Readily available unprotected amino aldehydes

We report a new class of bench-stable compounds that contain seemingly incompatible functional groups: an aldehyde and an unprotected secondary amine. The thermodynamic driving force to undergo condensation between these two functionalities is offset by a high barrier imposed on this process by the aziridine ring strain. The resulting amino aldehydes exist as dimers and in the solid state. They are stable to epimerization and contain two orthogonal reaction centers, namely, an amine/aziridine and an aldehyde. Their ability to act as linchpins has been evaluated in complex heterocycle synthesis. For instance, pentacyclic frameworks can be made in one simple operation using N-benzyltryptamine as the reaction partner. Construction of other molecular skeletons with minimal use of protecting group manipulations should be feasible.     

Synthesis of tetrahydrofuran aldehydes

Summary The acetals of furan aldehydes were hydrogenated in the liquid phase on Raney nickel to the corresponding acetals of tetrahydrofuran aldehydes, from which the tetrahydrofuran aldehydes were obtained by hydrolysis.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 357–359, February, 1965     

Synthesis of enantiopure alpha,alpha-disubstituted amino acids from the asymmetric Strecker reaction products of aldehydes

Treatment of the enolates of 4 generated from the asymmetric Strecker reaction products with alkyl halides or aldehydes provided the corresponding functionalized products with high diastereoselectivity. Deprotection of these products afforded the corresponding enantiopure alpha,alpha-dialkyl amino acids.     

Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted heteroaromatic aldehydes

Trifluoromethylation of furfural and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde trifluoroacetates with XeF₂ and CF₃COOH afforded 5-trifluoromethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde and 5-trifluoromethylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1623–1625, July, 2005.     

新型荧光试剂N-9-吖啶基氨基乙酸的合成及其光谱性质

新型荧光试剂N-9-吖啶基氨基乙酸的合成及其光谱性质     

Synthesis of diacylals of amino-substituted aldehydes

Russian Journal of General Chemistry -     

Synthesis of sterically hindered aromatic aldehydes

Formylation of mesitylene, durene, and m-xylene derivatives containing electron-donor and electron-acceptor substituents by dichloromethyl methyl ether was studied in the presence of TiCl₄. A series of functionally substituted sterically hindered benzaldehydes was prepared from the products of these reactions.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1609–1615, July, 1991.     

Organocatalyzed asymmetric α-hydroxyamination of α-branched aldehydes: asymmetric synthesis of optically active N-protected α,α-disubstituted amino aldehydes and amino alcohols

Enantioselective direct α-hydroxyamination and α-aminoxylation of α-branched aldehydes using a proline-derived tetrazole catalyst is described herein. α-Hydroxyamination adducts with up to 90% ee were obtained by the reaction of nitrosobenzene with unactivated α-branched aldehydes under mild reaction conditions.     

Synthesis of enamides from aldehydes and amides

A range of double unsaturated amides (15, 19, and 21), obtained by cross-coupling reactions was reacted with aldehydes to hemiaminals. Heating the hemiaminals in the presence of Ac₂O and pyridine affected clean conversion to the corresponding enamides, such as 42, 45, and 47. Alternatively, N,S-acetals were prepared which were oxidized to the sulfones. Treatment with base also gave the enamides, favoring the cis-isomer. However, this method is less general. Application of these methods led to the natural products lansiumamide-A (30_cis), lansiumamide-I (31) and lansiumamide-B (32).     

Synthesis of 1,3-dioxanes from furan aldehydes

Six new cyclic acetals have been synthesized by the reaction of furfural and its 5-methyl, 5-bromo, 5-chloro, and 5-nitro derivatives and furyl-acrolein with 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane. Their UV and IR spectra are given.     

Design of amino acid aldehydes as transition-state analogue inhibitors of arginase

Arginase is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-arginine to form l-ornithine and urea. Chiral L-amino acids bearing aldehyde side chains have been synthesized in which the electrophilic aldehyde C=O bond is isosteric with the C=N bond of L-arginine. This substitution is intended to facilitate nucleophilic attack by the metal-bridging hydroxide ion upon binding to the arginase active site. Syntheses of the amino acid aldehydes have been accomplished by reduction, oxidation, and Wittig-type reaction with a commercially available derivative of L-glutamic acid. Amino acid aldehydes exhibit inhibition in the micromolar range, and the X-ray crystal structure of arginase I complexed with one of these inhibitors, (S)-2-amino-7-oxoheptanoic acid, has been determined at 2.2 A resolution. In the enzyme-inhibitor complex, the inhibitor aldehyde moiety is hydrated to form the gem-diol: one hydroxyl group bridges the Mn(2+)(2) cluster and donates a hydrogen bond to D128, and the second hydroxyl group donates a hydrogen bond to E277. The binding mode of the neutral gem-diol may mimic the binding of the neutral tetrahedral intermediate and its flanking transition states in arginase catalysis.     

Synthesis of new chiral aliphatic amino diselenides and their application as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

[reaction: see text] A set of chiral aliphatic amino diselenides have been synthesized from readily available starting materials in a straightforward synthetic route via the ring-opening reaction of the parent aziridines. These ligands have been tested as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The influence of the alkyl group substituents on the stereoselectivity has been studied, and in the best case, an enantiomeric excess up to 99% could be obtained by using only 0.5 mol % of the chiral diselenide 3a.     

Synthesis of N-phosphoryl amino acids using bis(9-fluorenylmethyl)phosphite

Bis(9-fluorenylmethyl)phosphite (BFMP) was found to be an effective reagent for the N-phosphorylation of various amino acid methyl esters. BFMP was prepared from N,N-diisopropyl phosphoramidous dichloride in a one-pot two-step reaction and was obtained as a crystalline solid. N-Phosphorylation of the methyl esters of seven representative amino acids with BFMP was high-yielding and generally resulted in crystalline products. Complete deprotection of both the 9-fluorenylmethylphosphosphate esters and the amino acid methyl esters was accomplished concomitantly with LiOH to give N-phosphoryl amino acids.     

Chiral ferrocenyl amino alcohols for enantioselective additions of diethylzinc to aldehydes

Optically active ferrocenyl amino alcohols have been prepared from commercially available l-alaninol, l-leucinol and l-valinol. They have been utilized as chiral ligands in the catalytic addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The influence of the substituents on the stereogenic centers of the ligand has been studied. Enantioselectivities up to 95% have been obtained.     

Synthesis of acetals of di- and tricyclopropane aldehydes

Conclusions A method was proposed for the synthesis of the acetals of di- and tricyclopropane aldehydes.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2135–2138, September, 1977.