Sorption and Diffusion in Molecular Sieve Zeolites

Recent information concerning the kinetics and equilibria of sorption of various classes of molecule in four representative types of molecular sieve (4A/5A, 13X, natural erionite and H-chabazite) is reviewed. The general relationships between the crystal structure of the sieve, the molecular properties of the adsorbate (particularly the critical diameter and polar nature of the molecule) and the sorption/diffusion behaviour are emphasized.     

On the Rotational Intergrowth of Hierarchical FAU/EMT Zeolites

A structural study of a hierarchical zeolite X, which is similar to the one first synthesized by Inayat et al., 12 was performed using transmission electron microscopy imaging and diffraction. Evidence is provided, by comparison to simulations, that this material is an intergrowth of FAU and EMT and a conceptual model is presented for the growth of the FAU material with a small fraction of EMT in an atypical morphology of assembled sheets with well‐defined intersection angles.     

An Encapsulation of the Rare Earth Complex in Modified Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM-41

Rare earth (RE) organic complexes usually exhibit intense narrow band emission via anenergy transfer from the ligands to the central rare earth ions under UV excitation.Although RE complexes especially for the complex with 6-diketone, have strongluminescence, their photostability and thermal stability are not very good enough for thephosphor. Therefore, the key problem related to rare earth complex is to try to find asuitable matrix material to load them. Inorganic solid matrixes are promisi…     

Cu-ZSM-5型分子筛的合成与结构表征

近年来，杂原子ZSM-5分子筛合成研究发展极为迅速，许多原子例如B、Ge、Fe等取代铝或佳而进入了分子筛骨架[1-4]．特别是1986年Guth等人间报导在弱酸性体系氟离子存在下合成分子筛，为杂原子沸石分子筛的合成开辟了一条新途径．在碱性体系下，Ione等人[6,7]报导过含铜ZSM-5的合成，但铜是否进入分子筛骨架，尚未给出确切的说明．在微酸性介质中合成Cu－ZSM-5还未见报导．本文在弱酸性介质氟离子存在下，应技合成出氨型Cu-ZSM-5分子筛，并运用XRD、IR、SEM、XPS等方法证明了铜进入了分子筛骨架．1实验1．1试剂白炭．t（SIO。，…     

Quantum Chemistry Study of Microstructure of Molecular Sieve of APO-5 Type

Four-membered and six-membered rings were chosen as substructure units to simulate molecular sieve of APO-5 type. The stability of various orderings of AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra in micros tracture of the APO-5 type was studied by using CNDO/2 method.By means of analysing energies of systems, frontier orbitals, charges and bond orders in detail, Loewenstein's empirical rule is explained theoretically.     

不同金属离子交换的FAU型分子筛的超极化129Xe NMR研究

采用连续流动的激光诱导超极化129Xe为探针分子,利用高分辨固体核磁共振技术研究了不同电子结构的金属阳离子(Na+,Ag+Cu2+,Cu+,Cs+)交换的FAU型分子筛与超极化129Xe之间的相互作用.结果表明,超极化129Xe能够很灵敏地检测不同电子结构的金属离子对限阈空间中电场梯度的影响.Na+对超笼内电场梯度的影响很小,NaX与NaY分子筛中Xe的化学位移表现出相似的行为.对于具有nd10电子结构的Ag+或Cu2+经自还原生成的Cu+,其与Xe的5d0轨道形成dπ-dπ键,导致Xe的化学位移明显向商场方向位移.Cuπ由于具有一定的顺磁性,使得129Xe NMR谱展宽,甚至无法观测.Cs+的电子结构与Xe原子相同,它能吸附更多的Xe原子导致Xe的化学化移明显向低场方向偏移.     

含氮FAU分子筛的制备、表征及碱催化反应性能

利用脱水氮化法制备了含氮HY分子筛,氮化后分子筛的结晶度和比表面积均得到较好保持.由于氮原子的电负性低于氧原子,氮原子取代氧原子进入HY分子筛的骨架,使其Lewis碱性得到增强.利用氨气吸附红外光谱、二氧化碳吸附红外光谱与二氧化碳程序升温脱附方法对氮化前后的分子筛进行表征.结果表明氮化后HY分子筛的L酸中心数量有所降低,B酸中心数量有所增加,同时生成新的碱性中心.由于新碱性中心的引入,含氮HY分子筛在Knoevenagel缩合碱性探针反应中表现出优异的活性.     

