乙基曙红光度法测定西地那非的含量

在pH3.5～4.0的NaAc HCl缓冲介质中,西地那非与乙基曙红反应,形成离子缔合物,使乙基曙红溶液颜色发生明显改变,最大吸收波长在550nm,比乙基曙红红移了30nm,并在520nm处产生最大褪色作用,从而建立测定西地那非(Sild)的光度法。在最大褪色波长520nm处,西地那非浓度在0.2～2.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数ε520为2.44×104L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为9.3×10-7mol·L-1,若用双波长叠加,则表观摩尔吸光系数ε520+550达4.53×104L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限达5.0×10-7mol·L-1。本法操作简便,体系稳定,灵敏度较高,选择性好,用于柠檬酸西地那非片(万艾可)中西地那非含量的测定,结果满意。     

盐酸氯丙嗪-卤代荧光素体系的光度法测定

在NaAc HCl缓冲介质中,盐酸氯丙嗪可与曙红Y、赤藓红、乙基署红等卤代荧光素染料反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显改变,可用光度法测定。盐酸氯丙嗪的浓度在0～1.6×10-5mol·L-1(曙红Y)、0～1.3×10-5mol·L-1(赤鲜红)、0～1.5×10-5mol·L-1(乙基曙红)范围内遵守比耳定律,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为4.63×104L·mol-1·cm-1、2.50×104L·mol-1·cm-1、为4.32×104L·mol-1·cm-1。方法用于片剂和针剂中盐酸氯丙嗪的测定,结果满意。     

曙红内酯吸光光度法测定酒中乙醇含量

曙红在酸性水溶液中变成内酯型与乙醇生成橙色，能被疏水性有机溶剂提取，用有机溶剂提取可以抑制着色酒类的颜色的影响。得出了有机相的吸光度与一定浓度范围之间的乙醇含量的函数关系，方法具有操作简便，不需要特殊试剂和仪器，样品不需特殊处理，重现性好等优点。     

亚甲基蓝光度法测定西地那非的含量

在pH3.0～6.0的条件下,亚甲基蓝(MB)与西地那非(SD)反应,生成蓝色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长位于600nm,SD浓度在0～1.6×10-5mol/L范围服从比耳定律,由此建立了测定西地那非含量的分光光度法。缔合物的表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)为3.0×104L·mol-1·cm-1。该方法用于市售药物中西地那非含量的测定,结果满意。     

阻抑动力学光度法测定蔬菜中的抗坏血酸

抗坏血酸(Vc)是人体内不可缺少的一种重要营养物质,参与机体内一系列代谢和反应。当摄入量不足时,会导致毛细血管脆性增加,引起代谢失调。由于该物质人体不能自身合成,只能从食物中摄取,因此研究食物中抗坏血酸的含量对人体健康有重要实际意义。测定抗坏血酸的方法主要有碘量法     

曙红Y分光光度法测定盐酸吡格列酮含量

盐酸吡格列酮(pioglitazone hydrochloride)是由日本武田公司研制开发的新型胰岛素增敏剂,于1999年7月获美国FDA批准用于治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病[1],化学名称:(±)5-[4-[2-(5-乙基-2-吡啶)乙氧基]苯甲基]-2,4-噻唑烷二酮盐酸盐,分子式:C19H20N2O3S·HCl,化学结构如下: 盐酸吡格列酮为噻唑烷二酮类胰岛素增敏剂,通过增强外周组织和肝脏对胰岛素的敏感性,改善胰岛素对葡萄糖和脂肪代谢的控制,减少肝糖的产生和输出,从而具有降低血糖和血脂的作用,有明确的改善胰岛素抵抗,降低空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白的效果,同时还可调节脂质代谢,降低致动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,并减轻胰岛B细胞负担,对胰岛B细胞有良好的保护作用[2].是一种新型口服抗Ⅱ型糖尿病药.     

