Diastereoisomeric (η6-arene)ruthenium(II) chiral Schiff base complexes: crystal structure of a triphenylphosphine adduct

Reaction of [(η⁶-p-cymene)RuCl(L*)] with AgClO₄ in Me₂CO gives a perchlorate complex which on subsequent treatment with PPh₃, γ-picoline or Cl⁻ yields adducts showing that there can be retention as well as inversion of configuration at the metal centre. The (R)_Ru,(S_C absolute configurations of the chiral centres in the triphenylphosphine adduct have been established by an X-ray diffraction study [HL*, (S-α-methylbenzylsalicylaldimine]. The CD spectral study reveals that there is an inversion of configuration during formation of the PPh₃ adduct.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and properties of two terbium complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine

Two new complexes {[Tb(2-IBA)₃ · 2,2′-bipy]₂ · C₂H₅OH} (1) and [Tb(2-ClBA)₃ · 2,2′-bipy]₂ (2) (2-IBA = 2-iodobenzoate; 2-ClBA = 2-chlorobenzoate; 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) were prepared and their crystal structures determined by X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is composed of two types of binuclear molecules, [Tb(2-IBA)₃ · 2,2′-bipy]₂ (a) and [Tb(2-IBA)₃ · 2,2′-bipy]₂ (b), and an uncoordinated ethanol molecule. In molecule (a), two Tb³⁺ ions are linked by four 2-IBA groups, all bidentate-bridging. In molecule (b), two Tb³⁺ ions are held together by four 2-IBA groups in two coordination modes, bidentate-bridging and chelating-bridging. In the two molecules, each Tb³⁺ ion is further bonded to one chelating 2-IBA group and one chelating 2,2′-bipy molecule, resulting in coordination numbers of eight for (a) and nine for (b). The structural characteristics of 2 are similar to that of molecule (b) in 1. The two complexes, 1 and 2, both emit strong green fluorescence under ultraviolet light with the ⁵D₄ → ⁷F _j (j = 6–3) emission of Tb³⁺ ion observed.     

Synthesis and properties of monometallic, homo- and heterobimetallic complexes based on {(η-arene)RuCl} and {(η-arene)OsCl} fragments with tetrathioether and tetraselenoether ligands

The reaction of [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂]₂ with 2.0 mol equivalents of C(CH₂SMe)₄, C(CH₂SeMe)₄, 1,2,4,5-C₆H₂(CH₂SMe)₄ or 1,2,4,5-C₆H₂(CH₂SeMe)₄ (L₄) and [NH₄][PF₆] in ethanol solution forms the [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene){κ²-L₄}][PF₆] complexes. Similar Os(II) complexes are obtained starting with [Os(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂]₂. Treatment of [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene){κ²-L₄}][PF₆] with a further 0.5 mol equivalents of [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂]₂ or reaction of [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂]₂ directly with 1.0 mol equivalent of L₄ forms the homobimetalllic [{RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene)}₂{κ²κ′²-L₄}][PF₆]₂. Reaction of [OsCl(η⁶-p-cymene)-{κ²-C(CH₂SeMe)₄}][PF₆] with [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂]₂ or [PtCl₂(MeCN)₂] affords the heterobimetallic [{OsCl(η⁶-p-cymene)}{RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene)}{κ²κ′²-C(CH₂SeMe)₄}][PF₆]₂ and [{OsCl(η⁶-p-cymene)}{PtCl₂}{κ²κ′²-C(CH₂SeMe)₄}][PF₆] respectively. The complexes have been characterised by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis of (η-arene)(η-cyclopentadienyl) iron (II) complexes with heteroatom and carbonyl substituents. Part I: Oxygen and carbonyl substituents

A series of reactions have been used to introduce oxygen substituents into (η-arene)(η-cyclopentadienyl) iron (II) complexes. Photochemical ligand exchange led to the formation of the first recorded trioxygenated complex as well as mono- and di-oxygenated species. Using microwave techniques, reaction times for S_NAr displacement reactions of halobenzene complexes by phenols were reduced from several hours to a few minutes. Phenols protected by either t-butylation or trimethylsilylation were found to give modest yields of the corresponding phenol complexes, using conventional thermal ligand exchange reactions. Without such protection, yields were extremely low. The above method led to the synthesis of the first example of a dihydroxybenzene complex. Some miscellaneous syntheses are also reported.The Nef reaction has been adapted to convert (η⁶-α-nitroalkylarene)(η⁵-Cp) iron (II) salts to corresponding aldehyde and ketone complexes. The α-nitroalkyl arene complexes were synthesised in good yields from (η⁶-halobenzene)(η⁵-Cp) iron (II) complexes using NaOtBu in DMSO. H/D exchange reactions with ²[H]₆-DMSO in the presence of K₂CO₃ showed partial D incorporation in the methyl group for the unreacted α-nitroethylbenzene complex and complete exchange for the carbanion generated by deprotonation. Conversion of the α-nitroalkylarene complexes to the corresponding aldehyde and ketone complexes was accomplished in moderate yields using three methods:

