有机HTDIOO分子LB膜结构的AFM研究

利用原子力显微镜（AFM）对有机分子HTDIOO单层和多层LB膜结构进行了观察·实验结果表明，针尖与LB膜表面分子间的相互作用力会对成像的膜结构有影响．当悬臂针尖与LB膜表面分子的相互作用力较大时，针尖会扰动HTDIOO分子在单层LB膜中的有序排列．HTDIOO单层LB膜具有有序结构；而在多层LB膜中，HTDIOO分子则聚集在一起形成了一定的畴结构．     

苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚物单分子膜的静、动态性质

对不同分子量的苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚物（PSM）单分子膜的π－A等温线、微 分曲线进行了研究，讨论了PSM单分子膜成膜过程及分子量对膜相变的影响，并用 动态膜障振动法测定了PSM单分子膜的动态弹性，结果表明，分子链的相互作用（ 如卷曲和缠结）在膜的形成中起着重要的作用，并影响膜的静、动态性质，单分子 膜的动态弹性曲线有双峰，且前者比后者小，随分子量增大，膜的凝聚性、刚性和 稳定性都增强，动态弹性都增大；且分子链的相互作用对PSM单分子性质影响增大 ，压缩过程中单分子膜的相变更明显。     

L-色氨酸分子印迹壳聚糖膜的制备及透过选择性

以L-色氨酸为印迹分子,选取富含羟基和氨基的多功能团聚合物壳聚糖（CS）为基本成膜材料,通过相转化法结合碱液处理与硫酸交联两种后处理方式制备了L-色氨酸分子印迹CS膜（MIM）,采用红外光谱（FT-IR）对膜的组成和结构进行表征,通过渗透实验考察了分子印迹壳聚糖膜对L-色氨酸的分子识别性能,考察了碱液处理与硫酸交联两种后处理方式对膜的溶胀性以及MIM内物质传递的影响．     

空气/水界面单分子膜的弹性

空气／水界面单分子膜的弹性是与膜应用有关的一个重要力学性质。本文对最近十几年来空气／水界面单分子膜的弹性的研究情况进行了综述,着重介绍X射线衍射法（XRD）、动态振动测量法、表面光散射法（SLS）、电生毛细波衍射法（ECWD）等空气／水界面单分子膜弹性的测量技术。     

有机HTDIOO分子LB膜结构的AFM研究

利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）对有机分子ＨＴＤＩＯＯ单层和多层ＬＢ膜结构进行了观察。实验结果表明，针尖与ＬＢ膜表面分子间的相互作用力会对成像的膜结构有影响。当悬臂针尖与ＬＢ膜表面分子的相互作用力较大时，针尖会扰动ＨＴＤＩＯＯ分子在单层ＬＢ膜中的有序排列。ＨＴＤＩＯＯ单层ＬＢ膜具有有序结构；而在多层ＬＢ膜中，ＨＴＤＩＯＯ分子则聚集在一起形成了一定的畴结构。     

偶氮苯自组装单分子膜中长程电子转移机理

利用自组装技术在金电极表面构造了具有不同前端健长度偶氮苯功能化的单分子膜体系：Au／S（CH2）nNHCO-N＝N-OCH2CH3（n＝2，3，4，6）．研究结果表明，仍氮苯到金电极的表现电子转移速率随它们之间的距离长度的增加而呈指数性的下降趋势．基于Marcus电子隧穿理论，得到了此自组装膜体系的长程电子隧穿系数ρ＝（1．35±0．2）／CH2在和可逆电活性分子自组装膜体系及理论计算相比较的基础上，从偶氮苯分子自组装膜结构与电子转移过程的关系角度对这一结果进行了分析和说明．     

鞘氨醇／胆固醇单层分子膜的热力学特性及表面形态的AFM观测

脂筏是近年来在生物膜研究中发现的一种富含鞘脂、胆固醇和特殊蛋白质的动态微区结构,其结构和功能的改变,会引发多种疾病．本文利用LB膜技术模拟脂筏的动态微区结构,通过测量表面压力与平均分子面积（π-A）曲线数据,计算出鞘氨醇／胆固醇LB单层膜的过量分子面积（△A（ex））、表面过量吉布斯自由能（△G（ex））、活度系数（f1和f2）以及弹性模量（Cs^-1）,系统的研究了二元组份混合单层膜的热力学特性,并用原子力显微镜对鞘氨醇与胆固醇混合膜的形态进行观察．热力学分析表明过量分子面积和过量吉布斯自由能相对理想状态都具有负偏差作用,这说明分子间相互作用表现为吸引力,且单层膜的稳定性、弹性模量和活度系数的数值明显的依赖于胆固醇与鞘氨醇的比例．AFM观察结果表明,纯鞘氨醇单分子膜表现为小的颗粒体结构;当鞘氨醇与胆固醇按不同摩尔比混合时,随着胆固醇摩尔比例的增加,混合膜呈现出从链状结构向较大的片层与网状共存结构的转化．最终纯胆固醇形成高度紧密的膜结构．AFM实验有力的支持了理论分析的结果．     

LB膜技术对葡萄糖氧化酶分子构象的影响

利用π－Ａ曲线、布儒斯特角显微镜（ＢＡＭ）及ＣＤ光谱对葡萄糖氧化酶（ＧＯＤ）的甲醇溶液铺展在ＣｄＣｌ２水溶液和纯水表面上形成的单分子膜进行了研究，以了解ＧＯＤ分子的自组和折叠情况，发现甲醇或者ＣｄＣｌ２都能ＧＯＤ分子更加疏水，易形成单分子膜，铺展在ＣｄＣｌ２溶液上比铺展在纯水上更加能使ＧＯＤ的单分子膜排列紧密，在表面压较高时，能观察到形成了第二层膜，并且使ＧＯＤ分子的构象从β－折叠片向α－螺旋转变     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯单分子膜的原子力学显微镜研究

报道了利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）技术对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）单分子膜进行分子结构水平的观察研究．由ＡＰＭ图像中得到的ＰＭＭＡ单体所占面积与用π－Ａ曲线中换算出液面上ＰＭＭＡＬａｕｇｍｕｉｒ膜中单体的面积符合得很好．从ＡＦＭ图像中可见ＰＭＭＡＬＢ膜中ＰＭＭＡ的线型碳链是与档板（ｂａｒｒｉｅｒ）平行的紧密排列，与ＬＢ提膜方向相垂直．并由此对ＰＭＭＡＬＢ膜的形成过程进行分析．此外，还观察到了在Ｓｉ基底上ＰＭＭＡ直链的卷绕伸直排列形态，初步分析了其形成原因．     

β－环糊精含硫衍生物自组单分子膜修饰金电极的选择穿透性研究

β－环糊精含硫衍生物自组单分子膜修饰金电极的选择穿透性研究何品刚，方禹之，铃木，嚴长，哲郎（华东师范大学化学系，上海，２０００６２）（东北大学药学部，仙台９８０，日本国）关键词硫辛酰－β－环糊精衍生物，自组单分子膜，金电极近年来，为在分子水平上控制和...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。