基于漫反射光谱的组织光学参数测量系统与方法研究

在体组织光学参数测量是生物医学光子学研究重点,不仅为人体成分无创检测、光学成像、光动力疗法等研究提供基础,并且可以快速获取人体光学参数变化,为临床诊断提供依据。研究了利用单一源探距离漫反射光谱在体测量光学参数的测量系统与反构方法。漫反射光谱测量系统由宽谱光源、高分辨光纤光谱仪及光纤探头组成,结构简单,测量方便,可准确快速测量样品漫反射光谱。在光纤探头几何形状基础上,研究了光纤收集及系统传递函数,在此基础上对反构算法进行了校正。光学参数反构算法中正向模型基于Monte Carlo以及神经网络方法,适用光学参数范围大,计算速度快;逆向算法采用主成分分析与非线性建模拟合相结合的方法,可抑制测量噪声影响。在测量系统及反构算法基础上,进行了组织仿体光学参数测量实验,结果表明,利用单一源探距离下漫反射谱,可以较为准确获取吸收系数以及约化散射系数,均方根误差分别达到4.58%以及7.92%。为保证系统测量准确性,测量波长范围应覆盖样品中所含吸收物质吸收峰范围。所研究的在体组织光学参数测量方法为人体成分无创检测及测量条件变化获取提供了基础。     

深度分辨漫反射测量光纤探头设计及特性

漫反射光谱人体成分检测研究中,光纤探头接收漫反射光子穿透深度及传输路径对检测效率及灵敏度影响较大,而传统的检测光纤探头无法实现对特定深度漫反射光子选择性接收。针对人体成分检测需要,提出了采用一定入射-接收角度及半球透镜耦合的漫反射测量光纤探头结构。在三层皮肤模型基础上,结合光纤探头形式改进Monte Carlo程序,计算光纤探头接收漫反射光子穿透深度,有效光子比例,有效信息载荷以及真皮层检测灵敏度。结果表明,设计的光纤探头可实现真皮层漫反射光子选择性接收,检测效率以及测量光谱受非目标层组织结构及光学参数影响较小,可有效提高人体成分无创检测灵敏度。     

基于扩散相关光谱的血流检测方法研究

组织血流信息在临床诊断和治疗中具有重要的作用,无创血流检测是医患双方的期望。研究采用了近红外扩散相关光谱方法对生物组织血流进行无创检测,理论分析了散射光斑强度的变化和被测组织中血细胞运动状态的函数关系,建立了检测组织血流的理论模型及检测系统。该系统通过求解组织表面散射光斑电场强度的时间自相关函数来推断组织中血细胞的运动状态,进行组织血流的定量分析。采用健康人体前臂袖带加压实验模型对该系统进行了验证,实验结果验证了该系统进行组织无创血流检测的可行性,同时也表明该系统可以提供从浅层到深层的组织血流变化信息。     

近红外光谱人体血液甘油三酯无创检测

为实现人体血液甘油三酯(TG)含量无创检测,应用近红外光谱技术(NIRS),对单体TG进行定量分析。通过离体实验优选检测波段(5 700～5 600和4 600～4 400 cm-1),优化设计检测探头,综合预处理方法等手段,对其中TG含量进行定标和预测。以期提升单体TG无创检测精度及稳定性。无创采集54组单体光谱数据,并对其中TG含量进行定标预测,经对比分析确定平滑滤波(SG)结合偏最小二乘方法(PLS)的定标模型稳健性最优,对预测集1,2样品最佳分析结果：预测标准偏差RMSEP分别为12和12.8 mg·dL-1,相对预测标准偏差RSD为16.25%和17.33%,预测精度理想,基本可用于单人TG的日常监测。鉴于SG-PLS模型在单体TG无创测量及日变化趋势预测方面的良好表现,NIRS分析技术将在TG无创检测与日常管理领域有更为广泛的应用前景。     

基于近红外光谱技术的人体血糖浓度无创检测系统的研制

开发了一种小型化人体血糖浓度无创检测系统,该系统可实现人体血糖浓度的快速、实时、无创检测,主要由嵌入式系统、夹具、光源系统和微型光栅光谱仪四部分组成。提出了一种光源稳压驱动电路方案,可满足多种光谱采集条件对光源的要求。同时提出了一种一体化夹具设计方案,不仅简化了系统的光学结构,而且提高了测量条件的可重复性。分别用小波去噪和核偏最小二乘法对采集的光谱数据进行预处理和数学建模,并对系统进行性能评价,血糖浓度预测值与标准值的相关系数为0.95,预测均方根误差为0.6mmol.L-1,系统的重复性较好。     