(A)

H₂O₂ and NaOtBu in DMSO followed by reaction with CF₃CO₂H.

(B)

SnCl₂/aq. HCl.

(C)

K₂CO₃ in DMF using microwave-mediated reactions.

In addition, two one-pot syntheses are reported using methods B and C.     

Synthesis,structure and reactivity of complexes containing a transition metal–bismuth bond

The transition metal chemistry of bismuth has attracted significant interest since the 1970s. The low cost and high abundance of bismuth(III) reagents, such as the trihalides, makes them ideal starting materials and the size of the bismuth centre allows three- and higher-coordinate complexes to be synthesised, in which the bismuth atom is linked to one or more transition metal fragments. The ability to vary these metal fragments gives access to a plethora of available structures, with cyclopentadienylcarbonyl, metal carbonyl and sandwich compounds of bismuth in existence. Significant recent study has focused on applications in catalysis, where bismuth species can act as cross-coupling agents in carbon–carbon, carbon–nitrogen and carbon–oxygen bond forming reactions. Another striking feature is the variation in bonding situations that can be observed when studying the organometallic chemistry of bismuth. For example, dative and covalent interactions have been reported, in addition to cases of dibismuth acting as a two-, four- or six-electron donating ligand. This review aims to demonstrate the multi-faceted nature of the transition metal chemistry of bismuth and provide a detailed coverage of this topic.     

Volatile complexes of Pd(II) with methoxy-β-iminoketones: Synthesis,properties, and crystal and molecular structure

This paper describes a procedure for the synthesis of two new volatile complexes, Pd(L¹)₂ and Pd(L²)₂, from sterically hindered methoxy-β-iminoketones, where HL¹ = C(CH₃)₂(OCH₃)-C(NH)-CH₂-C(O)-C(CH₃)₃; HL² = C(CH₃)₂(OCH₃)-C(NH)-CH₂-C(O)-CH(CH₃)₂. Element analysis and IR spectral data are given. The results of full X-ray crystal structure analysis of the complexes are reported. The compounds have molecular structures; the crystals of the complexes have different symmetry groups and unit cell dimensions. The Pd(L¹)₂ complex molecule has a nonplanar structure; the Pd(L²)₂ complex has a cis-structure. The geometrical characteristics obtained for the coordination units are as follows: the Pd-O and Pd-N bond lengths and N-Pd-O chelate angles were estimated at 1.960 Å, 93.7° for Pd(L¹)₂, and 1.984 Å, 1.976 Å, 92.4° for Pd(L²)₂.     

Studies on characterization, telomerase inhibitory properties and G-quadruplex binding of η6-arene ruthenium complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline-derived ligands

Two arene ruthenium complexes [Ru(η(6)-C(6)H(6))(p-MOPIP)Cl](+)1 and [Ru(η(6)-C(6)H(6))(p-CFPIP)Cl](+)2, where p-MOPIP = 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-imidazo[4,5f][1,10] phenanthroline and p-CFPIP = 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-imidazo[4,5f][1,10] phenanthroline, were prepared and the interactions of these compounds with DNA oligomers 5'-G3(T2AG3)3-3'(HTG21) have been studied by UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, gel mobility shift assay, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stop assay and telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. The results show that both complexes can induce the stabilization of quadruplex DNA but complex 1 is a better G-quadruplex binder than complex 2. The two ruthenium complexes tested led to an inhibition of the enzyme telomerase and complex 1 was the significantly better inhibitor. A novel visual method has been developed for making a distinction between G-quadruplex DNA and double DNA by our Ru complexes binding hemin to form the hemin-G-quadruplex DNAzyme. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity studies showed complex 1 exhibited quite potent antitumor activities and the greatest inhibitory selectivity against cancer cell lines.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and spectroscopic characterization of new neutral and cationic (η-p-cymene)–ruthenium(II) complexes with phosphine–amide ligands

