Non-autonomous Julia sets with escaping critical points

We consider non-autonomous iteration which is a generalization of standard polynomial iteration where we deal with Julia sets arising from composition sequences for arbitrarily chosen polynomials with uniformly bounded degrees and coefficients. In this paper, we look at examples where all the critical points escape to infinity. In the classical case, any example of this type must be hyperbolic and there can be only one Fatou component, namely the basin at infinity. This result remains true in the non-autonomous case if we also require that the dynamics on the Julia set be hyperbolic or semi-hyperbolic. However, in general it fails and we exhibit three counterexamples of sequences of quadratic polynomials all of whose critical points escape but which have bounded Fatou components.     

Hausdorff dimension and conformal measures of Feigenbaum Julia sets

We show that contrary to anticipation suggested by the dictionary between rational maps and Kleinian groups and by the ``hairiness phenomenon', there exist many Feigenbaum Julia sets whose Hausdorff dimension is strictly smaller than two. We also prove that for any Feigenbaum Julia set, the Poincaré critical exponent is equal to the hyperbolic dimension . Moreover, if , then . In the stationary case, the last statement can be reversed: if , then . We also give a new construction of conformal measures on that implies that they exist for any , and analyze their scaling and dissipativity/conservativity properties.

     

The topology of Julia sets for polynomials

We prove that wandering components of the Julia set of a polynomial are singletons provided each critical point in a wandering Julia component is non-recurrent. This means a conjecture of Branner-Hubbard is true for this kind of polynomials     

The Julia sets of quadratic Cremer polynomials

We study the topology of the Julia set of a quadratic Cremer polynomial P. Our main tool is the following topological result. Let be a homeomorphism of a plane domain U and let T⊂U be a non-degenerate invariant non-separating continuum. If T contains a topologically repelling fixed point x with an invariant external ray landing at x, then T contains a non-repelling fixed point. Given P, two angles θ,γ are K-equivalent if for some angles x₀=θ,…,xn=γ the impressions of xi−1 and xi are non-disjoint, 1?i?n; a class of K-equivalence is called a K-class. We prove that the following facts are equivalent: (1) there is an impression not containing the Cremer point; (2) there is a degenerate impression; (3) there is a full Lebesgue measure dense Gδ-set of angles each of which is a K-class and has a degenerate impression; (4) there exists a point at which the Julia set is connected im kleinen; (5) not all angles are K-equivalent.     

Hausdorff dimension 2 for Julia sets of quadratic polynomials

We consider families of quadratic polynomials which admit parameterisations in a neighbourhood of the boundary of the Mandelbrot set. We show how to find parameters such that the associated Julia sets are of Hausdorff dimension 2. Received October 11, 1999 / Published online April 12, 2001     

Function weighted measures and orthogonal polynomials on Julia sets

LetT(z) be a monic polynomial of degreed ?2 chosen so that its Julia setJ is real. A class of invariant measures supported onJ is constructed and discussed. We then construct the Jacobi matrices associated with these measures and show that they satisfy a renormalization group equation, a special case of which was discovered by Bellissard. Finally, we examine the asymptotic behavior of the orthogonal polynomials associated with these operators. We note that the operators have singular continuous spectra.     

Recurrence analysis on Julia sets of semigroups of complex polynomials

We introduce a recurrence function in order to analyze the dynamics of semigroups of complex polynomials. We show that under a regularity hypothesis, the recurrence function is continuous in the complex plane. This is a new notion even for the case of a semigroup with just one generator.     

Indecomposable continua and the Julia sets of polynomials, II

We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the connected Julia set of a polynomial of degree d?2 to be an indecomposable continuum. One necessary and sufficient condition is that the impression of some prime end (external ray) of the unbounded complementary domain of the Julia set J has nonempty interior in J. Another is that every prime end has as its impression the entire Julia set. The latter answers a question posed in 1993 by the second two authors.We show by example that, contrary to the case for a polynomial Julia set, the image of an indecomposable subcontinuum of the Julia set of a rational function need not be indecomposable.     