近红外特征谱段相关系数法测定中药胶囊中添加枸橼酸西地那非

利用近红外特征谱段相关系数法对中药胶囊中是否添加枸橼酸西地那非进行快速定性分析.分别使用近红外光谱仪的积分球和光纤附件测定光谱,以枸橼酸西地那非化学对照品的近红外光谱为参照光谱,选择特定谱段,根据枸橼酸西地那非被掺入胶囊中的最小起效浓度建立待测样品光谱与参照光谱在该谱段的相似系数阈值,定性判断待测样品是否含有枸橼酸西地那非.积分球方法:选择6070～5800 cm~(-1)和4170～4070 cm~(-1)谱段,阈值为70%,用79个含枸橼酸西地那非的市售样品验证该方法,相关系数大于70%的有72个,占样品总量的91.14%;光纤方法:选定6070～5800 cm~(-1)谱段为特征谱段,设定阈值为65%,用247个含枸橼酸西地那非的市售样品进行验证,相关系数大于65%的有216个,占样品总量的87.45%.实验证明此方法具有较好的预测能力,可作为市场上该种非法添加药物的快速有效检查手段.     

曙红Y褪色光度法测定微量铈

研究了在氨-氯化铵介质中Ce(Ⅳ)催化高碘酸钾氧化曙红Y的褪色反应及其动力学条件,测定了反应级数和表观活化能,建立了测定痕量铈的新方法.曙红Y的最大吸收波长为515 nm,该方法的检出极限为2.0×10-10 g·ml-1,线性范围为0～400 ng·ml-1,可用于发样中痕量铈的测定.     

Spectrophotometric phosphate determination in urine by ligand exchange extraction

A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of phosphate in urine is proposed, based on the ligand exchange extraction produced by phosphate solution at pH 7.5 when it is shaken with a solution of Fe(III) indole-2-carboxylate iniso-amyl alcohol. The organic layer decoloration is measured at 400 nm and the phosphate indirectly determined. The sensitivity of the method is 1.07 × 10³ 1 mol^–1 cm^–1, the linear working range 1–15 × 10^–5 mol/l of phosphate and the relative standard deviation 5%. It does not require previous treatment of the sample and it is free from interferences by other normal or pathological constituents of the urine samples. The results agreed closely with those obtained by using a Sigma Diagnostics procedure for inorganic phosphorus, based on the Fiske-SubbaRow method. The method does not require special instrumentation and is not expensive.     

Spectrophotometric determination of 1-naphthylamine in urine with pentacyanonitrosylmanganate (II)

A new Spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of 1-naphthylamine (R), based on its reaction with Mn(CN)₅NO^2– to form Mn(CN)₅NH₂R^3– and measurement of the absorbance at 472 nm. In aqueous medium the molar absorptivity of the manganese complex is maximum ( = 8.0 × 10³1 · mole^–1 ·cm^–1) in the pH range 5.0–10.0, the colour develops more rapidly at pH 10.0. The absorptivity is increased by a factor of 3.5 if the complex is extracted as an ion-associate into chloroform. The extraction efficiency is 99.2% for a single-step extraction, and a concentration factor of 5 can also be achieved. Linearity of response extends over the range 0.04–1.4 gmg/ml 1-naphthylamine, the coefficient of variation being 1.4% at the 0.29 g/ml level (n = 6). The detection and determination limits are 0.005 and 0.018 g/ml, respectively. The method is selective enough to allow the determination of 1-naphthylamine in the presence of considerable amounts of other amines, such as aminophenols and phenylenediamines. Results obtained in the determination of 1-naphthylamine in human urine were very satisfactory.     

Spectrophotometric determination of carbamazepine and mosapride citrate in pure and pharmaceutical preparations