The dimeric starting material [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)(μ-Cl)Cl]₂ reacts with the phosphino-amides o-Ph₂P–C₆H₄CO–NH–R [R = ⁱPr (a), Ph (b), 4-MeC₆H₄ (c), 4-FC₆H₄ (d)] to give the mononuclear compounds 1a–d [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene)(o-Ph₂P–C₆H₄–CO–NH–R)]Cl. The subsequent reaction of these complexes with KPF₆ produced the cationic species 2a–d [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene)(o-Ph₂P–C₆H₄–CO–NH–R)][PF₆] in which phosphino-amides also act as rigid P,O-chelating ligands. The molecular structures of 2b–d were determined crystallographically. Amide deprotonation is achieved when complexes 2a–d were made react with 1 M aqueous solution of KOH, affording the corresponding neutral species 3a–d [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene)(o-Ph₂P–C₆H₄–CO–N–R)] in which a P,N-coordination mode is suggested.     

Synthesis and properties of conjugated bimetallic ruthenium complexes with σ,σ-bridging azobenzene chains

A versatile synthetic route to conjugated bimetallic ruthenium complexes with σ,σ-bridging azobenzene chains was developed, and new ruthenium complexes with various ligands were synthesized and characterized. These bimetallic complexes showed a remarkable absorption in the visible region (λ_max: 452-483 nm), and undergo trans-to-cis isomerization under UV light irradiation for short time. Electrochemical study showed that the metal centers in bimetallic complexes containing the CHCHC₆H₄NNC₆H₄CHCH bridge interact with each other.     

Planar chiral (η5-cyclohexadienyl)- and (η6-arene)-tricarbonylmanganese complexes: synthetic routes and application

Planar chiral arenetricarbonylchromium complexes have been intensively investigated and they have been applied as valuable building blocks for asymmetric synthesis and as ligands for asymmetric catalysis. In contrast, in the field of the isoelectronic cationic [(η(6)-arene)Mn(CO)(3)](+) complexes, until these last 10 years, very few studies were published involving nonracemic planar chiral cationic complexes and their potential applications, certainly because of the difficult access to enantiopure starting material. In 2009, however, the discovery of the first resolution of such compounds opened a new area for their application in the field of organic as well as of organometallic enantioselective syntheses. We felt it important to write a review on this subject to give an up-to-date summary of the methodologies used to prepare enantiomerically pure planar chiral neutral [(η(5)-cyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)(3)] and cationic [(η(6)-arene)Mn(CO)(3)](+) complexes as well as their potential in enantioselective synthesis.     

Synthesis,structure and redox properties of mixed ligand complexes of trivalent ruthenium with deprotonated 2-carbamoylpyridine derivatives and 2,2′-bipyridine

Five mixed ligand complexes of trivalent ruthenium with general formula [Ru(L)(bpy)Cl₂], where L=p-substituted N-phenyl derivatives of 2-carbamoylpyridine and bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, have been synthesised and characterised. X-ray crystal structural characterisation of a representative complex, i.e. where L=2-(N-(4-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl)pyridine, shows that the amide-containing ligand coordinates to the ruthenium(III) centre via the pyridyl nitrogen and the amidato nitrogen, forming a five-membered chelate ring. The complexes are paramagnetic (low spin d⁵, S=1/2) and show a single signal in their EPR spectra in 1:1 dichloromethane–toluene solution at 77 K. In dichloromethane solution, these complexes show intense ligand to metal charge transfer transitions in the visible region. All the complexes display two cyclic voltammetric responses, a ruthenium(III)–ruthenium(IV) oxidation in the range from +0.63 to +0.93 V and a ruthenium(III)–ruthenium(II) reduction in the range from −0.63 to −0.73 V(vs ferrocene–ferrocenium couple). The potentials of both couples for all the complexes are found to be sensitive to the nature of the substituents present on the amide ligands, L.     