含硼Tz-01型分子筛的合成及其酸性研究

由Na₂O-Al₂O₃-H₃BO₃-SiO₂-酒石酸-H₂O体系合成B-Si-AlTz-01型分子筛,得到了反应混合物的三元晶化区域图。用程序升温脱附方法研究了分子筛的酸性。     

Forming and Gathering of SnO2 Nanoparticles on External Surface of High Silica TON, MFI and FAU Type Zeolites

Tin dioxide （SnO2） nano-particles were prepared on high silica TON, MFI and FAU type zeolites by impregnation of SnC12 solution and subsequent calcination at 873 K. XRD and SAED were used to characterize the crystalline phase, and TEM was used to characterize the morphology, the particle size and the agglomerative state of the formed nano-materials. The nano-particles, which possess 8 nm, 10-80 nm and 6 nm in size, were found to form on the outer surface of TON, MFI and FAU zeolites, respectively. SnO2 microcapsules and SnOz netlike nanostructure were obtained by decomposition of SnO2-TON and SnO2-MFI in 40% hydrofluoric acid at room temperature. Compared with the nano-particles formed on NaY zeolite, the special morphology and the agglomerative state of SnO2 nanostructures on TON and MFI type zeolites with one and two dimension channel system indicate that the heterogeneous framework, surface structure and property perform important function for forming and growing SnO2 nanostructure on the outer surface of the zeolites.     

The Influence of the Synthesis Temperature on Cobalt Phthalocyanine Encapsulation in Zeolite Y

Several characterization techniques were applied to study the effect of the synthesis temperature on the physicochemical properties of cobalt phthalocyanine incoporated into zeolite Y. The cobalt phthalocyanine was synthesized in the supercages of zeolite Y by the template synthesis method at two different temperatures of 200 and300 °C and characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy, pore volume analysis, unit cell dimension calculation, UV-vis spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the catalyst synthesizedat 200 °C contains 11 wt.% cobalt phthalocyanine and almost all of thiscomplex is encapsulated in the supercages as monomeric species. At higher temperature aconsiderable amount of the cobalt phthalocyanine is hosted in the mesopores and/or on theexternal surface of the zeolite as aggregates. The migration of one part of the cobalt cationsfrom the supercages to the small cages at 300 °C decreases the formation of thenon-aggregated encapsulated phthalocyanine molecules in the zeolite supercages. Theaggregated cobalt phthalocyanine formed at the surface corresponds to the -polymorph stateof the phthalocyanine.     

NiZSM-5沸石上金属镍的分散性

金属的催化活性不仅取决于该金属的价态分布,电子结构,而且强烈地依赖于金属的分散性。载Ni沸石体系,由于金属离子的难还原性和还原金属粒子的流动性,在制备过程中不可避免会引起粒子的迁移,聚集,并形成大晶粒,甚至导致金属的双分散系。迄今为止,关于金属粒子的聚集或大晶粒的形成尚无一致看法。     

ZSM—11型Zr—Si分子筛的合成研究

分别以硅溶胶为硅源、氧氯化锆为锆源、四丁基溴化铵的模板剂,采用水热晶化法合成了ZSM-11型的锆硅分子筛。用XRD和SEM等表征了分子筛的结构;考察了硅锆比、晶体温度、碱度、晶化时间、模板剂的用量等对分子筛形成过程的影响。结果表明,ZSM-11型的锆硅分子筛的形成受很多因素的影响,一般晶化温度为120-140℃、硅锆比高于20、碱度控制在4.7左右有利于分子筛晶体的生成,晶化时间一般为约48h,SEM照片显示所合成的Zr-ZSM-11分子筛为结晶完好的棒状晶体;EDX证实了Zr原子在分子筛中的存在。     

硅沸石完美骨架上的吸附Ⅰ.乙胺/FAU型沸石相互作用

采用核磁、红外、XRD研究了FAU硅沸石与吸附的乙胺之间的相互作用,XRD谱显示乙胺的吸入导致沸石晶胞收缩、对称性改变,立方变四方.29Si MAS NMR上,FAU硅沸石的单峰分裂成四重峰,同时骨架的红外吸收峰移向低频.这些结果表明,FAU骨架与吸附的乙胺之间存在着强烈的相互作用.     

Eu(TTA)_3/MCM-41介孔复合体的溶胶凝胶法组装

利用溶胶 凝胶法将稀土配合物Eu(TTA) 3 组装到MCM 41介孔分子筛的孔道中 ,并初步认定客体分子Eu(TTA) 3 是以加合物形式包裹于表面活性剂胶束中。该法制得的介孔复合体Eu(TTA) 3/MCM 41,用XRD、HRTEM技术证实具有短程有序的、规整的六方介孔结构和大小分布均匀的纳米晶粒。对其光致发光和荧光寿命的研究发现 :与乙醇溶液中相比 ,Eu3 的荧光寿命没有发生改变 ,但Stokes位移却明显增大 ;复合体中 ,能量是从主体MCM 41传递到客体Eu(TTA) 3 上。     

