高温垂直Bridgman法生长Zn1-xMgxTe晶体

采用高温垂直Bridgman法,以ZnTe(5N)、Mg(5N)和Te(7N)为初始原料,在高温下成功生长出了尺寸为φ15mm×50 mm的Zn1-xMgxTe晶体.分别采用X射线衍射、紫外可见分光光度计和红外光谱仪研究了晶体的结构及光学性质,通过PL谱和化学腐蚀的方法分析了晶体的结晶质量.结果表明:所生长的晶体具有立方相结构,晶格常数为0.61585 nm,略大于ZnTe晶格常数,晶锭中质量最好部分的晶片红外和紫外透过率接近60;,室温下其禁带宽度约为2.37 eV.77 K温度下,PL谱中存在A和B两个主要的发光带,位错腐蚀坑密度在105 cm-2数量级.     

四方晶系晶体的Bridgman法生长的稳态数值模拟

本文对四方晶系晶体的Bridgman法生长进行了稳态数值模拟.当熔体的导热系数位于晶体横向导热系数和纵向导热系数中间的一小段时,将产生"W"形固液界面.通过比较,指出不同导热系数组合时晶体生长的难易.当熔体的导热系数位于晶体横向导热系数和纵向导热系数中间的一小段时,界面平坦,容易长出较好质量的晶体.对中、低级晶系的生长,晶体横向导热系数应大于纵向导热系数.     

Bridgman法生长TeO2晶体的缺陷分析

采用Bridgman法生长了二氧化碲(TeO2)晶体,运用光学显微镜、电子衍射光谱、化学腐蚀等方法分析了该方法生长TeO2晶体内部的缺陷.初步讨论了散射点、微裂纹、气泡和黑点、条纹以及腐蚀坑等微缺陷的形成机理.结果表明:晶体内部的散射点来自于原料中杂质,条纹主要是由于晶体内应力引起,晶体内的气泡和黑点和晶体生长的温度密切相关,并就如何减少这些微缺陷进行了初步探讨.     

AgGaSe2 晶体的改进Bridgman法生长

本文报导了一种AgGaSe2生长工艺,可有效地从熔体中排出非凝聚气相杂质,结合一项改进的坩埚镀碳技术,提高了生长优质AgGaSe2单晶的成品率.文中还给出了晶体样品的红外观测,红外透过光谱和光电流谱,以及可调谐TEA CO2激光倍频的实验结果.     

GdCOB晶体的坩埚下降法生长

本文报道了非线性光学晶体Ca4GdO(BO3)3(GdCOB)的垂直Bridgman法生长.已获得直径25mm的高质量单晶.生长界面处的纵向温度梯度维持在30～40℃/cm,生长速度0.2～0.8mm/h.GdCOB晶体为二维成核的层状生长机制,易出现(111)及(20)解理面.讨论了影响生长的因素.保证原料配比准确和混料充分,减小温度波动和测温误差等是成功生长GdCOB晶体的重要因素.     

泡生法生长大尺寸蓝宝石晶体的生长速率研究

采用晶体生长数值模拟软件CrysMAS对泡生法生长蓝宝石晶体过程的温场进行了研究,利用数值模拟结果来调节晶体生长实验的生长速率,成功的长出了质量为91.3 kg的高质量蓝宝石晶体,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比.结果表明:数值模拟结果能很好的反映出晶体在不同时刻的生长状态.晶体在生长初期应保持较低的生长速度,在等径生长阶段,晶体的最大生长速度应低于1002 g/h.     

运用数值模拟技术改进VGF法生长GaAs晶体

在VGF法生长GaAs晶体的过程中固液界面凹向晶体,很容易在坩埚圆锥面处生长多晶.本文采用专业晶体生长模拟软件CrysVUn对实验温场进行了计算机模拟并提出改进方案,把底加热器取消并在坩埚底部加入氦气冷源,底部结构类似于热交换法系统.这样改变热场结构,得到凸向熔体的固液界面.     

垂直Bridgman法生长Cd1-XMnxTe晶体的缺陷研究

本文采用垂直布里奇曼(Bridgman)法生长了尺寸为Φ30 mm×130mm的Cd1-xMnxTe晶体,利用Nakagawa腐蚀液显示了晶体的位错、Te夹杂相和孪晶缺陷,并采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪研究了晶体的红外透过率与晶体缺陷之间的关系.结果表明:生长态Cd1-xMnxTe晶体的位错密度为104～105 cm-2,Te夹杂相密度为103～104cm-2,晶体中的孪晶主要为共格孪晶,孪晶面为[111]面,且平行于晶体生长方向.在入射光波数4000～500 cm-1范围,晶体的红外透过率为36.7;～55.3;,红外透过率越大,表明晶体的位错和Te夹杂相密度越低,晶体对该波长范围的红外光表现为晶格吸收和自由载流子吸收.     

