Newtons „Principia Mathematica Philosophia”︁ und Plancks Elementarkonstanten

Newton's “Principia Mathematica Philosophia” and Planck's Elementary Constants Together with Planck's elementary constants Newton's principles prove a guaranteed basis of physics and “exact” sciences of all directions. The conceptions in physics are competent at all physical problems as well as technology too. Classical physics was founded in such a way to reach far beyond the physics of macroscopic bodies.     

Development of copolymer of CR-39 with high sensitivity to low let particles

Several types of copolymers of CR-39 were prepared to find its usefulness as a nuclear track detector of high sensitivity. Track responses of these copolymers were investigated by irradiating energetic ions from proton through Ar. The copolymer of CR-39 monomer with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) shows higher sensitivity than that of pure CR-39 for low LET particles such as protons. Preliminary results are reported for the track responses of copolymers (CR-39/NIPAAm) with various contents of NIPAAm as well as the etching properties.     

Beam-foil level lifetimes in Krypton III

The radiative lifetimes of levels in doubly-ionized Krypton have been measured after foil excitation of a beam of Krypton particles in the wavelength range 120nm–500nm. The results are compared with the experimental values obtained by Fink et al. [1], as well as theoretical values resulting from Coulomb approximation (C.A.) and single configuration Hartree-Fock (H.F.) calculations.     

Associating fluids with four bonding sites against a hard wall: density functional theory

We present two new perturbation density functional theories to investigate non-uniform fluids of associating molecules. Each fluid molecule is modelled as a spherical hard core with four highly anisotropic square well sites placed in tetrahedral symmetry on the hard core surface. In one theory we apply the weighting from Tarazona's hard sphere density functional theory to Wertheim's bulk first-order perturbation theory. The other theory uses the inhomogeneous form of Wertheim's theory as a perturbation to Tarazona's hard-sphere density functional theory. Each theory approaches Tarazona's theory in the limit of zero association. We compare results from theory and simulation for density profiles, fraction of monomers, and adsorption of an associating fluid against a hard, smooth wall over a range of temperatures and densities. The non-uniform fluid theory which uses Tarazona's weighting of Wertheim's theory in the bulk is in good agreement with computer simulation results.     

A new look at electromagnetic field theory

The most general expression of electromagnetic theory is examined in the light of (1) Faraday's interpretation of the field as a potentiality for the force of charged matter to act upon a test body, and (2) Einstein's view of the field equations as an example of a covariant expression of special relativity. Faraday's original interpretation, in which all physical variables must be expressible as nonsingular fields, implies a particular generalization of the standard forms of the conservation equations and leads to a removal of the problem of the infinite self-energy of point sources. A further generalization of the mathematical expression of electromagnetism occurs when it is asserted that the form of the laws must be compatible with the symmetry requirements of the irreducible representations of the Poincaré group. This yields a factorization of the vector field equations, giving a set of two uncoupled two-component spinor equations. It is shown that the latter lead to twice as many conservation equations for electromagnetism, compared with the vector formalism, thus making extra predictions that are not made in the latter formalism. It is shown that the extra conservation equations reveal themselves only when incorporating the requirements of Faraday's interpretation of the field solutions.     

Irregular mixing due to a vortex pair interacting with a fixed vortex

The paper examines scalar advection caused by a point–vortex pair encountering a fixed point vortex in a uniform flow. The interaction produces two types of vortex motion. First is unbounded as the pair moves unrestrictedly after encountering the fixed vortex. The scalar exchanging between the pair's bubble and fixed vortex's neighbourhood is numerically estimated. Second is bounded as the pair's vortices periodically oscillate about the fixed vortex. The pair's periodic motion perturbs scalar motion causing a portion of scalar trajectories to manifest chaotic behaviour. We analyse scalar transport using Poincaré sections, which reveal regular and chaotic transport regions.     

Au-Zn,TiPdAu电极对InGaAsP/InP双异质结发光管可靠性影响的研究

本文用AES研究了P-InP/TiPdAu热处理前后的界面特性,结果表明:TiPd层对Au的内扩散和In的扩散有阻挡作用。以TiPdAu作InGaAsP/InP双异质结发光管的p面电极、镀Au作热沉,采用In焊料,研究了器件的可靠性问题,在室温大气气氛中;70℃存储,70～80℃带电老化,三种条件下长时间考核结果表明:器件的I-V特性正常,末见正向压降明显变化。还比较了Au-Zn材料作p面电极用TiPdAu作肖脱基势垒限制层制成的器件和用TiPdAu作电极材料制成的深Zn扩散型器件在老化过程中的特性变化,后二种结构的器件,在长期老化过程中,有源区中有大面积DSD生长和增殖。     

Composite thin film materials on the basis of silver nanostructures on polymer matrix by methods of chemical metallization and self-assembling

The techniques of formation of thin metallic coatings by deposition of silver nanoparticles (NPs) from solution onto the surface of glass and silicon substrates modified by polyelectrolytes were developed. The possibilities of the adsorption of individual silver particles, as well as creation of continuous films on their basis, were shown. The transmission, absorption and reflection spectra of obtained coatings were investigated. The most promising structure for metamaterials creation from the list of formed one was determined—solid thin film of Ag NPs on a glass substrate modified by polyethylenimine.     

