Au/N-g-C3N4复合材料的制备及其可见光催化产氢性能

首先以尿素和柠檬酸作为前驱体,通过热处理工艺合成N掺杂的g-C₃N₄(N-g-C₃N₄),然后利用化学还原的方法将Au沉积到N-g-C₃N₄表面,形成Au修饰的N掺杂的g-C₃N₄复合光催化材料(Au/N-g-C₃N₄)。通过XRD、XPS、TEM、UV-Vis和光电流测试对其进行了表征,与同等条件下制备的N-g-C₃N₄和g-C₃N₄相比,Au/N-g-C₃N₄具有更强的光吸收性能和更大的光电流。同时对材料的可见光产氢性能进行了研究,结果发现：当Au含量为1%时,复合材料呈现最佳的光催化产氢性能,其产氢速率为974μmol·g^-1·h ^-1,为N-g-C₃N₄     

Ni-P@g-C3N4复合材料的合成与可见光催化性能

以三聚氰胺为前驱体,采用两步热聚合法,制备了一系列石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)基光催化复合材料。通过X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N₂吸附、光致荧光光谱(PL)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等表征了其结构与光电特性。结果发现,Ni-P共掺杂可以有效改善g-C₃N₄的可见光吸收性能,减小其电化学阻抗,抑制光生载流子的复合。以可见光条件下降解亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液为探针反应研究了Ni-P@g-C₃N₄复合材料的光催化降解性能。结果表明,照射120分钟1.5%Ni/P-CN复合材料对MB的降解率为61.7%,速率常数为0.00785 min^-1,是纯g-C₃N₄的两倍。反应体系的主要活性物种为超氧自由基(·O₂^-)。经过简单处理催化剂可重复使用3次以上且活性保持稳定。     

g-C3N4/CeO2异质结材料的制备及其光催化性能的研究

以三聚氰胺、硝酸铈为原料,通过高温煅烧法制备了不同CeO₂含量的片层状g-C₃N₄/CeO₂,通过XRD、FT-IR、XPS等对系列g-C₃N₄-CeO₂材料进行了表征,考察了材料在可见光(λ≥420nm)条件下降解盐酸四环素(TC)的光催化活性。与单纯的g-C₃N₄相比,g-C₃N₄/CeO₂-30%具有更优异的光催化性能,这是由于g-C₃N₄-CeO₂间的异质结作用促进了光生电子和空穴分离。自由基捕获实验证实·O^-₂在催化反应过程中起到主要作用,并提出了相应的光催化机理。     

Z-机制g-C3N4/Bi/BiOBr异质结光催化剂制备及其可见光降解甲醛气体研究

通过将BiOBr纳米片与g-C₃N₄复合,然后原位还原,合成了具有纳米花状结构的三元异质结光催化剂g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr.对g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr的结构、形貌、元素价态和光学性能等进行了表征和研究.评估了g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr对气体甲醛的光催化降解活性. g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr在可见光照射下降解甲醛的活性与g-C₃N₄、 BiOBr单体和g-C₃N₄/BiOBr二元复合物相比显著提高. 20%-g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr复合物可以在60 min内(λ> 400 nm)降解80%的气态甲醛(初始浓度0.16 mg·L^-1).     

原位光沉积制备Z型α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4异质结及其可见光驱动光解水产氢性能

采用原位光沉积-煅烧法制得了Z型α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄异质结复合光催化剂。分别采用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱以及电化学测试对样品进行了表征,并考察了可见光下光解水产氢活性。结果表明:当α-Fe₂O₃的负载量为2.9%时,α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂具有最优的产氢催化活性,产氢速率高达1841.9μmol·g^-1·h^-1,约为g-C₃N₄的3.3倍。光催化性能的提高主要归因于3方面:(1)高温煅烧过程中α-Fe₂O₃的形成,有效促进了氮化碳片层的热剥离,增大了比表面积,从而为光催化反应提供了更多反应活性位;(2)超细α-Fe₂O₃颗粒(5~8 nm)高度均匀地分散在g-C₃N₄表面,并且与其紧密结合,形成了高质量的Z型异质结;(3)Z型异质结不仅有效抑制地了光生载流子的复合,同时极大地保留了g-C₃N₄导带电子的强还原性和α-Fe₂O₃价带空穴的强氧化性。     

类金属WO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的构造及其优异的光催化性能(英文)

随着化石燃料快速消耗和环境污染日益严峻,高效光催化产氢技术作为最有前景的绿色能源技术之一而备受关注.作为典型的2D纳米片,g-C₃N₄具有很多适合应用在光催化领域的特性,如可见光效应、大比表面积和环境友好等,但单一g-C₃N₄的载流子复合率高,光催化性能不佳.研究者尝试负载贵金属(如Pt,Ag,Au等),利用贵金属功函数较高,可以快速捕获g-C₃N₄表面的光生电子,从而有效抑制光生载流子的复合;但其成本较高,限制了该技术的产业化.目前类金属材料(MoO₂,NbO₂,WO₂等)不仅表现出类似贵金属的特性,且价格低廉,有望替代贵金属.因此,引入类金属助催化剂是实现高载流子浓度和宽光谱照射下强光子吸收的好方法.本文设计并制备了类金属WO₂/g-C₃N₄纳米复合物,其表现出了较好的光催化性能:在可见光照射2h,4 wt%WO_...     

CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合材料制备及其光催化性能研究

以Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O及Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为原料,NH₄HCO₃为造孔剂,以沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃光催化材料。研究了不同NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比等条件下制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃样品的光催化性能。结果表明,所制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃复合材料具有优异的光催化性能,最佳NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比分别为1及0.2,该条件下制备的样品BET比表面积为94.4642 m²·g^-1,孔径为5.8565 nm,对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解率可达93.59%,动力学常数k为0.0218 m...     

Cu/O-g-C3N4复合材料的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明B

以三聚氰胺固体粉末为原料,采用一步热聚合法合成了g-C₃N₄材料;在此基础上利用酸处理氧化法合成氧掺杂氮化碳O-g-C₃N₄材料;利用溶剂热法合成Cu/O-g-C₃N₄复合材料。对所制备材料进行了FTIR、XRD、XPS、SEM等表征,并作为光催化剂用于光催化降解实验,以罗丹明B作为目标污染物,初步探讨了降解动力学过程和降解机理。实验结果表明,此方法合成的复合材料反应活性位点丰富且分散均匀,表现出较强的催化和可循环性能。其中其中掺杂硫酸铜质量比约为6%的Cu/O-g-C₃N₄(CuCN-Ⅱ)复合材料光催化降解性能最佳,在光照180 min内对罗丹明B的降解率可以达到98%以上,同时复合材料具有良好的稳定性。     

中空管状g-C3N4/Ag3PO4复合催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

用化学沉淀法制备中空管状g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄复合催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和荧光光谱对其结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明：Ag₃PO₄纳米颗粒均匀地分散在中空管状g-C₃N₄表面,两者紧密结合形成异质结。研究复合催化剂在可见光照射下降解盐酸四环素(TC)的光催化活性。结果显示：复合催化剂在80 min内对TC的降解率为98%,其降解反应速率常数是纯相Ag₃PO₄的3倍。经过5次循环实验后复合催化剂对于TC的降解率仍保持87%,具有优良的循环稳定性。捕获实验表明空穴(h⁺)和超氧负离子(·O^-₂)是光催化反应过程中的主要活性物种。根据能带理论,提出了复合催化剂异质结的Z型光催化机理。     

蜂窝状C3N4/CoSe2/GA复合光催化剂的制备及CO2还原性能

以六水金氯化钴、 硒粉和尿素为前驱体, 通过水热法合成C₃N₄/CoSe₂纳米粒子, 再将其锚定在石墨烯气凝胶（Graphene aerogel, GA）表面, 制备蜂窝状C₃N₄/CoSe₂/GA光催化剂. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对材料的结构、 形貌和光学性能进行表征. 同时以氙灯作为模拟可见光光源, 通过CO₂光催化还原为CO考察所制备纳米材料的光催化活性. 结果表明, 在C₃N₄纳米片表面引入了CoSe₂和GA并制备出蜂窝状结构 C₃N₄/CoSe₂/GA催化剂, 通过GA, CoSe₂与C₃N₄耦合可以显著提高光吸收密度以及扩展光响应范围, 呈现了更低的荧光强度和最大的电子转移速率. 在同种光催化下, C₃N₄/CoSe₂/GA对CO₂还原催化效率最大, CO产量达到5.75 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, 并且重复使用性能良好.     

Phase relations in the K2W2O7-K2WO4-KPO3-Bi2O3 system and structure of K6.5Bi2.5W4P6O34

The phase relations in the cross-section of the K₂W₂O₇-K₂WO₄-KPO₃ containing 15 mol% Bi₂O₃ were undertaken using flux method. Crystallization fields of K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄, K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄), Bi₂WO₆, KBi(WO₄)₂ and their cocrystallization areas were identified. Novel phase K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: sp. gr. P−1, a=9.4170(5), b=9.7166(4), c=17.6050(7) Å, α=90.052(5)°, β=103.880(5)° and γ=90.125(5)°. It has a layered structure, which contains {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers stacked parallel to ab plane and sheets composed by potassium atoms separating these layers. Sandwich-like {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers are assembled from [W₂P₂O₁₃]_∞ and [BiPO₄]_∞ building units, and are penetrated by tunnels with K/Bi atoms inside. FTIR-spectra of K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄) and K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ were discussed on the basis of factor group theory.     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Solubility in the Na2Cr2O7-(NH4)2Cr2O7-K2Cr2O7-H2O system