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of carbamazepine and mosapride citrate drugs in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. These methods are based on ion pair and charge transfer complexation reactions. The first method is based on the reaction of the carbamazepine drug with Mo(V)–thiocyanate in hydrochloric acid medium followed by an extraction of the coloured ion-pair with 1,2-dichloroethane and the absorbance of the ion pair was measured at 470 nm. The second method is based on the formation of ion-pairs between mosapride citrate and two dyestuff reagents namely bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol green (BCG) in a universal buffer of pH 4 and 3, respectively. The formed ion-pairs are extracted with chloroform and methylene chloride and measured at 412 and 416 nm for BTB and BCG reagents, respectively. The third method is based on charge transfer complex formation between mosapride citrate (electron donor) and DDQ (π-acceptor reagent) and the absorbance of the CT complexes was measured at 450 nm. All the optimum conditions are established. The calibration graphs are rectilinear in the concentration ranges 10–350 for carbamazepine using Mo(V)–thiocyanate and 4–100, 4–60 and 10–150 μg mL^?1 for mosapride citrate using BTB, BCG and DDQ reagents, respectively. The Sandell sensitivity (S), molar absorptivity, correlation coefficient, regression equations and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are calculated. The law values of standard deviation (0.04–0.09 for carbamazepine using Mo(V)–thiocyanate and 0.022–0.024, 0.013–0.018 and 0.013–0.020 for mosapride citrate using BTB, BCG and DDQ, respectively) and relative standard deviation (0.630–2.170 for carbamazepine using Mo(V)–thiocyanate and 0.123–1.43, 0.102–0.530 and 0.226–1.280 for mosapride citrate using BTB, BCG and DDQ, respectively) reflect the accuracy and precision of the proposed methods. The methods are applied for the assay of the two investigated drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the official method.     

Polymer membrane sensors for sildenafil citrate (Viagra) determination in pharmaceutical preparations

The construction and performance characteristics of ion selective membrane electrodes for sildenafil citrate (SC) drug (the active component of Viagra) are described. The proposed sensors are based on the formation of the complex ion associates of SC with sodium tetraphenylborate (SC-TPB) and phosphomolybdic acid (SC-PMA) as ionophores in poly vinyl chloride membrane (PVC). Both electrodes SC-PMA and SC-TPB showed a linear and stable potential response with near-Nernstian slope of 55.5±0.35 and 53.5±0.3 mV per decade over a wide range of concentration 10⁻² to 10⁻⁵ M sildenafil with good reproducibility, respectively. The electrodes showed a fast response time of 30 and 40 s. and were used over a wide range of pH 3-6. The selectivity coefficients indicated good selectivity for SC drug over a large number of nitrogenous compounds and some inorganic cations. The proposed sensors are tested for the analysis of SC in pure form, pharmaceutical preparations and blood serum. An average recovery of 98.9-99.5±0.6% and correlation to the existing methods of 0.998 were achieved.     

Reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and N‐desmethyl sildenafil in plasma of children

Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of cGMP‐specific type 5 phosphodiesterase used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the adults. In pediatrics, PAH treatment options include the off‐label use of sildenafil. Sildenafil is metabolized in the liver by cytocrome P450 into its active metabolite, N‐desmethyl sildenafil. The determination of plasma levels of sildenafil and N‐desmethyl sildenafil could be useful for therapy optimization and pharmacokinetic studies. We have developed and validated a method for the quantification of sildenafil and its metabolite in plasma of children by rapid extraction, using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The calibration range was fitted at least square model (r² ≥ 0.999), with an accuracy and an intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviation <15% for both analytes. The mean recovery was 102.5% for sildenafil and 101.8% for N‐desmethyl sildenafil. This simple method could be successfully used in children with PAH under treatment with sildenafil.     

乙基曙红-溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水样中阴离子表面活性剂

在弱酸性的HAC-NaAC缓冲介质中,将溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)与乙基曙红(EE)染料溶液混合,加入阴离子表面活性剂(AS),溶液颜色加深,最大吸收波长都在516nm处,且阴离子表面活性剂的浓度与溶液的增色程度呈良好线性关系。在最大吸收波长处,3种阴离子表面活性剂——十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)及十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度分别在0~2.05×10-5mol/L、0~2.08×10-5mol/L、0~2.04×10-5mol/L范围内遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为2.38×104、2.82×104和2.98×104L/(mol.cm),检出限分别为8.42×10-7、4.56×10-7和7.95×10-7mol/L。方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性,用于不同水样中AS的测定,结果满意。     

Fading Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Polyvinylpyrrolidone with Eosin Y

