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一种新型高活性加氢脱硫催化剂:二氧化硅担载的磷化镍 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以硝酸镍和磷酸氢二铵为原料,采用程序升温还原方法在823 K和氢气气氛中制备了纯相和
二氧化硅担载的磷化镍催化剂,并采用类似的方法制备了纯相和二氧化硅担载的磷化钼和
镍钼磷新型磷化物. 对这些磷化物及其相应硫化物的加氢脱硫活性进行了考察. 结果表明,Ni2P/SiO2催化剂具有相对较高的二苯并噻吩转化率和联苯选择性, Ni2P/SiO2对二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫的催化活性甚至高于硫化态的Ni-Mo催化剂. 相似文献
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氢能是一种绿色、 高效的二次能源, 在廉价的非贵金属催化剂的辅助下, 电解水制氢以其低成本和高效率受到广泛关注. 过渡金属磷化物因其独特近似球形三角棱柱单元结构能够暴露出更多配位不饱和表面原子, 因此在电解水制氢中表现出优异的催化活性和强耐腐蚀性. 本文综述了过渡金属磷化物的制备方法和在电催化析氢中的应用和性能的改善策略. 最后讨论了过渡金属磷化物催化剂存在的一些亟待解决的问题, 并展望了其未来的发展方向. 相似文献
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过渡金属磷化物因其优异的催化性能成为最有可能取代贵金属的廉价电催化分解水制氢催化材料, 对其进行元素掺杂将有望大幅提升其活性和稳定性. 本文综合评述了近年来通过掺杂改性手段调节过渡金属磷化物性能的相关研究. 讨论了元素种类(金属掺杂、 非金属掺杂、 共掺杂)、 元素数量(单元素掺杂、 多元素掺杂、 高熵化)和掺杂位置等因素对过渡金属磷化物电子结构的影响; 并从实验和理论相结合的角度, 分析了掺杂元素对氢吸附强度、 水吸附解离及电荷转移传输等方面的作用规律, 获得了掺杂结构-电子结构-析氢反应催化性能间的构效关系. 最后, 讨论并提出了相关研究存在的挑战和未来的研究方向. 相似文献
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氢能作为一种零碳排放的清洁能源,主要通过电解水的途径获得。电解水析氢过程所使用的贵金属Pt基催化剂非常稀缺和昂贵,因此开发具有高活性和稳定性的非贵金属催化剂仍然是一个巨大的挑战。自支撑型过渡金属磷化物析氢性能优异,加之有效结合了自支撑基底的诸多优势,有望成为可替代贵金属Pt基催化剂的优良析氢材料。本文详细介绍了自支撑型过渡金属磷化物的研究进展,着重论述了此类型电催化剂的析氢优势及作用机理:(1)自支撑基底3D集成框架导电性较强,可提供大量的电子转移通道,从而加速催化反应进程;(2)自支撑型过渡金属磷化物较大的比表面积将会暴露出更多的活性位点,进而促进催化反应的发生;(3)自支撑型过渡金属磷化物可以直接作为阴极进行析氢反应,避免传统涂覆法中催化剂容易从玻碳电极脱落的弊端。最后,总结了此类型电催化剂用于电解水反应所面临的问题和挑战,并进行了合理的展望。 相似文献
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Haojie Zhang Dirk J. Hagen Xiaopeng Li Andreas Graff Frank Heyroth Bodo Fuhrmann Ilya Kostanovskiy Stefan L. Schweizer Francesco Caddeo A. Wouter Maijenburg Stuart Parkin Ralf B. Wehrspohn 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(39):17172-17176
Transition‐metal phosphides (TMP) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are reported for the first time. Ultrathin Co‐P films were deposited by using PH3 plasma as the phosphorus source and an extra H2 plasma step to remove excess P in the growing films. The optimized ALD process proceeded by self‐limited layer‐by‐layer growth, and the deposited Co‐P films were highly pure and smooth. The Co‐P films deposited via ALD exhibited better electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities than similar Co‐P films prepared by the traditional post‐phosphorization method. Moreover, the deposition of ultrathin Co‐P films on periodic trenches was demonstrated, which highlights the broad and promising potential application of this ALD process for a conformal coating of TMP films on complex three‐dimensional (3D) architectures. 相似文献
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Group-IV phosphide monolayers (MP, M=C, Si, Ge and Sn) provide a versatile platform for photocatalysts, as well as optoelectronic and nanoelectronic devices. Herein, comprehensive first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were performed to explore their stabilities in the air. We identified that the MP monolayers have excellent mechanical properties and their carrier mobilities are higher than that of phosphorene. The MP monolayers were predicted to possess superior oxidation resistance than the boron phosphide (BP) monolayer based on the proposed donation–backdonation theory. It was observed that the dissociation and chemisorption of a water molecule on the monolayers are kinetically difficult both in the water and in oxygen–water environments involving energy barriers of 1.28–3.48 eV. We also performed AIMD simulations at 300, 1000, 1200 and 1500 K. It is noteworthy that only the carbon phosphide (CP) monolayer can retain an intact structure at 1500 K, while the other three monolayers can just sustain to 1200 K. These results provide a guidance for their practical application and experimental fabrication. 相似文献
