高中学生化学学业评价的研究与实践

从新课程实施的需要阐述了高中学生化学学业评价的研究与实践的缘起,基于将理性主义的实证性教育评价与自然主义的定性教育评价相结合,充分体现“人本”和“多元”的评价理念,构建了“一理念五要素二功能”高中学生学业评价模型,再根据其基本思想,编制出了“南京市鼓楼区高中化学模块学生学业评价表”并用于实践。本研究促进了评价的准确性、科学性和有效性;更新了教师教学理念,提高了高中化学教学质量,同时也促进了教师的专业化发展。     

高中化学“学生实验”教学现状与对策

通过对高中化学"学生实验"教学现状的分析,分别从高中化学"学生实验"的选定、设计和评价等方面制定了对策。     

化学教学设计能力评价量表的编制与应用研究

基于学科教学知识（PCK）编制化学教学设计能力评价量表，并对在职高中化学教师的教学设计能力进行评价，分析化学教师在教学设计中存在的问题，为提高在职高中化学教师教学设计能力提供有针对性的建议。研究表明：（1）高中化学教师在课程知识、学生知识及评价知识维度的项目上均处于未掌握等级；（2）高中化学教师在教学目标知识和教学策略知识维度的多个评价项目上处于基本掌握等级。     

高中化学选修模块教学的衔接策略

在研读课程标准和教学实践的基础上,对高中化学选修模块的衔接教学进行了深入探讨,系统归纳了必修与选修模块间的衔接框架图,分析了必修与选修、初高中、选修模块内和选修模块间等4条衔接线,提出了依据课程结构把握衔接脉络、依据教材内在逻辑设计教学和依据教学目标落实综合评价等全方位的衔接教学思路与策略。     

高中化学学业评价标准研制策略的探究

研制高中化学学业评价标准,可以从4步进行：研制学习目标,突出学生主体;研制评价目标,凸显核心素养;编制评价样例,弄清评价等级;命制评价样题,体现评价要求。     

高中化学实验教学中过程性评价多元化的实践与思考

在高中化学实验教学中尝试采用不同的过程性评价手段,探讨实验教学中过程性评价应用的意义,促进学生的学习观和教师的教学观的转变,促进学生化学科学素养的形成和发展。     

高中化学新课程的校本化实施

高中化学新课程的校本化实施是指在遵照高中化学课程标准前提下,学校根据自身性质、特点和条件,将国家层面上规划的高中化学课程转变为适合本校学生学习需要的实践过程。高中化学新课程的校本化实施的外部条件有:国家要完善高中化学课程标准的修订;地方政府和师范院校要加大对高中化学新课程校本化实施的扶持。其内部运作可以从教学目标的校本化、教学内容的校本化、教学方式的校本化、教学评价的校本化等方面入手。     

中学化学教学中探究能力评价的实践

高中化学课程标准把对科学探究的要求写进了内容标准中。因此,探究不再仅仅是一种课堂学习方式,而是所有学生必须掌握的课程内容。评价是教育教学的重要组成部分。评价改革一直是所有教育教学改革的重点和难点。通过对学生评价,教育工作者可以获得对教育工作的反馈,检查自己的教育质量,诊断学生学习中的问题,并据此改进教育工作。受教育者则从评价中了解自己受教育中的进步和不足,明确努力的方向,并从成功中获得激励。     

运用双向管理与双向评价提高实验技能与创新能力

我校通过多年的研究与实践,构建了高中化学学生实验课的“三段三步”式教学模式。运用师生双向管理（教师宏观管理、学生微观管理）和双向评价（教师指导评价、学生客观评价）手段,不仅提高了实验效果和实验技能,而且有效促进了学生自主实验、自主管理、自主评价的能力,同时促进了学生创造性思维的发展。     

温州地区高中化学必修模块学生作业负担情况调查分析

作业是课程资源的重要组成部分,为了解实施高中化学新课程后必修模块学生作业负担情况,对浙江省温州市区、县城和乡镇3类学校的高中学生进行了问卷调查和师生访谈,统计得出初步结论并进行差异性归因分析,提出解决高中化学新课程作业问题的对策。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。