在弱酸性HC1-NaAc缓冲介质中,曙红Y（EY）在可见光区有强烈的光吸收,其最大吸收波长(lmax)位于517 nm处,而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)在250-700 nm之间无光吸收,当EY与PVP反应形成结合产物时,EY发生明显的褪色作用,最大褪色波长仍位于517 nm,并在545 nm处出现一个较小的吸收峰。其褪色程度（DA）与PVP浓度在0.40~3.20 µg mL-1范围成线性关系,此褪色反应的灵敏度高,摩尔吸光系数(ε)是6.4 × 106 L mol-1 cm-1,对PVP的检出限为0.12 µg mL-1。并研究了反应的影响因素,结果表明方法具有较好的选择性,据此发展了一种曙红Y褪色分光光度法测定PVP的新方法。方法简便快速,可用于啤酒中PVP的定量测定。     

固相萃取-分光光度法测定人体尿液中亚硝酸盐的含量

亚硝酸盐中毒发生时,为了快速准确测定人体尿液中的亚硝酸盐的含量,建立了固相萃取-分光光度的分析方法。本方法是基于亚硝酸盐的重氮偶合反应,采用固相萃取技术对尿液进行净化处理后,消除了基质干扰,提高了测试灵敏度,通过对比考察了固相萃取柱类型、重氮化剂种类、重氮化剂质量浓度、反应酸度、偶合剂质量浓度及反应时间等试验参数对测试结果的影响,得出了最佳的试验条件,确定了试验方法为尿液离心后经HLB固相萃取柱净化除杂,取过柱液2.0 mL于比色管中,用水定容至5.0 mL,依次加入0.5 mL对氨基苯磺酰胺酸性溶液（50.0 g/L）和0. 5 mL盐酸萘乙二胺溶液( 2.5 g /L)进行重氮偶合显色反应10 min,于波长544 nm 处进行吸光度的测定,以工作曲线外标法定量。 结果显示,亚硝酸盐在0.033-0.986 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9998,尿液在0.246-2.054 μg/mL三种加标水平范围内亚硝酸盐的平均回收率为96.3%-106.1%,表明HLB固相萃取柱有效去除了影响重氮偶合反应的干扰物质,达到了满意的净化效果。日内和日间测定值的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为2.01% -3.58%和2.21%- 4.75%,方法检出限为0.010 μg/mL,定量下限为0.033 μg/mL。该方法操作简单、快速,精密度和准确度良好,且检出限低,适用于人体尿液中亚硝酸盐含量的快速检测。     

Spectrophotometric determination of sildenafil citrate in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation using some chromotropic acid azo dyes

Two simple and highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the quantitative determination of the drug sildenafil citrate (SC), Viagra, in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations, through ion-associate formation reactions (method A) with mono-chromotropic acid azo dyes, chromotrope 2B (I) and chromotrope 2R (II) and ion-pair reactions (method B) with bi-chromotropic acid azo dyes, 3-phenylazo-6-o-carboxyphenylazo-chromotropic acid (III), bis-3,6-(o-hydroxyphenylazo)-chromotropic acid (IV), bis-3,6-(p-N,N-dimethylphenylazo)-chromotropic acid (V) and 3-phenylazo-6-o-hydroxyphenylazo-chromotorpic acid (VI). The reaction products, extractable in methylene chloride, were quantitatively measured at 540, 520, 540, 570, 600 and 575 nm using reagents, I–VI, respectively. The reaction conditions were studied and optimized. Beer's plots were linear in the concentration ranges 3.3–87.0, 3.3–96.0, 5.0–115.0, 2.5–125.0, 8.3–166.7 and 0.8–15.0 μg mL^?1 with corresponding molar absorptivities 1.02 × 10⁴, 8.34 × 10³, 6.86 × 10³, 5.42 × 10³, 3.35 × 10³ and 2.32 × 10⁴ L mol^?1 cm^?1 using reagents I–VI, respectively. The limits of detection and Sandell's sensitivities were calculated. The methods were successfully applied to the analysis of commercial tablets (Vigoran) and the recovery study reveals that there is no interference from the common excipients that are present in tablets. Statistical comparison of the results was performed with regard to accuracy and precision using Student's t- and F-tests at 95% confidence level. There is no significant difference between the reported and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision.