锂离子电池负极材料Li_(4-x)K_xTi_5O_(12)结构和电化学性能

采用固相反应的方法制备了尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12和K掺杂Li4-xKxTi5O12(x=0.02,0.04,0.06)。通过XRD、SEM、BET等对制备材料进行了分析。结果表明,K掺杂没有影响立方尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12的合成,同时也没有改变Li4Ti5O12的电化学反应过程。K掺杂Li4-xKxTi5O12具有比Li4Ti5O12小的颗粒粒径和比Li4Ti5O12大的比表面积、孔容积。适量的K掺杂能够明显改善Li4Ti5O12的电化学性能,尤其是倍率性能,但是过多的K掺杂却不利于材料电化学性能的提高。研究表明,Li3.96K0.04Ti5O12体现了相对较好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。0.5C下,首次放电比容量为161mAh·g-1,3.0和5.0C下,容量保持分别为138和121mAh·g-1。3.0C下,200次循环后容量保持为137mAh·g-1。     

高倍率尖晶石型Li_4Ti_5O_(l2)/TiN锂离子电池负极材料的合成及其电化学性能

以乙酰丙酮(ACAC)为螯合剂、聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了尖晶石型Li4Ti5Ol2/TiN材料.考察了TiN膜对尖晶石型Li4Ti5Ol2锂离子电池负极材料电化学性能的影响.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Li4Ti5O12表面的TiN膜进行了分析.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,Li4Ti5Ol2/TiN材料为结晶良好的亚微米纯相尖晶石型钛酸锂.电化学性能测试表明,该材料的首次放电比容量为173.0mAh·g-1,并且具有良好的循环性能,以0.2C、1C、2C、5C倍率放电进行测试,10次循环后比容量分别为170.6、147.6、135.6、111.0mAh·g-1,较之表面无TiN膜的钛酸锂材料表现出更好的倍率特性.循环伏安曲线(CV),交流阻抗图谱(EIS)进一步论证了TiN膜改善了尖晶石型Li4Ti5Ol2锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.     

晶态Li_4Ti_5O_(12)负极材料的制备及其与电解液的兼容性研究

本文以醋酸锂和钛酸丁酯为原料,以冰醋酸为抑制剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了晶态Li4Ti5O12负极材料。与自制的3种电解液和实验室常用的电解液分别组装成锂/钛酸锂半电池。采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法(CV)及交流阻抗法(EIS)对其电化学性能进行研究。研究结果发现:在以环状碳酸酯类(EC、PC)和线性碳酸酯类(MEC)为溶剂、以六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)为电解质的电解液中添加双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB),有利于提高半电池的性能,首次放电比电容达到了198mA.h.g-1,且放电比电容经多次充放电后衰减得较小。而在电解液中加入碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC),半电池的性能有所下降。Li4Ti5O12对电解液表现出较明显的兼容性。     

亚微米Li_4Ti_5O_(12)材料的电化学性能研究

应用改进固相合成法制备亚微米Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池材料.X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和激光粒度分析分别显示:物相单一且粒度均匀,D50为0.886μm,属于亚微米级材料.合适的粒度和分布使得该材料展示出优良的电化学性能,以其装配的半电池中,0.1C首次放电容量为165 mAh/g,5C时放电容量可达107 mAh/g,10C时仍可达到54 mAh/g.     

碳包覆Li_3VO_4作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成碳包覆Li3VO4复合材料(Li3VO4/C),通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TG)对其进行了表征,探究了该材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,该材料具有良好的循环性能和优异的倍率性能。在1.25 C(1 C=400 m Ah/g)的电流密度下,其首次充电比容量为199.6 m Ah/g,循环150次后,其容量保持率为89.2%。此外,在充放电倍率分别为0.5、1、2、5、10 C时,其充电比容量分别为228.7、202、180.5、149.9、116.6 m Ah/g。     