Chiral arene ruthenium complexes: Part 3. [Ruthenium(η6-arene)(η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene)] complexes with N or O donor functions in the arene side chain

Arene ruthenium(0) complexes with carbonyl side chain functionalities like [Ru(η⁶-C₆H₅COR)(η⁴-COD)] or [Ru(η⁶-o-C₆H₄{R¹}COR)(η⁴-COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene; R=H, CH₃; R¹=H, CH₃, OCH₃) are easily accessible by replacing the naphthalene ligand of [Ru(η⁶-naphthalene)(η⁴-COD)] (1) through an arene exchange reaction. These carbonyl species are susceptible to standard organic reactions of the carbonyl function, thus allowing the introduction of dangling side chains bearing highly polar functions like hydroxyl or amino groups. Aldol reaction of [Ru(o-C₆H₄{CH₃}COCH₃)(COD)] (3) with (−)-menthylchloroformate in the presence of LDA (LDA=lithium diisopropylamide) leads to a diastereomeric mixture of [Ru(menthyl-{3-oxo-3-η⁶-o-tolyl}propionate)(COD)] (10). However, treatment of 3 with LDA and o-tolylaldehyde or benzaldehyde affords the unexpected products [Ru(1-η⁶-o-tolyl-3-o-tolylpropan-1-one)(COD)] (11) and [Ru(1-η⁶-o-tolyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one)(COD)] (12). A diastereoselective addition (88% de) of deprotonated menthylacetate to [Ru(o-tolylaldehyde)(COD)] (4) results in the formation of [Ru(menthyl 3-η⁶-o-tolyl-3-hydroxypropionate)(COD)] (13). Racemic planar-chiral aldehyde complexes 2 and 4 react with amines giving the imination products in good yield. In case of reaction between 2 and (R)-N-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-pyrrolidine (RAMP), diastereomeric [Ru(N-[[η⁶-(2-methylphenyl]methylene]-(R)-2-(methoxymethyl)-1-pyrrolidinamine)(COD)] (17) is formed. The diastereomers (R,R)-17 and (S,R)-17 have been separated by fractional crystallisation. Asymmetric arene ruthenium complexes with a defined planar-chiral configuration are thus accessible. Reduction of [Ru(3-η⁶-phenyl-(R)-methylbutyrate)(COD)] (7) with LiAlH₄ yields the chiral γ-alcohol [Ru(3-η⁶-phenyl-(R)-1-butanol)(COD)] (18). A Wittig olefination converts the aldehyde complex 4 into a mixture of E- and Z-isomeric [Ru(1-η⁶-o-tolyl-2-phenylethylene)(COD)] 21a and 21b, which were separated again by fractional crystallisation.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal properties of N,N′-di(diethoxythiophosphoryl)-1,4-phenylenediamine

The title compound N,N′-di(diethoxythiophosphoryl)-1,4-phenyl-enediamine was synthesized by the reaction of diethoxythiophosphoryl chloride with p-phenylenediamine and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and ¹H NMR spectra. Its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and the thermal property was studied by TG analysis. The relative molecular weight of the title compound is 412.42. The crystal structure belongs to the orthorhombic, Pbca space group, with a = 0.86936(16) nm, b = 1.2787(2) nm, c = 1.8897(3) nm, β = 90°, V = 2.1006(7) nm³, Z = 8, Dc = 1.304 g/cm³, μ(Mo Kα) = 0.425 mm⁻¹, F(000) = 872, S = 1.052, the final R = 0.0628 and wR = 0.1860 for 1852 observed reflections with I>2σ(I). The X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that the crystal structure is centrosymmetric. The weak N-H⋯S intramolecular hydrogen bonds were observed to link the molecules into sheets. The TG analysis shows that the title compound has good thermal stability and char forming capability and its fire retardation for polyacrylonitrile reveals that the compound is an excellent intumescent fire retardant. __________ Translated from Acta Chimica Sinica, 2007, 65(18): 2034–2038 [译自: 化学学报]     

Synthesis,characterization, and reactivity of ruthenium(II) complexes containing η6-arene-η1-pyrazole ligands

New ruthenium(II) complexes containing η⁶-arene-η¹-pyrazole ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. In addition, the molecular structure of dichloro-3,5-dimethyl-1-(pentamethylbenzyl)-pyrazole–ruthenium(II), [Ru]L_3b, was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. These complexes were applied in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone by isopropanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The activities of the catalysts were monitored by NMR.     