接触压力作用下皮肤形变对于漫反射光谱测量影响研究

人体成分无创光谱检测过程中,测量条件特别是探头压力造成的组织形变在一定程度上影响光谱测量结果。利用物理模型与仿真方法,定量分析了探头接触压力作用下皮肤组织应变,及光学参数与漫反射光谱变化。首先,在多层皮肤组织物理复合模型基础上,结合生物组织固液两相组成特性,定量分析了压力作用下各层皮肤组织形变大小以及成分变化。该模型将皮肤力学模型简化为固态弹性结构及包含于其中的牛顿流体,利用有限元方法,分别模拟不同压力作用下多层皮肤组织应变大小及时间特性,并根据各层组织体积及水含量变化,定量计算其散射系数及吸收系数改变。然后,利用Monte Carlo方法模拟压力作用前后光在组织中传输过程,定量分析了探头压力对漫反射光谱中所包含人体成分检测有效信息的影响。实验结果表明,在光纤探头接触压力作用下,人体皮肤组织中真皮层厚度变小,自由水体积减小,引起散射特性及光子传输路径改变,使得漫反射光谱中所包含的有效光谱信息下降。该研究结果为优化人体漫反射光谱测量策略,提高测量准确性以及重复性提供了参考。     

用于血糖无创检测的喇曼光谱系统

以铊掺杂自聚焦透镜作为光谱采集透镜,设计了一种小型可穿戴式光谱采集探头,在此基础上搭建了一种小型可穿戴式血糖喇曼光谱检测系统.利用该系统对不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液、11只实验白鼠以及10位人体志愿者进行测试.以光谱特征峰面积作为主要计算参考,以峰强度作为辅助参考进行光谱定量分析.针对不同样本分别建立基于主导因子的非线性多变量偏最小二乘模型以计算葡萄糖水平.计算结果表明葡萄糖溶液、实验白鼠以及人体的准确度分别为98.1%、89.3%和84.4%,测试准确性得到提高.该检测系统具有体积小、成本低、喇曼信号采集稳定、使用方便等优点,能够准确实现人体血糖的无创检测并具有较好的可重复性.     

基于CompactRIO的四旋翼飞控实时仿真平台设计

针对四旋翼无人机实时飞行控制系统的控制算法设计与参数整定,设计了一种基于CompactRIO的飞行控制系统实时仿真平台,该平台使用两台CompactRIO作为主控制器,分别在其嵌入式实时系统(VxWorks)中运行Simulink设计的无人机动力学模型与飞行控制系统模型,并使用LabVIEW开发PC上位机监控程序,用于调整飞行状态和整定控制参数。经试验证明,该平台实用性强,可视化程度高,实时性好,能较好地对四旋翼飞控系统进行实时仿真验证。     

基于物联网技术的人体云健康监护及预警系统

针对传统医疗监护系统存在导联线过多,用户活动受限,预警、就医指导不足等问题。设计了基于基于物联网技术的人体云健康监护及预警系统,该系统以智能手机为预警显示平台,并结合穿戴式测技术和无线通信技术能有效实现多项生理参数的无创采集、移动传输、智能处理以及语音智能控制、预警等功能。实验表明该系统具有操作简单,可扩展性强、使用效果优等特点,为肢体残障者疾病预警提供了技术支撑,为个人、家庭、社区监护和远程医疗创造了条件。     

应用于嵌入式图形处理器的实时目标检测方法

提出了一种应用于嵌入式图形处理器(GPU)的实时目标检测算法。针对嵌入式平台计算单元较少、处理速度较慢的现状,提出了一种基于YOLO-V3(You Only Look Once-Version 3)架构的改进的轻量目标检测模型,对汽车目标进行了离线训练,在嵌入式平台上部署训练好的模型,实现了在线检测。实验结果表明,在嵌入式平台上,所提方法对分辨率为640 pixel×480 pixel的视频图像的检测速度大于23 frame/s。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.