碳包覆碳酸钴锂离子电池负极材料的制备及电化学性能

以葡萄糖作为碳源,通过简单的水热反应获得菱形碳包覆碳酸钴(CoCO₃/C)复合材料,并研究了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.晶型和表面形貌通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行表征,用热重-差热分析法(TG-DTA)来测试CoCO₃/C材料中碳的含量,用拉曼光谱分析无定型碳的存在. Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH)则用来分析材料的孔径分布情况.实验表明,碳包覆不仅在CoCO₃颗粒表面包覆了一层无定性碳,使得CoCO₃材料在充放电过程中保持结构的稳定性,也形成了一些大约30 nm左右的介孔,这种孔的存在有助于电解液中离子的传输,从而提高材料的电化学性能.电极材料在0.90C(1.00C = 450 mAh•g^-1)倍率下进行循环测试, 500次后的容量仍保持在539 mAh•g^-1,显示出了较好的循环性能.当增加到3.00C倍率时CoCO₃/C容量为130 mAh•g^-1,再恢复到0.15C倍率时容量依然能够达到770 mAh•g^-1,表现出了CoCO₃/C具有良好的稳定性.     

Li_4Ti_5O_(12)亚微米球的制备及其在锂离子电池中的应用

主要合成了具有尖晶石结构的Li4Ti5O12亚微米球电极材料,并研究了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.材料的制备分为三个步骤:TiCl4水解得到金红石相的TiO2,然后将得到的TiO2与LiOH进行水热反应得到中间相LiTi2O4+δ,最后将中间相高温煅烧得到尖晶石结构的Li4Ti5O12.采用XRD、SEM和TEM等手段对材料的结构和形貌进行表征.结果表明,尖晶石相的Li4Ti5O12负极材料具有分级结构,是由20～30nm的小颗粒堆积成约为200～300nm的亚微米球.将制备的Li4Ti5O12材料进行恒电流充放电测试表明,材料具有优异的倍率放电性能和较好的循环可逆性;在1C充放电时,首次放电比容量达到174.3mAh/g,在第5～50次循环过程中仅有微小的不可逆容量损失.采用循环伏安法测得Li+的扩散系数为1.03×10-7cm2/s.研究表明合成的Li4Ti5O12亚微米球在高效可充电锂离子电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

离子交换法合成纳米级锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)

用钛酸纳米管和LiOH溶液进行离子交换法得到了水合钛酸锂前驱体,进而在不同温度热处理制备了Li4Ti5O12。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热分析(TG-DSC)和恒电流充放电测试对反应产物进行了研究。结果表明所得前驱体在500～700℃热处理可得到纳米结构的纯相Li4Ti5O12。所得Li4Ti5O12的可逆容量约为160mAh·g-1,循环稳定性随热处理温度的提高而增强,并因具有较短的锂离子扩散距离表现出极佳的倍率性能,在1600mA·g-1(约10C)的电流密度下放电下还保持140mAh·g-1的容量。     

锂离子电池锡镍合金负极材料的掺杂改性

采用化学还原共沉积法,对Sn-Ni合金分别进行Sb、Cu和Co掺杂改性;研究了掺杂对Sn-Ni合金电化学性能的影响.结果表明:掺杂后的合金材料综合电化学性能都有所提高,其中Co改性Sn-Ni合金的性能最佳.20次循环后,Sn-Ni-Co合金的放电容量仍高达365 mAh.g-1,比Sn-Ni合金的高49%;而Sn-Ni-Sb和Sn-Ni-Cu合金在相同条件下的放电容量仅分别提高37%和24%.     

酚醛树脂包覆氧化天然石墨作为锂离子电池负极材料

天然石墨经过浓硫酸氧化处理,酚醛树脂包覆并高温碳化后形成具有核壳结构的碳包覆氧化天然石墨复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD),激光显微拉曼光谱(Raman)等检测技术对氧化处理以及酚醛树脂热解碳包覆前后天然石墨材料的结构与形貌进行分析与表征.结果表明,氧化处理与适量的酚醛树脂热解碳包覆有效修复了天然石墨表面的一些缺陷结构,使其表面更为光滑.电化学测试结果显示,经过氧化处理与酚醛树脂热解碳包覆后天然石墨材料电化学性能得到明显提高.酚醛树脂包覆量为9%时,复合材料表现出最好的电化学性能,其首次放电比容量为434.0mAh·g-1,40次循环后,放电比容量保持在361.6mAh·g-1,而未经处理的天然石墨放电比容量仅为332.3mAh·g-1.该改性方法有效提高了天然石墨材料的比容量,对其进一步应用具有重要意义.     

