快速合成Bi@ZIF-8复合纳米材料用于近红外二区光热治疗以及可控药物释放

随着纳米技术的发展及其向医学领域的渗透,纳米技术为肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的途径,构建有效的纳米载体体系对于肿瘤的治疗具有十分重要的意义.本工作报道了一种铋纳米粒子嵌入ZIF-8的纳米材料Bi@ZIF-8@TPZ(BZT),联合近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ)的光热治疗与化疗,达到了良好的治疗效果.BZT纳米材料高效地装载了抗癌药物替拉扎明(TPZ),同时嵌入的铋纳米点使得该纳米材料具有NIR-Ⅱ光热的能力.因ZIF-8具有良好的pH响应能力,所以在酸性和光照条件下能实现药物的可控释放,实现了化疗与NIR-Ⅱ光热治疗的协同治疗,使得BZT纳米材料在临床上具有很高的应用价值.     

基于透明质酸的刺激响应纳米给药系统的研究进展

透明质酸(Hyaluronic acid, HA)是一种天然多糖,具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,利用 HA 构建的纳米载体自身就具有肿瘤靶向功能,可以作为抗癌药物载体将药物传递到肿瘤细胞内从而实现精准到达病患处。近年来透明质酸在应用于肿瘤靶向给药系统中的关注越来越多,成为了靶向治疗肿瘤的一大研究热点。基于透明质酸的基本特性和肿瘤靶向的生理学基础,在不同的刺激响应下,透明质酸型纳米给药系统能将药物集中释放于肿瘤的微环境内,更好地杀死肿瘤细胞,同时避免其他正常的组织受到药物损害。本文主要综述了透明质酸型纳米药物输送系统在各种刺激响应下释放药物的最新研究进展。     

三元共聚法制备高亮度近红外二区荧光共轭聚合物纳米粒子及其二区光热治疗应用

为获得同时具有优异的溶解性,高亮度的近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ,1000～1700 nm)荧光和强的NIR-Ⅱ光热转换能力的共轭聚合物,采用三元共聚策略构建了基于强电子受体和供体的NIR-Ⅱ发射共轭骨架.在此基础上,进一步通过调控电子给体BDT与2TC之间的比例,得到了一系列具有NIR-Ⅱ吸收和优异溶解性的共轭聚合物(BDT-2TC12,BDT-2TC11,BDT-2TC21).这些聚合物在700～1200 nm具有较强的NIR吸收,并在808 nm激光激发下表现出在1000～1400 nm区域内的优异NIR-Ⅱ荧光性能.利用纳米沉积的方法,将目标聚合物BDT-2TC12用两亲性的二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙酰胺-甲氧基聚乙二醇(DSPE-mPEG)进行包覆,制备得到水溶性良好的纳米粒子(BDT-2TC12NPs).该纳米粒子具有良好的稳定性,在808和1064 nm处均有较强的吸收.在1064 nm激光照射下,纳米粒子表现出优异的NIR-Ⅱ光热转换效果,可以实现对肿瘤细胞的光热治疗(PTT).在808 nm的激光激发下,纳米粒子还可以实现对小鼠血管和其他生物组织的高清晰度的NIR-Ⅱ荧光成像(FI).     

透明质酸-量子点的制备及应用

基于量子点(QD)独特的光学成像特性, 采用化学合成法制备了透明质酸(HA)修饰的水溶性纳米量子点(HA-QD), 并将其应用于特异性受体CD44的识别研究中. 体外细胞实验结果证实, 在透明质酸受体的介导下, 该纳米复合物可使小鼠肺腺癌细胞LA795显示特异性的荧光成像. 本研究为建立针对透明质酸受体的肿瘤活体检测及研究肿瘤的发生发展提供了重要的纳米靶向荧光探针.     