Littlewood polynomials with high order zeros

Let be the minimal length of a polynomial with coefficients divisible by . Byrnes noted that for each , and asked whether in fact . Boyd showed that for all , but . He further showed that , and that is one of the 5 numbers , or . Here we prove that . Similarly, let be the maximal power of dividing some polynomial of degree with coefficients. Boyd was able to find for . In this paper we determine for .

     

Local connectivity of Julia sets for a family of biquadratic polynomials

The local connectivity of Julia sets for the family of biquadratic polynomials f_c(z)= (z~2-2c~2)z~2 with a parameter c is discussed.It is proved that for any parameter c,the boundary of the immediately attracting domain of f_c is a Jordan curve.     

Convergence of Julia polynomials

We study the approximation of conformal mappings with the polynomials defined by Keldysh and Lavrentiev from an extremal problem considered by Julia. These polynomials converge uniformly on the closure of any Smirnov domain to the conformal mapping of this domain onto a disk. We prove estimates for the rate of such convergence on domains with piecewise analytic boundaries, expressed through the smallest exterior angles at the boundary. Research supported in part by the National Security Agency under Grant No. MDA904-03-1-0081.     

On the location of critical points of polynomials

Given a polynomial of degree and with at least two distinct roots let . For a fixed root we define the quantities and . We also define and to be the corresponding minima of and as runs over . Our main results show that the ratios and are bounded above and below by constants that only depend on the degree of . In particular, we prove that , for any polynomial of degree .

     

Mandelbrot-like sets in dynamical systems with no critical points

We report the discovery of an infinite quantity of Mandelbrot-like sets in the real parameter space of the Hénon map, a bidimensional diffeomorphism not obeying the Cauchy–Riemann conditions and having no critical points. For practical applications, this result shows to be possible to stabilize infinitely many complex phases by tuning real parameters only. To cite this article: A. Endler, J.A.C. Gallas, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006).     

Analytic order of singular and critical points

We deal with the following closely related problems: (i) For a germ of a reduced plane analytic curve, what is the minimal degree of an algebraic curve with a singular point analytically equivalent (isomorphic) to the given one? (ii) For a germ of a holomorphic function in two variables with an isolated critical point, what is the minimal degree of a polynomial, equivalent to the given function up to a local holomorphic coordinate change? Classically known estimates for such a degree in these questions are , where is the Milnor number. Our result in both the problems is with an absolute constant . As a corollary, we obtain asymptotically proper sufficient conditions for the existence of algebraic curves with prescribed singularities on smooth algebraic surfaces.

     

Continuity of Julia sets

A sufficient and necessary condition is given for the continuity of Julia sets in the space of all rational maps with degreek>1. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19871002).     

Pseudospectra, critical points and multiple eigenvalues of matrix polynomials

We develop a general framework for perturbation analysis of matrix polynomials. More specifically, we show that the normed linear space L_m(C^n×n) of n-by-n matrix polynomials of degree at most m provides a natural framework for perturbation analysis of matrix polynomials in L_m(C^n×n). We present a family of natural norms on the space L_m(C^n×n) and show that the norms on the spaces C^m+1 and C^n×n play a crucial role in the perturbation analysis of matrix polynomials. We define pseudospectra of matrix polynomials in the general framework of the normed space L_m(C^n×n) and show that the pseudospectra of matrix polynomials well known in the literature follow as special cases. We analyze various properties of pseudospectra in the unified framework of the normed space L_m(C^n×n). We analyze critical points of backward errors of approximate eigenvalues of matrix polynomials and show that each critical point is a multiple eigenvalue of an appropriately perturbed polynomial. We show that common boundary points of components of pseudospectra of matrix polynomials are critical points. As a consequence, we show that a solution of Wilkinson’s problem for matrix polynomials can be read off from the pseudospectra of matrix polynomials.     

Bounds and majorization relations for the critical points of polynomials

We apply several matrix inequalities to the derivative companion matrices of complex polynomials to establish new bounds and majorization relations for the critical points of these polynomials in terms of their zeros.