Li4Ti5O12 Nanoparticles Prepared with Gel-hydrothermal Process as a High Performance Anode Material for Li-ion Batteries

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) nanoparticles were prepared by gel‐hydrothermal process and subsequent calcination treatment. Calcination treatment led to structural water removal, decomposition of organics and primary formation of LTO. The formation temperature of spinel LTO nanoparticles was lower than that of bulk materials counterpart prepared by solid‐state reaction or by sol‐gel processing. Based on the thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal gravimetric (DTG), samples calcined at different temperatures (350, 500 and 700°C) were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emitting scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammogram and charge‐discharge cycling tests. A phase transition during the calcination process was observed from the XRD patterns. And the sample calcined at 500°C had a distribution of diameters around 20 nm and exhibited large capacity and good high rate capability. The well reversible cyclic voltammetric results of both electrodes indicated enhanced electrochemical kinetics for lithium insertion. It was found that the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ anode material prepared through gel‐hydrothermal process, when being cycled at 8 C, could preserve 76.6% of the capacity at 0.3 C. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity can reach up to 160.3 mAh·g^?1 even after 100 cycles at 1 C, close to the theoretical capacity of 175 mAh·g^?1. The gel‐hydrothermal method seemed to be a promising method to synthesize LTO nanoparticles with good application in lithium ion batteries and electrochemical cells.     

A Porous Mooncake-Shaped Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material Modified by SmF3 and Its Electrochemical Performance in Lithium Ion Batteries

Reasonably designing and synthesizing advanced electrode materials is significant to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF, Mil-125) was used as a precursor and template to successfully synthesize the porous mooncake-shaped Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) anode material assembled from nanoparticles. Even more critical, SmF₃ was used to modify the prepared porous mooncake-shaped LTO material. The SmF₃-modified LTO maintained a porous mooncake-shaped structure with a large specific surface area, and the SmF₃ nanoparticles were observed to be attach on the surface of the LTO material. It has been proven that the SmF₃ modification can further facilitate the transition from Ti⁴⁺ to Ti³⁺, reduce the polarization of electrode, decrease charge transfer impedance (R_ct) and solid electrolyte interface impedance (R_sei), and increase the lithium ion diffusion coefficient (D_Li), thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of LTO. Therefore, the porous mooncake-shaped LTO modified using 2 wt % SmF₃ displays a large specific discharge capacity of 143.8 mAh g⁻¹ with an increment of 79.16 % compared to pure LTO at a high rate of 10 C (1 C=170 mAh g⁻¹), and shows a high retention rate of 96.4 % after 500 cycles at 5 C-rate.     

锂离子电池新型快充负极材料Li4Ti5O12的改性研究

采用传统固相法制备尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12, 在前驱物中掺杂聚合物裂解碳材料聚并苯(PAS). 经四探针测试仪测量, 电导率提高9个数量级. 复合物的电化学性能测试结果表明, 其循环性和高倍率性能得到了明显改善.     

A Low-Cost and Scalable Carbon Coated SiO-Based Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Silicon monoxide (SiO) is considered as one of the most promising alternative anode materials thanks to its high theoretical capacity, satisfying operating voltage and low cost. However, huge volume change, poor electrical conductivity, and poor cycle performance of SiO dramatically hindered its commercial application. In this work, we report an affordable and simple way for manufacturing carbon-coated SiO−C composites with good electrochemical performance on kilogram scales. Industrial grade SiO was modified by carbon coating using cheap and environment friendly polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as carbon source. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectra results show that there is an amorphous carbon coating layer with a thickness of about 40 nm on the surface of SiO. The synthesized SiO−C-650 composite shows great electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 1491 mAh.g⁻¹ at 0.1 C rate and outstanding capacity retention of 67.2 % after 100 cycles. The material also displays an excellent performance with a capacity of 1100 mAh.g⁻¹ at 0.5 C rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results also prove that the carbon coating layer can effectively improve the conductivity of the composite and thus enhance the cycling stability of SiO electrode.     

Sb2O3掺杂Li4Ti5O12的电化学性能

采用Sb2O3掺杂改性Li4Ti5O12.用恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗技术对样品的电化学性能进行了测试.结果显示,当Ti:Sb＝4：1时,首次放电容量高达595.84mAhog-1,首次的库仑效率为45.7％,存在不可逆容量损失.提出了可能的反应机理,并用该机理解释了影响容量衰减的因素.经过20次充放电循环后,容量保持在249.57 mAhog-1.电化学阻抗谱表明,Sb的掺杂使得电化学反应阻抗减小了.     