泡生法大尺寸蓝宝石晶体的生长速率对固液界面的影响

采用有限元法,对泡生法生长蓝宝石晶体不同生长阶段固液界面的形状和温度梯度进行模拟计算,探讨分析了生长速率对放肩、等径阶段蓝宝石生长的影响.结果表明:固液界面凸出度在放肩阶段较大,在等径阶段凸出度相对较小,固液界面温度梯度随着晶体生长不断减小.在合理速率范围内,放肩阶段0～2 mm/h,速率对固液界面的影响很小,等径阶段2～5 mm/h,速率对固液界面的影响越来越大,固液界面温度梯度和形变均随速率的增大而减小.利用模拟结果,调节实际晶体生长工艺参数,成功长出80 kg的大尺寸高质量蓝宝石晶体.     

泡生法生长蓝宝石晶体中固液界面形状的数值模拟研究

在泡生法蓝宝石单晶生长中,固液界面形状对晶体生长质量影响极大.本文针对泡生法蓝宝石晶体生长进行数值模拟,研究了晶体半透明性、放肩角、底部钼屏保温层厚度、加热器侧部和底部功率分配比等对固液界面形状的影响.模拟结果发现:不考虑蓝宝石晶体的半透明性,则固液界面凹向熔体生长,反之则固液界面凸向熔体生长;放肩角增大、底部钼屏保温层增厚,都造成固液界面凸度减小;加热器侧部与底部的功率比增大,则固液界面凸度增大.实际的固液界面形状取决于多种参数的综合作用.     

Heat and Momentum Transfer Numerical Analysis in a Vertical Bridgman Growth System

In this work the momentum and heat transfer on a Bridgman system for the growth of GaSb has been studied. The main objective was to obtain some information about the role of the different processes like conduction, radiation and convective effects both in the melted material and the surrounding environment. These simulations are based on a 2D axi‐symmetrical model using a finite element method based code. The simulations have been carried out both in steady and transient states. It has been demonstrated that the consideration of a moving environment is important in the distribution of temperatures. The effects of the variations of thermal conductivities and emisivities on the thermal and velocity fields have been investigated. The results show that the key parameters are the thermal conductivities of the different materials present in the system, which produce significant changes in the convective flows inside the melt.     

Chemical Segregation in Vertical Bridgman Growth of GaInSb Alloys

A set of experiments on the solidification of Ga _1-x In _x Sb alloys with a large variation of the sample diameter (from 1mm to 10mm), of the growth rate (from 0.7 to 7 μm/s) and of the concentration (from x=0.01 to x= 0.1) is described. The associated radial and longitudinal segregation of the In have been analysed by SIMS or electron microprobe. Numerical simulation of the experiments, taking into account thermal, hydrodynamic and chemical behaviour has been carried out with the help of FIDAP. It is shown from these numerical results that a plateau of concentration can be reached even if a convective loop is present close to the interface, provided that the convection does not extend into the bulk of the liquid. This is in full agreement with the experimental results obtained. Supporting this analysis, in some experiments, a defect in term of verticality of the crucible led to complex 3-D convection involving the whole liquid, and in that case no plateau was obtained. For the radial segregation ΔC_R, three regimes of transport are found, characterised by the convective level: - A diffusive one, with a low, constant, ΔC_R related to the interface curvature. - A quasi-diffusive one (weak convection) in which ΔC_R increases with convection. - A convective one in which it decreases. Measured radial segregations are in good agreement with predictions from the numerical simulations.     

籽晶垂直布里奇曼法生长大尺寸CdZnTe单晶体

采用改进的垂直布里奇曼(MVB)法并引入籽晶生长技术,成功生长出直径60mm,单晶体积超过200cm3的CdZeTe(CZT)晶锭.根据CZT 晶片在近红外(NIR)波段的透过谱,由截止波长推算Zn组分在晶片中的平均含量,进一步的拟合得出晶体生长过程Zn沿晶锭轴向分凝因数约为1.30;分析了晶片在中红外波段内的红外透过率,发现波数在2000～4000cm-1内透过率平直且较高,超过60;,而从2000cm-1到500cm-1随波数的减小透过率急速下降至零;由钝化后的Au/CZT晶片的I-V曲线,计算得到生长态CZT晶片的电阻率ρ达到1.8×109～2.6×1010Ω·cm.     

Optimization of control parameters of cadmium zinc telluride Bridgman single crystal growth

The temperature gradient within a furnace chamber and the crucible pull rate are the key control parameters for cadmium zinc telluride Bridgman single crystal growth. Their effects on the heat and mass transfer in front of the solid‐liquid interface and the solute segregation in the grown crystal were investigated with numerical modeling. With an increase of the temperature gradient, the convection intensity in the melt in front of the solid‐liquid interface increases almost proportionally to the temperature gradient. The interface concavity decreases rapidly at faster crucible pull rates, while it increases at slow pull rates. Moreover, the solute concentration gradient in the melt in front of the solid‐liquid interface decreases significantly, as does the radial solute segregation in the grown crystal. In general, a decrease of the pull rate leads to a strong decrease of the concavity of the solid‐liquid interface and of the radial solute segregation in the grown crystal, while the axial solute segregation in the grown crystal increases slightly. A combination of a low crucible pull rate with a medium temperature gradient within the furnace chamber will make the radial solute segregation of the grown crystal vanish. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)