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Highly Active Electrocatalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Cobalt Phosphide Nanoparticles
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Eric J. Popczun Carlos G. Read Christopher W. Roske Prof. Nathan S. Lewis Prof. Raymond E. Schaak 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(21):5427-5430
Nanoparticles of cobalt phosphide, CoP, have been prepared and evaluated as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under strongly acidic conditions (0.50 M H2SO4, pH 0.3). Uniform, multi‐faceted CoP nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting Co nanoparticles with trioctylphosphine. Electrodes comprised of CoP nanoparticles on a Ti support (2 mg cm?2 mass loading) produced a cathodic current density of 20 mA cm?2 at an overpotential of ?85 mV. The CoP/Ti electrodes were stable over 24 h of sustained hydrogen production in 0.50 M H2SO4. The activity was essentially unchanged after 400 cyclic voltammetric sweeps, suggesting long‐term viability under operating conditions. CoP is therefore amongst the most active, acid‐stable, earth‐abundant HER electrocatalysts reported to date. 相似文献
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以介孔TiO2(m-TiO2)为载体,采用程序升温还原法制备了Ni2P/m-TiO2催化剂,考察了不同起始Ni/P摩尔比及活性组分负载量对该催化剂结构及其催化加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响.结果表明,当Ni/P摩尔比为1.25时,活性组分以Ni2P为主,催化剂的最佳Ni负载量为10%.采用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附-脱附、场发射扫描电镜和程序升温还原等技术表征了m-TiO2及其它不同载体负载的Ni2P催化剂.结果表明,高结晶度m-TiO2载体使Ni和P物种的还原温度大幅度降低,在450~600oC还原制得的Ni2P/m-TiO2催化剂的结构参数基本一致,比表面积均为90m2/g左右,具有很高的热稳定性和对二苯并噻吩的HDS催化性能.在相同的反应条件下,m-TiO2负载的Ni2P催化剂HDS性能最好,各载体负载的Ni2P催化剂活性大小顺序为Ni2P/m-TiO2Ni2P/SiO2Ni2P/P25. 相似文献
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采用传统程序升温(TPR)法制备了稀土金属钇(Y)或柠檬酸(CA)改性及Y和CA同时改性的非负载型Ni2P催化剂;采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析、N2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、CO化学吸附分析、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征;并考察了Y和CA对催化剂上进行的二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)反应性能的影响.结果表明,Y和CA均可促使非晶相NixPyOz向磷化镍活性相的转化,抑制Ni_5P_4杂晶相的形成,从而促进Ni2P活性相的生成;同时能够丰富催化剂的孔道,抑制催化剂表面磷的富集,得到更好的孔结构、更高的活性相分散度.Y或CA以及两者同时改性后的催化剂DBT转化率均明显高于Ni-P催化剂.各催化剂的HDS活性大小顺序为Y-Ni-P-CANi-P-CAY-Ni-PNi-P.在340℃,3.0 MPa,氢油体积比700,质量空速(WHSV)1.5 h-1的条件下,Y-Ni-P-CA催化剂的DBT转化率为97%,比Ni-P催化剂提高了约35%. 相似文献
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以离子液体为碳源和氮源、次亚磷酸钠为磷源、乙酸镍为镍源,一步法制备了磷化镍/氮磷共掺杂碳(Ni2P/NPC)复合材料。SEM、TEM等检测结果表明Ni2P纳米颗粒在N、P共掺杂碳骨架上均匀分布。将所制备Ni2P/NPC作为锂离子电池负极材料时,Ni2P/NPC电极在0.1、0.5、1、3和5 A·g-1电流密度下的放电比容量分别为377.7、 294.1、 265.4、211.7和187.5 mAh·g-1。当电流密度重新回到0.1 A·g-1,放电比容量为368.1 mAh·g-1。电极结构在大倍率下可以保持稳定,表现出优异的倍率性能。在0.5 A·g-1的电流密度下经200次循环后放电比容量维持在301.8 mAh·g-1,容量保持率为80.7%,CV曲线证实Ni2P/NPC在储锂过程中是由扩散过程和电容行为共同控制。 相似文献