Solubility in the Na₂Cr₂O₇-(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇-K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂O four-component water-salt system at 25, 50, and 75°C was studied for the first time. Phase field boundaries for individual salts and potassium and ammonium dichromate solid solutions, monovariant lines, and invariant points were determined. Experimental data were used to optimize the looped isohydric process of potassium dichromate preparation involving additional salts.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Extension of the La7Mo7O30 structural type with La7Nb3W4O30 and La7Ta3W4O30 compounds

Two compounds of formula La₇A₃W₄O₃₀ (with A=Nb and Ta) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 and 1490 °C. They crystallize in the rhombohedric space group R-3 (No. 148), with the hexagonal parameters: , and , . The structure of the materials was analyzed from X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction. These oxides are isostructural of the reduced molybdenum compound La₇Mo₇O₃₀, which are formed of perovskite rod along [111]. An order between (Nb, Ta) and W is observed.     

Preparation and structure of NaSr0.5Al2B2O7 and NaCa0.5Al2B2O7

Two compounds NaSr_0.5Al₂B₂O₇ and NaCa_0.5Al₂B₂O₇, have been found to crystallize into a new structure type by Rietveld refinement from X-ray powder diffraction data. Their structure belongs to hexagonal space group P6₃/m, with lattice parameters of , for NaSr_0.5Al₂B₂O₇ and , for NaCa_0.5Al₂B₂O₇, respectively. The structure is built up by [Al₂B₂O₇]²⁻ double layer and Na⁺/Ca²⁺ or Na⁺/Sr²⁺ ions alternatively stacking along the c-axis. The sites in the inter-double layer are fully occupied jointly by Na and Ca or Sr, but the intra-double layer sites are only half occupied solely by Na. A mechanism of the transition of the structure from CaAl₂B₂O₇ to present structure type by replacing only 1% Ca by Na (2%) as observed by Chang and Keszler (Mater. Res. Bull. 33 (1998) 299) is also proposed.     

SnSbBiS4-SnS and SnSbBiS4-Sn2Sb6S11 sections of the SnS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 ternary system

SnSbBiS₄-SnS and SnSbBiS₄-Sn₂Sb₆S₁₁ sections were studied by physicochemical methods (DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure observation, and microhardness measurements). These sections were found to be eutectic quasi-binary sections of the SnS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ ternary system. Solid solution regions based on the initial components were found on either side of the sections. Alloys in the solid solution region are p-type semiconductors.     

Theoretical study of polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20

The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B₂₀O₃₀, Al₂₀O₃₀, V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀ and their complexes with the H⁻ ion and ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basis sets. The computation results show that the symmetric closo structure I _h with oxygen bridges located above the centers of the faces of an empty [M₂₀] dodecahedron is more favorable for V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀. For B₂₀O₃₀, the cage closo isomer is also more favorable than the other isomers, but its structure is severely distorted as compared to a dodecahedron and has a symmetry close to C ₃ . For Al₂₀O₃₀, the I _h structure corresponds to a high-lying local minimum of the potential energy surface. For Al₂₀O₃₀, a set of unusual puckshaped isomers of symmetry C _i , with different numbers of four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and three-coordinate atoms ^IIIO, was localized; these structures are more than 90 kcal/mol more favorable than the dodecahedron I _h . The most favorable isomer of Al₂₀O₃₀ contains twelve four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and four five-coordinate atoms ^VAl. The energies of dissociation of the most favorable M₂₀O₃₀ clusters into the M₂O₃ (C _2v ) and M₄O₆ (T _d ) fragments and, in the case of Al₂₀O₃₀, also into the Al₈O₁₂ (O _h ) and Al₁₂O₁₈ (D _3d ) fragments, have been estimated. The conclusion has been drawn that these clusters can, in principle, exist and can be experimentally detected in the isolated state. Analogous calculations have been performed for ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ with n varying from 1 to 20. The effect of solvation on the relative stability of the dodecahedral and puckshaped isomers of the Al₂₀O₃₀ cluster is observed. The isomers with ammonia molecules in their first coordination sphere become much closer to one another on the energy scale; however, the dodecahedron remains a considerably less favorable intermediate. Original Russian Text ? O.P. Charkin, N.M. Klimenko, D.O. Charkin, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 624–635.