A Molecular Dynamics Study of Nickel Crystallization at Strong Supercoolings

The homogeneous crystallization of liquid nickel models containing 2048 particles in the basic cube was studied by molecular dynamics. The potential of the embedded atom method was used. The models were constructed under zero pressure or constant volume conditions. The state of the structure was evaluated from the number of atoms with the coordination number 12. The concentration of such atoms in the stable and metastable liquids increased as the temperature decreased. At the selected potential of the embedded atom model, the equilibrium crystallization temperature at zero pressure was 1415 K. The existence of the lower boundary of liquid nickel supercooling was established. The liquid crystallized under isothermal conditions by the cluster mechanism with the formation of a predominantly closely packed structure below 850 K at zero pressure and below 1075 K at a constant volume (6.588 cm³/mol). The mechanism of nucleation was different from that accepted in classic nucleation theory. Nucleation was accompanied by an increase in the number of atoms with the coordination number 12, the formation of bound groups (12-clusters) from these atoms, and the growth of these groups, as with the crystallization of rubidium under strong supercooling conditions and coagulation of impurities from supersaturated solutions. At the initial stage, bound groups had a very loose structure and contained a large number of atoms with coordination numbers other than 12; the linear size of the largest group rapidly approximated the basic cube size. These atoms played a leading role in crystallization and activated the transfer of atoms in bound groups having different coordination numbers into the coordination state corresponding to a closely packed lattice. An important role in the formation of 12-clusters of the threshold (critical) size played cluster size fluctuations, which were especially strong close to the lower boundary of liquid supercooling.     

C4烃在FAU、BEA、LTL型分子筛中吸附的蒙特卡罗研究

应用蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟方法研究了1,3-丁二烯、1-丁烯、正丁烷三种C4烃在FAU、BEA、LTL三种分子筛中的吸附行为. 模拟分别得到了298 K时这些C4烃的纯组分在分子筛中的吸附等温线、吸附质分布和吸附热. 结果表明, 在饱和吸附状态下这些C4烃在FAU分子筛中的吸附量最大, 在BEA分子筛中的吸附量居中, 在LTL分子筛中的吸附量最少. 对于同一种分子筛来说, 正丁烷在其中的等量吸附热最大, 1-丁烯居中, 1,3-丁二烯最小. 对于同一种C4烃来说, 它在LTL分子筛中的吸附热与在BEA分子筛中的吸附热相近, 并且高于在FAU分子筛中的吸附热. 还模拟了543 K、2.0 MPa时这些C4烃的三元混合组分在分子筛中的吸附, 发现正丁烷的吸附量占的比例最大, 1-丁烯居中, 1,3-丁二烯最少.     

甲胺与MFI、FAU 及FER型高硅沸石的相互作用

The adsorption of methylamine on highly siliceous MFI, FAU and FER-type zeolites was investigated withXRD, FT-IR, Raman, ^13C and ^29Si MAS NMR, and compared with the adsorption of methanol. As the adsorption of the amine, the relative intensity of XRD peaks of the zeolites has been changed significantly, the high-resolution ^29Si MAS NMR peaks have been broadened and shifted to low field, and the resonance of Si-OH groups has appeared. The vibration of N-H has been shifted to low frequency and C-N vibration moved to high frequency in the IR spectra, and the ^13C resonance peak broadened and shifted to high field for the adsorbed amine. The facts reveal an associating interaction between the perfect framework of the zeolites and the adsorbed methylamine with hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of Si-OH groups and the high desorption temperature of the methylamine from the zeolites.     

SAPO-5分子筛的晶化过程研究

采用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、扫描电子显微镜和固体核磁共振波谱等方法对SAPO-5分子筛的晶化过程进行了研究.结果表明, SAPO-5分子筛的生成遵循液相晶化机理.在晶化前期首先生成一种具有较为规整形貌的无定形磷酸铝(记为Am),晶化温度大于200℃后开始出现SAPO-5,同时无定形物质Am的量也明显增加,随后Am逐渐溶解并贡献于SAPO-5的生长;硅原子在晶化初期直接参与晶化进入SAPO-5分子筛骨架,随着晶化时间延长,分子筛晶体中硅含量逐渐增加; SAPO-5骨架仅能容纳少量的Si(4Al)物种,在样品含有较低硅含量时骨架中即出现硅岛. XPS分析进一步揭示SAPO-5分子筛存在表面富硅现象,硅在晶体中从核到壳含量递增.研究结果也表明,分子筛的拓扑结构和硅源选择影响晶体表面富硅程度.     

分子筛催化剂表征的研究

本文采用原子吸收光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、元素分析等方法分别对分子筛催化剂在催化裂化反应前后进行了表征。探讨了催化剂失活的原因，以及活化后与新鲜、失活催化剂的差别。