The complete strategic classification for a cooperation–competition model in the WWW market

Wang and Wu [Physica A 339 (2004) 609–620] proposed a cooperation–competition model for the WWW market. Under the assumptions that the intrinsic growth rates and maximum fractions are equal, respectively, and that the interaction is symmetric, they provided the strategies for the small sites to win and the powerful site to be extinct. This paper gives the complete strategic classification for this model without any hypothesis.     

PageRank model of opinion formation on Ulam networks

We consider a PageRank model of opinion formation on Ulam networks, generated by the intermittency map and the typical Chirikov map. The Ulam networks generated by these maps have certain similarities with such scale-free networks as the World Wide Web (WWW), showing an algebraic decay of the PageRank probability. We find that the opinion formation process on Ulam networks has certain similarities but also distinct features comparing to the WWW. We attribute these distinctions to internal differences in network structure of the Ulam and WWW networks. We also analyze the process of opinion formation in the frame of generalized Sznajd model which protects opinion of small communities.     

Self-organized synchronization and voltage stability in networks of synchronous machines

The integration of renewable energy sources in the course of the energy transition is accompanied by grid decentralization and fluctuating power feed-in characteristics. This development raises novel challenges for power system stability and design. We investigate power system stability from the viewpoint of self-organized synchronization aspects. In this approach, the power grid is represented by a network of synchronous machines. We supplement the classical Kuramoto-like network model, which assumes constant voltages, with dynamical voltage equations, and thus obtain an extended model, that incorporates the coupled categories voltage stability and rotor angle synchronization. We compare disturbance scenarios in small systems simulated on the basis of both classical and extended model and we discuss resultant implications and possible applications to complex modern power grids.     

Micro-economic analysis of the physical constrained markets: game theory application to competitive electricity markets

Competition has been introduced in the electricity markets with the goal of reducing prices and improving efficiency. The basic idea which stays behind this choice is that, in competitive markets, a greater quantity of the good is exchanged at a lower price, leading to higher market efficiency. Electricity markets are pretty different from other commodities mainly due to the physical constraints related to the network structure that may impact the market performance. The network structure of the system on which the economic transactions need to be undertaken poses strict physical and operational constraints. Strategic interactions among producers that game the market with the objective of maximizing their producer surplus must be taken into account when modeling competitive electricity markets. The physical constraints, specific of the electricity markets, provide additional opportunity of gaming to the market players. Game theory provides a tool to model such a context. This paper discussed the application of game theory to physical constrained electricity markets with the goal of providing tools for assessing the market performance and pinpointing the critical network constraints that may impact the market efficiency. The basic models of game theory specifically designed to represent the electricity markets will be presented. IEEE30 bus test system of the constrained electricity market will be discussed to show the network impacts on the market performances in presence of strategic bidding behavior of the producers.     

Self-organized networks of competing boolean agents

A model of Boolean agents competing in a market is presented where each agent bases his action on information obtained from a small group of other agents. The agents play a competitive game that rewards those in the minority. After a long time interval, the poorest player's strategy is changed randomly, and the process is repeated. Eventually the network evolves to a stationary but intermittent state where random mutation of the worst strategy can change the behavior of the entire network, often causing a switch in the dynamics between attractors of vastly different lengths.     

Ab initio cluster model approach to the chemisorption of NH3 on Pt(111)

The chemisorption of NH₃ on Pt(111) has been studied using several Pt₁₀ clusters that model different adsorption sites of the Pt(111) surface. Ab initio methods have been used to obtain a theoretical estimate of several spectroscopic features that can be directly compared to experiment. The comparison includes the variation of the difference between the 3a₁ and 1e levels, the vibrational frequency shifts and the order of stability on different surface sites. Chemisorption at the on-top site is predicted to be favoured, the calculated interaction energy appears to be quite close to the experimental estimate, and it is suggested that NH₃ chemisorbs molecularly, in an N-down orientation, with an equilibrium geometry representing a small distortion from the gas-phase molecular geometry and no azimuthal preference, in good agreement with ESDIAD experiments. Constrained space orbital variation (CSOV) analysis of the interaction has also been performed using a Hartree–Fock wave function. This analysis shows that the leading bonding mechanisms are substrate polarisation and charge transfer from ammonia to the surface.     

Stability of the square-wave detonation in a model system

Using a set of model equations for reactive flow, we study the stability of a “square-wave” detonation, in which each particle of the fluid reacts instantaneously after an induction time which depends on how hard it was shocked. We obtain a differential-difference equation for the shock velocity, valid for small perturbations about the steady solution. This equation is of so-called “advanced” type, in which the velocity at a given time depends on both velocity and acceleration at an earlier time.     