Sol-gel Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Li4-xMgxTi5-xZrxO12 Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

The anode materials Li_4?xMg_xTi_5?xZr_xO₁₂ (x=0, 0.05, 0.1) were successfully synthesized by sol‐gel method using Ti(OC₄H₉)₄, CH₃COOLi·2H₂O, MgCl₂·6H₂O and Zr(NO₃)₃·6H₂O as raw materials. The crystalline structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the as‐prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, cyclic voltammograms (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge‐discharge cycling tests. The results show that the lattice parameters of the Mg‐Zr doped samples are slightly larger than that of the pure Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, and Mg‐Zr doping does not change the basic Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ structure. The rate capability of Li_4?xMg_xTi_5?xZr_xO₁₂ (x=0.05, 0.1) electrodes is significantly improved due to the expansile Li⁺ diffusion channel and reduced charge transfer resistance. In this study, Li_3.95Mg_0.05Ti_4.95Zr_0.05O₁₂ represented a relatively good rate capability and cycling stability, after 400 cycles at 10 C, the discharge capacity retained as 134.74 mAh·g^?1 with capacity retention close to 100%. The excellent rate capability and good cycling performance make Li_3.95Mg_0.05Ti_4.95Zr_0.05O₁₂ a promising anode material in lithium‐ion batteries.     

锂离子电池铜锡锑合金负极材料研究

以化学还原法制备了锂离子电池纳米铜锡锑三元合金负极材料Cu6Sn5Sb5,通过XRD、TEM和电化学测试对材料进行了表征,用非原位XRD测试方法研究了材料的贮锂机理.所制备的材料颗粒粒径大小分布在15～30nm之间.在充放电电压为1.5～OV范围内,初始可逆充电容量为595mAh/g,经过30次循环后,充电容量保持79...     

不同形貌结构Li4Ti5O12负极材料的最新进展

由于电子和信息行业的需要, 过去十年锂离子电池得以快速发展. 目前, 锂离子电池仍呈现需求量增长的趋势, 对锂离子电池的安全性要求也越来越高. 因此促使寻找一种比碳/石墨材料更安全, 循环性能更理想的锂离子电池负极材料以满足电动汽车等新兴行业的需求. 尖晶石型Li₄Ti₅O₁₂作为“零应变材料”具有优异的循环稳定性、价格便宜、容易制备、较高的平台电压和良好的安全性, 已成为锂离子动力电池负极材料的研究热点, 被认为是目前最具应用前景的锂离子电池负极材料. 由于形貌选择对于Li₄Ti₅O₁₂材料的电化学性能有着至关重要的影响, 本文综述了球形、多孔(中空)结构、纳微结构、核壳结构等不同形貌Li₄Ti₅O₁₂的合成及其性能研究的最新进展; 总结了各种形貌的优点, 已解决和待解决的问题, 常用合成方法以及各自的适应领域; 并对Li₄Ti₅O₁₂材料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Freeze-drying-assisted Synthesis of Mesoporous CoMoO4 Nanosheets as Anode Electrode Material for Enhanced Lithium Batteries

A facile and green freeze-drying-assisted method was proposed to synthesize C0MoO4 mesoporous nano-sheets(MPNSs).The resulting product exhibits a Mgh specific capacity and good rate perfomance when evalimte an anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The reversible specific capacity can be kept at 1105.2 mA·h·g^-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A/g.Even at the current densities of 1 and 4 A/gs the CoMoO4 MPNSs electrode can still retain the reversible capacities of 1148.7 and 540 mA·h·g^-1,respectively.Furthermore,the full cell(LiPePO4 catliode/CoMoO4 MPNSs anode)displays a stable discharge capacity of 146.7 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.1 C(1 C=170 mA/g)together with an initial coulombic efficiency of 98.2%.In addition,the CoMoO4 crystal structure is destroyed and reduced into Co^0 and Mo^0 in the first discharge process.In the subsequent cycles,the attractive Li storage properties come from the reversible conversions between Co/Co^2+and Mo/Mo^6+.The improved electroche-mical performance of CoMoO4 MPNSs is mainly attributed to their unique porous structures,which not only possess a good ion diffusion and electronic conduction pathway,but also provide many cavities to alleviate the volume changes during repeated cycling.This work offers a new perspective to the design of other porous electrode materials with a good energy storage performance.