基于枝化多肽的多功能药物递送系统用于肿瘤细胞核的精准靶向治疗

为了改善在肿瘤治疗过程中,药物载体靶向性差和药物靶点定位效率低等不足,设计了一种能精准靶向肿瘤细胞核,将药物高效递送至作用靶点的多功能纳米载药体系.利用具有细胞核定位能力的两亲性枝化多肽包载化疗药物阿霉素(DOX)形成载药纳米胶束DD,并通过静电作用将具有肿瘤靶向功能的透明质酸(HA)包覆在DD表面,得到具有靶向肿瘤细胞核能力的纳米药物HDD.HA的存在赋予了HDD对肿瘤的靶向功能和电荷屏蔽能力,可增加体系的稳定性,延长其血液循环时间,降低正常组织和细胞对HDD的非特异性摄取,实现其在肿瘤部位的特异性富集和肿瘤细胞的高效摄取.进入肿瘤细胞后,HA层的降解有利于纳米胶束DD在多肽的核定位作用下精准、快速地将DOX递送至细胞核,最终实现高效的肿瘤抑制效果.     

Pt-表层限域的表面FeOx结构用于低温CO氧化反应

通过简单的浸渍-还原并随后在酸性溶液中处理制备了Pt-Cu双金属催化剂. 利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱对不同处理条件下的Pt-Cu纳米粒子的结构和组成进行了表征. 研究发现, Pt-Cu催化剂在高温H₂中还原形成了PtCu₃合金结构, 酸洗处理后形成了包含Pt-骨架(Pt-skeleton)的表面结构和PtCu₃合金核的纳米粒子. 而Pt-骨架结构又可通过在H₂中退火转变为规整的Pt-表层(Pt-skin)结构. Pt-表层表面修饰Fe氧化物后在CO选择氧化反应中表现出较好的催化性能. 通过此方法制备的三金属Pt-Cu-Fe催化剂可达到与Pt-Fe相近的高活性, 并且催化剂中Pt的用量大大降低.     

光致还原制备透明质酸-纳米银复合物

以透明质酸（HA）为分散载体,通过紫外光还原硝酸银制备出了Ag纳米颗粒分散体系。用紫外-可见光分光光度计（UV-Vis）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、动态激光光散射（DLS）及抑菌实验对所得样品的形貌、结构及性质进行表征。结果表明：所制备的Ag纳米颗粒呈球形,平均粒径约为18 nm,在水...     

近红外二区活体荧光成像在肿瘤诊疗中的应用

由于具备组织穿透深度深和时空分辨率高等优势, 近年来近红外二区(Near-infrared-Ⅱ, NIR-Ⅱ, 1000~1700 nm)荧光成像技术得到了快速发展, 其在肿瘤临床诊断和治疗的潜力更是引发了广泛关注. 本文首先阐释了NIR-Ⅱ窗口荧光成像的原理及其优势, 随后根据结构分类归纳总结了现有荧光团的特征, 重点介绍了荧光探针在性能优化上的进展以及在肿瘤早期检测、 术中导航和光疗中的应用, 最后讨论了现有NIR-Ⅱ 荧光探针的局限以及临床转化面临的挑战, 并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

基于透明质酸构筑的药物递送载体及其应用

传统纳米药物控释载体主要通过细胞胞吞作用实现药物递送,其主要过程为被动靶向机制,因此会影响纳米载体在肿瘤组织的富集和治疗效果.近年来生物大分子透明质酸因其优异的水溶性、生物相容性、可降解性和肿瘤靶向性备受科研工作者青睐,已被广泛用于药物控释载体的构筑中,并成为靶向肿瘤治疗纳米载体领域的研究热点.本文根据透明质酸基纳米载...     

基于双靶向黑色素纳米粒的肿瘤深穿透光声成像

通过1‐(3‐二甲基氨基丙基)‐3‐乙基碳二亚胺和N‐羟基丁二酰亚胺反应将透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)和4‐羧丁基三苯基溴化膦((4‐carboxybutyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide,TPP)分子连接到聚乙二醇-氨基(PEG‐NH₂)修饰过的黑色素纳米颗粒(melanin nanoparticles,MNP)表面,设计合成了一种具有双靶向能力的黑色素纳米颗粒(MNP‐TPP‐HA),赋予了黑色素的双靶向能力。体外三维(3D)多细胞肿瘤球荧光成像和活体肿瘤光声成像实验表明MNP‐TPP‐HA具有优异的肿瘤靶向穿透能力。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.