Competitive cluster growth on networks: Complex dynamics and survival strategies

We extend the study of a model of competitive cluster growth in an active medium from a regular topology to a complex network topology; this is done by adding nonlocal connections with probability p to sites on a regular lattice, thus enabling one to interpolate between regularity and full randomness. The model on networks demonstrates high sensitivity to small changes in initial configurations, which we characterize using damage spreading. The main focus of this paper is, however, the devising of survival strategies through selective networking, to alter the fate of an arbitrarily chosen cluster: whether this be to revive a dying cluster to life, or to make a weak survivor into a stronger one. Although such goals are typically achieved by networking with relatively small clusters, our results suggest that it ought to be possible also to network successfully with peers and larger clusters. The main indication of this comes from the probability distributions of mass differences between survivors and their immediate neighbours, which show an interesting universality; they suggest strategies for winning against the odds.     

Stock Index Prediction Based on Time Series Decomposition and Hybrid Model

The stock index is an important indicator to measure stock market fluctuation, with a guiding role for investors’ decision-making, thus being the object of much research. However, the stock market is affected by uncertainty and volatility, making accurate prediction a challenging task. We propose a new stock index forecasting model based on time series decomposition and a hybrid model. Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) decomposes the stock index into a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) with different feature scales and trend term. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) method judges the stability of each IMFs and trend term. The Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model is used on stationary time series, and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model extracts abstract features of unstable time series. The predicted results of each time sequence are reconstructed to obtain the final predicted value. Experiments are conducted on four stock index time series, and the results show that the prediction of the proposed model is closer to the real value than that of seven reference models, and has a good quantitative investment reference value.     

混有协同自适应巡航控制车辆的异质交通流稳定性解析与基本图模型

针对传统车辆和协同自适应巡航控制(cooperative adaptive cruise control,CACC)车辆构成的异质交通流,研究其稳定性与基本图模型.应用实车测试验证的CACC模型和智能驾驶员模型(intelligent driver model)分别作为CACC车辆和传统车辆的跟驰模型,建立异质流稳定性解析框架,研究不同平衡态速度、不同CACC车辆比例时的异质流稳定性.推导异质流基本图模型,并进行数值仿真实验.研究结果表明,在传统车辆稳定的速度范围,异质流处于稳定状态.在传统车辆不稳定的速度范围,CACC车辆比例增加以及平衡态速度远离9.6—18.6 m/s速度范围,均能够改善异质流的不稳定性.通行能力随着CACC车辆比例的增加而提高.此外,CACC模型的期望车间时距越大,异质流稳定域越大,但通行能力降低.因此,恒定车间时距CACC控制策略下的期望车间时距取值应权衡异质流稳定域和通行能力两个方面的影响.     

Stability of incoherence in a population of coupled oscillators

We analyze a mean-field model of coupled oscillators with randomly distributed frequencies. This system is known to exhibit a transition to collective oscillations: for small coupling, the system is incoherent, with all the oscillators running at their natural frequencies, but when the coupling exceeds a certain threshold, the system spontaneously synchronizes. We obtain the first rigorous stability results for this model by linearizing the Fokker-Planck equation about the incoherent state. An unexpected result is that the system has pathological stability properties: the incoherent state is unstable above threshold, butneutrally stable below threshold. We also show that the system is singular in the sense that its stability properties are radically altered by infinitesimal noise.     

The onset of convection in a couple stress fluid saturated porous layer using a thermal non-equilibrium model

The stability of a couple stress fluid saturated horizontal porous layer heated from below and cooled from above when the fluid and solid phases are not in local thermal equilibrium is investigated. The Darcy model is used for the momentum equation and a two-field model is used for energy equation each representing the solid and fluid phases separately. The linear stability theory is employed to obtain the condition for the onset of convection. The effect of thermal non-equilibrium on the onset of convection is discussed. It is shown that the results of the thermal non-equilibrium Darcy model for the Newtonian fluid case can be recovered in the limit as couple stress parameter C→0. We also present asymptotic analysis for both small and large values of the inter phase heat transfer coefficient H. We found an excellent agreement between the exact solutions and asymptotic solutions when H is very small.     

A two-level complex network model and its application

This paper investigates the competitive relationship and rivalry of industrial markets, using Chinese household electrical appliance firms as a platform for the study. The common complex network models belong to one-level networks in layered classification, while this paper formulates and evaluates a new two-level network model, in which the first level is the whole unweighted-undirected network useful for macro-analyzing the industrial market structure while the second level is a local weighted-directed network capable of micro-analyzing the inter-firm rivalry in the market. It is believed that the relationship is determined by objective factors whereas the action is rather subjective, and the idea in this paper lies in that the objective relationship and the subjective action subjected to this relationship are being simultaneously considered but at deferent levels of the model which may be applicable to many real applications.     