CR-39核径迹探测器及其在核科学等研究领域中的应用

介绍了一种核径迹探测器ＣＲ－３９塑料的特性,这种探测器对逞电粒子非常灵敏,它还具有稳定、透明等特点,可记录ｐ、ａ粒子,裂变碎片和其他带电粒子,它是现有固体核径迹探测器中能量沉积密度探测阈最低的材料,介绍了ＣＲ－３９对带电粒子的响应,给出了各种带电粒子的ｖＴ对限定能量损失（ＲＥＬ）的响应曲线,利用ＣＲ－３９与转换屏的组合还可测定能量范围广的中子能谱,可作为方便的个人中子剂量计,介绍了ＣＲ－３９在研究     

Influence of γ-irradiation on properties of amorphous Fe78B13Si9 alloy studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and positron annihilation technique

The influence of γ-irradiation on properties of METGLAS 2605S2 and FC3-1 Fe₇₈B₁₃Si₉ has been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy, positron annihilation technique as well as bending test. The ductility and orientation of magnetization were changed by γ-irradiation. They probably correlate with the change of microscopic free volume and release of stress in the ribbon, respectively.     

Continuous-wave 2.52 Terahertz Gabor inline compressive holographic tomography

Continuous-wave (CW) 2.52 Terahertz (THz) 3D tomographic images were obtained by numerically reconstructing a single Gabor inline digital hologram based on modified compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm. Three metallic copper samples which are separately adhered to three Teflon plate were used as the targets. The actual axial resolution achieved was higher than 6 mm, and the lateral resolution was higher than 0.4 mm. Similarly, a paper clip and a handwritten character sample on a white paper were also imaged. Numerical simulation and experimental results verified the preferable reconstruction characteristics of the proposed modified algorithm. The feasibility of CW THz Gabor inline compressive holographic tomography is confirmed by adding barriers such as Teflon boards and thermal paper to block the samples.     

An in silico protocol for identifying mTOR inhibitors from natural products

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an anti-cancer target. In this study, we propose an in silico protocol for identifying mTOR inhibitors from the ZINC natural product database. First, a three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship pharmacophore model was built based on known mTOR inhibitors. The model was validated with an external test set, Fischer’s randomization method, a decoy set and pharmacophore mapping conformation testing. The results showed that the model can predict the mTOR inhibition activity of the tested compounds. Virtual screening was performed based on the best pharmacophore model, and the results were then filtered using a molecular docking approach. In addition, molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area analysis was used to refine the selected candidates. The top 20 natural products were selected as potential mTOR inhibitors, and their structural scaffolds could serve as building blocks in designing drug-like molecules for mTOR inhibition.     

Forgetting and gravitation: From Landauer's principle to Tolman's temperature

The erasure of a bit of information requires the dissipation of a minimal amount of energy as being formulated in Landauer's principle. We show that for an information processing device in a static gravitational field Landauer's lower energy bound is determined by Tolman's temperature relation.     

Transformation of Gorkov's equation for type II superconductors into transport-like equations

The stationary behavior of type II superconductors is completely described by Gorkov's equations for a set of four Green's functions, supplemented by two self-consistency equations for gap parameterΔ(r) and vector potentialA(r). Expanding all quantities as usual at the Fermi surface and averaging over impurity positions, this set of equations is transformed into a simpler set for integrated Green's functions (which still contain much more information than is needed in most cases). The resulting equations, when linearized, yield essentially Lüders' transport equation for de Gennes' correlation function. The full equations contain all the known results and provide a promising starting point for numerical calculations. The thermodynamic potential is constructed as a functional of the integrated Green's functions and the mean fieldsΔ andA and a variational principle is formulated which uses this functional. Finally, paramagnetic scatterers are included (in Born approximation) as an example for possible generalizations of the new equations.     

Effect of dilution and temperature on the energy transfer and quenching in an organic liquid scintillator

The energy transfer and quenching rate parameters are determined as a function of temperature in the 30–70°C temperature range for a system 4,4'''-bis-(2-butyloctyloxy)-p-quaterphenyl in deoxygenated dilute solution containing a 1:9 mixture of toluene to cyclohexane using aniline as donor quencher. The data has been analysed using a compact equation. The energy transfer and quenching processes are due to molecular diffusion and migration but are not due to long-range interaction.     

热光耦合作用下的光纤传输特性

通过求解电磁波束包络方程和能量方程的耦合方程组,考虑温度对材料介电系数的影响及传输损耗产热的耦合作用,求解了复合热边界条件下光纤的基模态传输和损耗问题。研究表明:随着纤芯半径的增大,电场强度、能量耗散密度减小,传播常数增大;环境温度降低、对流换热系数增大和表面发射率升高都会使得传播常数减小,电场强度、能量耗散密度增大;能量耗散密度和电场强度随截面曲率的变化并不是线性的,还受到其他因素的共同作用。     

Preparation and optical properties of single crystal thin films of bismuth substituted iron garnets for magneto-optic applications

Single crystal thin films of Bi substituted iron garnets have been grown by the liquid phase epitaxy technique. The growth conditions and compositions are presented together with the segregation coefficients of Bi and Pb as a function of growth temperature. The Faraday rotation and optical absorption have been measured for wavelengths between 0.7 and 0.46 μm. The superior magneto-optic properties (Faraday rotations of up to ten times larger than that observed for Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) make these epitaxial layers attractive for magneto-optic devices. The influence of Pb incorporation on the optical properties of the films is discussed. Compositions of Bi and Ga(Al) substituted Gd₃Fe₅O₁₂, which exhibit a magnetic compensation temperature near room temperature and high Faraday rotation, have also been prepared. The magnetic switching behaviour as a function of temperature has been determined. It shows that these films are especially suited for thermomagnetic recording using an argon ion laser at a wavelength of 5145 Å.     

The Effects of Storage on CR-39

The effects of storage temperatures on the track registration of CR-39 as a solid state nuclear track detectors have been investigated. The results show that the storage CR-39 detectors cause partial or complete removal of tracks depending on storaged time and temperatures. The bulk activation energy for CR-39 has been found to be 0.883 eV.