Synthesis,characterization and redox properties of mono- and bis-β-diketonate ruthenium complexes

Complexes of the type [RuIII(L)Cl2(PPh3)2] and [RuII(L)2(PPh3)2] (HL=benzoylacetone or acetylacetone) have been synthesized by the reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with HL under various experimental conditions. The [RuIII(L)Cl2(PPh3)2] complexes are one-electron paramagnetic species and, in solution, they show intense LMCT transitions in the visible region together with weak ligand-field transitions at lower energies. The [RuII(L)2(PPh3)2] complexes are diamagnetic and their solutions show sharp 1H n.m.r. signals and also show intense MLCT transitions in the visible region. In MeCN solution, the [RuIII(L)Cl2(PPh3)2] complexes show a reversible RuIII-RuII reduction near –0.3V and an irreversible RuIII- RuIV oxidation near 1.2 V versus s.c.e. A reversible RuII-RuIII oxidation is displayed by the [RuII(L)2(PPh3)2] complexes in MeCN solution near 0.3 V versus s.c.e. followed by another reversible RuIII-RuIV oxidation near 1.1 V versus s.c.e. The [RuII(L)2(PPh3)2] complexes have been oxidized to the corresponding [RuIII(L)2(PPh3)2]+ analogues and isolated as ClO4– salts in the solid state. The oxidized complexes are one-electron paramagnetic. They are 1:1 electrolytes in solution and show intense LMCT transitions in the visible region along with weak ligand-field transitions at lower energies.     

Reactions of transition metal σ-acetylide complexes: IX. Preparation and properties of some cycloheptatrienylvinylidene complexes

Addition of [C₇H₇][PF₆] to iron, ruthenium or osmium alkynyl complexes has given eight cationic cycloheptatrienylvinylidene derivatives [M{C C(C₇H₇)R}(L)₂ (η-C₅H₅)][PF₆] (M = Fe, Ru or Os; R = Me, Pr, Ph or C₆F₅; L = PPh₃, L₂ = dppm or dppe; but not all combinations). With Fe(C₂Ph)(CO)₂(η-C₅H₅), only [Fe(CO)₂(thf)(η-C₅H₅)][PF₆] was obtained. Reactions of the new complexes are characterised by loss of the C₇H₇ group. The NMR spectra and FAB mass spectra are described in detail.     

Synthesis,characterization and antimicrobial activities of transition metal complexes of N,N -dialkyl- N′ -(2-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea derivatives

N,N-di-n-propyl-N′-(2-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea (HL¹) (1), N,N-diphenyl-N′-(2-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea (HL²) (2), and their Ni^II, Co^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, Pt^II, Cd^II and Pd^II complexes have been synthesized and characterized. HL¹ and its copper complex were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The ligands coordinate as bidentates yielding essentially neutral complexes of the type [ML₂]. The complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal activities and toxicity. All compounds showed antimicrobial activity, but antibacterial efficacy is greater than antifungal activity.     

Water-soluble arene ruthenium complexes containing pyridinethiolato ligands: Synthesis,molecular structure,redox properties and anticancer activity of the cations [(η6-arene)Ru(p-SC5H4NH)3]2+

The cationic complexes [(η⁶-arene)Ru(SC₅H₄NH)₃]²⁺, arene being C₆H₆ (1), MeC₆H₅ (2), p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me (3) or C₆Me₆ (4), have been synthesised from the reaction of 4-pyridinethiol with the corresponding precursor (η⁶-arene)₂Ru₂(μ₂-Cl)₂Cl₂ and isolated as the chloride salts. The single-crystal X-ray structure of [4](PF₆)₂ reveals three 4-pyridinethiol moieties coordinated to the ruthenium centre through the sulphur atom, with the hydrogen atom transferred from the sulphur to the nitrogen atom. The electrochemical study of 1–4 shows a clear correlation between the Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox potentials and the number of alkyl substituents at the arene ligand (E°′ (Ru^II/III): 1 > 2 > 3 > 4), whereas the cytotoxicity towards A2780 ovarian cancer cells follows the series 4 > 1 > 3 > 2, the hexamethylbenzene derivative 4 being the most cytotoxic one. The corresponding reaction of the ortho-isomer, 2-pyridinethiol, with (η⁶-C₆Me₆)₂Ru₂(μ₂-Cl)₂Cl₂ does not lead to the expected 2-pyridinethiolato analogue, but yields the neutral complex (η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru(η²-SC₅H₄N)(η¹-SC₅H₄N) (5). The analogous complex (η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru(η²-SC₉H₆N)-(η¹-SC₉H₆N) (6) is obtained from the similar reaction with 2-quinolinethiol.