针对WWW业务的光缓存优化设计

研究了异步光分组网中的输出光缓存问题，与以往不同的是在处理光分组到达时间间隔时采用Weibull分布，以便更有效地描述互联网中的WWW业务流量类型．通过建立基于Weibull分布的排队模型，得到了排队模型中的丢包率的解析式，并根据数值解得出了光缓存系统的丢包率、系统实际利用率、服务窗口利用率以及平均排队时间随光纤延时线单位缓存时间变化的关系曲线．研究结果表明：在不同的业务强度和缓存深度下选取恰当的单位缓存时间，可以优化光缓存系统的性能．     

Possible mechanism of non-monotone behavior of helix-coil transition temperature in two-component solvent

Within the frameworks of generalized model of polypeptide chain (GMPC) the concentrational behavior of helix-coil transition temperature of biopolymer in two-component solvent was observed on the simplest models. It is shown that if the solvent and the ligand interact with the biopolymer at different binding sites, and even if both components influence the helical state in the same way, the model allows one to obtain the non-monotone character of the melting temperature behavior of biopolymer depending on the ligand concentration. It is shown that changes in the regime of helical state stability is not always related with the competition of stabilizing and destabilizing interactions of blend components but can be the result of the cumulative effect of both components.     

Dynamics of a macroscopic model characterizing mutualism of search engines and web sites

We present a model to describe the mutualism relationship between search engines and web sites. In the model, search engines and web sites benefit from each other while the search engines are derived products of the web sites and cannot survive independently. Our goal is to show strategies for the search engines to survive in the internet market. From mathematical analysis of the model, we show that mutualism does not always result in survival. We show various conditions under which the search engines would tend to extinction, persist or grow explosively. Then by the conditions, we deduce a series of strategies for the search engines to survive in the internet market. We present conditions under which the initial number of consumers of the search engines has little contribution to their persistence, which is in agreement with the results in previous works. Furthermore, we show novel conditions under which the initial value plays an important role in the persistence of the search engines and deduce new strategies. We also give suggestions for the web sites to cooperate with the search engines in order to form a win–win situation.     

Diversity of social ties in scientific collaboration networks

Diversity is one of the important perspectives to characterize behaviors of individuals in social networks. It is intuitively believed that diversity of social ties accounts for competition advantage and idea innovation. However, quantitative evidences in a real large social network can be rarely found in the previous research. Thanks to the availability of scientific publication records on WWW; now we can construct a large scientific collaboration network, which provides us a chance to gain insight into the diversity of relationships in a real social network through statistical analysis. In this article, we dedicate our efforts to perform empirical analysis on a scientific collaboration network extracted from DBLP, an online bibliographic database in computer science, in a systematical way, finding the following: distributions of diversity indices tend to decay in an exponential or Gaussian way; diversity indices are not trivially correlated to existing vertex importance measures; authors of diverse social ties tend to connect to each other and these authors are generally more competitive than others.     

风扇/压气机数值稳定性模型

本文给出了一种用于预测轴流压气机旋转失速发生的数值稳定性模型,并描述了模型的理论基础以及求解模型方程的方法。模型的建立基于线性稳定性理论的基础之上,通过特征值的虚部来判断系统的稳定性。一种全局性方法被用于求解离散系统的所有特征值。离散的方法包括二阶精度的有限差分方法以及切比雪夫谱配置的方法。计算结果表明,用这两种方法均可以得到准确的特征值,但是收敛的速度有所不同。另外,将文中的分析与实验进行了比较,结果表明实验中的失速点可以用这种模型进行合理的预测。     

Renormalization group study of a three-dimensional lattice model with directional bonding

We consider a bcc lattice model in which each site is either vacant or occupied by a molecule. The molecules have four symmetrically arranged arms directed towards four of the eight nearest-neighbor sites. Two molecules form a bond if they have bonding arms pointing towards each other and along their line of centers. We introduce bonding energies as well as two-, three-, and four-molecule interactions. The model is studied using a real-space renormalization group method. The form of the pressure-temperature phase diagram is found to be very sensitive to small changes in the relative sizes of the energy parameters. Adjustment of these parameters allows us to obtain a phase diagram which resembles that of the ice-water-steam system. The nature of the transitions between the various ordered phases is examined and the critical exponents are obtained.     

Economic considerations of broad-band deployment

Broadband technology will have a huge impact on the future of telephony. Most local exchange carriers believe there will be one broadband network, which they control. In reality, there will be competition, or the threat of competitive entry, at all levels of the market. LECs must prepare for the changes that will accompany broadband. First and foremost, though, LECs should concentrate their efforts toward being price competitive. The prolongation of non-economic rate structures, particularly at the high-end of the market, is an open invitation for competitors to cream-skim.