核壳结构镍的制备及催化性能

利用软化学方法制备出了聚苯乙烯(PS)/镍核壳结构和纳米镍催化剂, 并利用SEM和XRD对材料的形貌和结构进行了表征. 将上述催化剂应用于亚甲基蓝染料加氢反应, 一步实现染料褪色和硼氢化钠水解制氢. 研究表明, 核壳结构极大地提高了镍的催化能力. 在相同条件下, 核壳结构镍的加氢催化效率是纳米镍的1.42倍, 产氢效率是纳米镍的4.76倍, 这说明核壳结构在催化领域具有一定的优势.     

SnO_2@PW_(12)的制备及对废水中亚甲基蓝的降解

采用简单浸渍法制备了SnO2@PW12催化材料,通过XRD和TEM对其结构进行了表征,研究了该催化材料对有机染料亚甲基蓝降解的催化活性。讨论了催化剂投加量、亚甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度、酸度等对催化降解效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液酸度为pH=4,催化剂用量为50mg/L,浓度为5mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液在30W的紫外灯下照射40min脱色率可达89.72%。SnO2@PW12光催化降解亚甲基蓝为一级动力学反应。     

电纺丝合成树枝状Ag-TiO2复合材料及光催化降解有机物

通过高压电纺丝方法合成TiO2纳米纤维, 以此为模板构建树枝状Ag-TiO2复合材料. 采用 X 射线衍射与扫描电镜对该材料进行结构与形貌表征. 与商品化的TiO2(P25)及TiO2纳米纤维相比, 该复合材料在亚甲基蓝的光催化降解过程中表现出更优异的催化性能.     

CuO纳米片催化H2O2氧化降解亚甲基蓝

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为保护剂, 采用水热法成功制备了CuO纳米片. 将制备的CuO纳米片在H₂O₂存在下用于催化氧化降解亚甲基蓝, 探讨了其在不同反应条件(如温度、氧化剂浓度及催化剂用量)下对亚甲基蓝降解反应的影响. 该催化反应符合一级动力学模型, 活化能为54.0kJ/mol. CuO纳米片表现出非常高的催化活性, 但其稳定性与重复利用性有待于进一步提高.     

环境化学实验“自制海藻酸钙包覆纳米铁降解亚甲基蓝速率常数的测定”

纳米铁系材料用于去除水体中的污染物是当前环境修复领域的研究热点之一。将自制的海藻酸钙包覆纳米铁材料用于降解亚甲基蓝的实验引入环境化学实验教学中具有极其重要的意义。实验过程包括制备海藻酸钙包覆纳米铁材料,绘制了亚甲基蓝的标准曲线,比较不同材料降解亚甲基蓝的效果,比较不同温度下海藻酸钙包覆纳米铁降解亚甲基蓝的效率,研究温度对其降解速率常数的影响。     

TiO2催化超声降解亚甲基蓝溶液

采用高温活化处理过的普通锐钛型TiO2为催化剂,研究了各种因素对亚甲基蓝超声降解反应的影响.结果表明:在普通锐钛型TiO2作用下,亚甲基蓝的超声降解效果明显优于单纯超声降解.降解动力学符合一级反应.在超声波频率 40kHz,输出功率 50W,催化剂用量 1. 0g/L,pH为 5. 16, 40℃,亚甲基蓝水溶液初始浓度 5mg/L的条件下, 120min左右降解率即可达到 80 %以上.     

锌铝水滑石对亚甲基蓝光催化降解性能

采用共沉淀法制备了物质的量的比为3∶1的锌铝水滑石(Zn3Al-LDHs),并用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和热重-差热(TG-DTA)等技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行表征。考察了不同催化剂投入量、光照时间等因素对锌铝水滑石降解亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue)的影响,找到了最佳的催化剂用量为150～200 mg,光照时间为120 min。在最佳实验条件下,光照180 min后亚甲基蓝的特征峰消失,发色基团破坏,其降解率达到了95%左右。此外,通过探讨光催化过程动力学及降解机理,表明该降解反应符合一级反应动力学模型。     

BiVO4-MCM-41复合催化剂的制备及其对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性

将单斜白钨矿结构的BiVO4固载于中孔MCM-41分子筛上,制备了BiVO4-MCM-41复合催化剂,并对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂在光催化亚甲基蓝降解反应中的催化活性.结果表明,BiVO4首先在MCM-41分子筛上形成锆石结构或四面体白钨矿结构的结晶,通过水热处理之后转变为单斜结构的结晶.BiVO4-MCM-41催化剂不仅保持了BiVO4较高的光催化活性,而且提高了对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,从而提高了对亚甲基蓝降解反应的光催化活性.     

基于等离子体型Ag@AgBr插层K4Nb6O17的可控合成及光催化性能

在微波辅助条件下采用离子交换和光致还原的方法将Ag@AgBr纳米粒子插层进入K4Nb6O17层间,制备了具有等离子体共振效应的可见光催化剂(记作K4Nb6O17/Ag@AgBr).在胺交换过程中采用不同链长的有机胺对酸交换产物进行柱撑,通过铌酸钾层间距的变化实现层间Ag@AgBr纳米粒子的形貌调控.利用XRD,SEM,EDX,UV-Vis等手段对复合催化剂进行结构、形貌和性质分析,并对复合光催化剂进行了可见光降解亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和苯酚的性能研究.结果表明:改性后的复合光催化剂在可见光区的响应大大增强;3种复合光催化剂对目标污染物均具有良好的可见光催化活性,其中十二胺柱撑的Ag@AgBr插层K4Nb6O17复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的移除效果最好.     

磁性光催化剂BiVO_4/Fe_3O_4降解亚甲基蓝的研究

本文用超声法将磁基体Fe3O4与BiVO4复合,制备了易于固液分离的磁性可见光催化剂BiVO4/Fe3O4,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征。以亚甲基蓝为降解对象,考察了BiVO4/Fe3O4的可见光催化活性,并研究了光催化体系中光催化剂用量、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、溶液的pH值、电子受体的存在对光催化过程的影响。结果表明,催化剂的最佳用量为2.0g/L,亚甲基蓝最佳初始浓度为10mg/L,溶液的最佳pH值为11,加入电子受体K2S2O8时,亚甲基蓝几乎完全降解。催化剂回收后连续使用3次,降解率仍然大于80%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.