cytotoxicity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and cell differentiation studies was also performed. In addition, the immunofluorescent staining for neuronal-specific markers of MAP2 was 4.6 times (neural induction medium in the presence of PFB-IKVAV) that of the neural induction medium (control) on day 7. From analyzing the expression of neuronal-specific markers in hMSCs, it can be concluded that PFB-IKVAV may be a potential supramolecular biomaterial for biomedical applications.     

Carbodiimide-Driven Dimerization and Self-Assembly of Artificial,Ribose-Based Amphiphiles

The aqueous self-assembly of amphiphiles into aggregates such as micelles and vesicles has been widely investigated over the past decades with applications ranging from materials science to drug delivery. The combination of characteristic properties of nucleic acids and amphiphiles is of substantial interest to mimic biological self-organization and compartmentalization. Herein, we present ribose- and ribonucleotide-based amphiphiles and investigate their self-assembly as well as their fundamental reactivity. We found that various types of aggregates are formed, ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers and all amphiphiles exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in solution as well as in the solid state. We also observed that the addition of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) leads to rapid and selective dimerization of the amphiphiles into pyrophosphates, which decreases the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) by a factor of 25 when compared to the monomers. Since the propensity for amphiphile dimerization is correlated with their tendency to self-assemble, our results may be relevant for the formation of rudimentary compartments under prebiotic conditions.     

新型对称联苯双酯类液晶材料的合成和晶体结构

设计并合成了4个对称联苯双酯类液晶化合物,化合物结构通过红外和核磁表征,它们的介晶性通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC),X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热台偏光显微镜(POM)进行了研究.并测定了4,4'-3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯-二(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(Ⅲa)的单晶结构,结果显示:晶体属于单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,晶胞参数为a=18.525(3)(A),b=12.196(2)(A),c=12.195(2)(A),β=97.142(2)°,V=2733.7(9)(A)3,Z=4,Dc=1.163 Mg/m3,R=0.0521,Rw=0.1161.化合物均为热致型互变液晶,并讨论了氧原子、不饱和端基和端基链长对介晶性的影响.     

Multifunctional Polyoxometalate Platforms for Supramolecular Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution**

Multifunctional supramolecular systems are a central research topic in light-driven solar energy conversion. Here, we report a polyoxometalate (POM)-based supramolecular dyad, where two platinum-complex hydrogen evolution catalysts are covalently anchored to an Anderson polyoxomolybdate anion. Supramolecular electrostatic coupling of the system to an iridium photosensitizer enables visible light-driven hydrogen evolution. Combined theory and experiment demonstrate the multifunctionality of the POM, which acts as photosensitizer/catalyst-binding-site^[1] and facilitates light-induced charge-transfer and catalytic turnover. Chemical modification of the Pt-catalyst site leads to increased hydrogen evolution reactivity. Mechanistic studies shed light on the role of the individual components and provide a molecular understanding of the interactions which govern stability and reactivity. The system could serve as a blueprint for multifunctional polyoxometalates in energy conversion and storage.     

液晶二聚体

液晶二聚体作为半柔性主链型液晶聚合物的简化模型, 通过对其液晶性质的研究, 有助于理解更复杂聚合物体系的液晶行为. 另外, 液晶二聚体作为一类特殊的液晶也有其自身的相结构和相行为. 以分子结构与液晶态的相互关系为主线, 系统介绍了目前文献报道的对称及非对称棒状液晶二聚体(线形、H形、U形、T形)、盘状液晶二聚体(对称的盘-盘状液晶二聚体和非对称的盘-棒状液晶二聚体)和香蕉形液晶二聚体(对称的香蕉-香蕉形液晶二聚体和非对称的香蕉-棒状液晶二聚体)等各种不同类型的液晶二聚体的研究进展, 以期为新型液晶二聚体的分子设计提供一些借鉴.