Separation and Determination of Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine and Methylephedrine by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemiluminescence Detection

以PB - Eu化学修饰电极为工作电极,对乙烯基苄基三乙基氯化铵离子液体为拆分添加剂,首次米用毛细管电泳-电致化学发光法对麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱进行了分离和检测.考察了检测电位、分离缓冲液的种类和酸度、添加剂用量等条件对电泳分离效果及检测灵敏度的影响.在优化条件下,3种混合药物可在8 min内达到基线分离,甲基麻黄碱、麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的质量浓度分别在0.025～10、0.025～25、0.05～10mg/L范围内与其峰面积呈良好但斜率略不同的两区段型线性关系,总的线性响应范围可达3个数量级.以质量浓度均为1.00 mg/L的3种混合药物合成样品进行6次平行测试,其峰面积和迁移时间的RSD分别小于4.5％和0.95％.该方法成功用于商品麻黄碱类药物制剂及中药麻黄原药中3种生物碱含量的测定,加标回收率为101％～111％.     

高效液相色谱法测定麻黄浸膏粉中麻黄类生物碱

采用高效液相色谱法分离了麻黄浸膏粉中去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱等 5种主要麻黄类生物碱。所用分离柱为HIQSILC18,流动相为含少量 (体积分数为 0 .2 % )甲醇的 0 .0 2mol L磷酸二氢钠溶液 (用HCl和三乙胺调至pH 3.2 )。 5种麻黄类生物碱在 2 5min内得到了有效分离、峰型对称且尖锐。     

毛细管微乳液电动色谱和胶束电动色谱分离冰毒及其麻黄碱杂质的比较

通过毛细管微乳液电动色谱10 m in内同时分离了安非他明、甲基安非他明、4,5-亚甲基二氧基安非他明(MDA)和3-甲氧基-4,5-亚甲基二氧基安非他明(MDMA)4种苯丙胺类毒品及其麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、甲基伪麻黄碱、去甲麻黄碱等麻黄生物碱杂质。比较了毛细管微乳液电动色谱和丁醇改进的胶束电动色谱模式对分离的影响,发现正丁醇是影响分离的最主要因素。本方法具有很好的重复性和稳定性,可实现对冰毒及其麻黄生物碱杂质的快速分析和鉴定,相对保留时间和相对峰面积的RSD分别小于1.3%和5.0%,可用于冰毒的实际来源推断。     

电堆积柱上富集-高效毛细管电泳法测定药品中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量

应用电堆积柱上富集-高效毛细管电泳法测定了6种药品中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱含量。试验选择了以下分析条件:①检测波长205 nm;②内标物为间苯二酚;③运行液为pH9.2的40 mmol·L-1硼砂缓冲溶液;④分离电压20 kV;⑤进样时间10 s;⑥分离温度25℃。麻黄碱及伪麻黄碱质量浓度在1~400 mg·L-1之间与相应的相对峰面积值(即被测物与内标物的峰面积之比)呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.35 mg·L-1(麻黄碱)和0.29 mg·L-1(伪麻黄碱)。以2种药品作基体加入标准溶液做回收试验,测得平均回收率依次为101.1%及103.6%。     

毛细管电泳/发光二极管诱导荧光法测定麻黄中麻黄碱与伪麻黄碱含量

基于麻黄碱及伪麻黄碱衍生物的光谱及化学性质,设计并构建了毛细管电泳/发光二极管诱导荧光检测系统.对关键光学元件进行组合选择,以蓝光发光二极管为光源,BP 470和BP 530分别为光源滤光片和荧光滤光片,光电倍增管检测信号,并对电泳分离系统的缓冲溶液、分离电压等参数进行优化;以FITC为衍生试剂,10 mmol/L Na2B4O7+ 16 mmol/L SDS为缓冲溶液,12 kV电压下可实现麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的基线分离.在0.25～10 mg/L范围内,麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱标准溶液的质量浓度与荧光响应的峰高之间呈较好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99,其检出限分别为0.38 μg/L和0.29 μg/L,峰高的日内重复性(RSD)分别为2.0％和2.2％,日间重复性(RSD)分别为5.4％和5.1％.将该方法用于中药麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的测定,加标回收率分别为94％和107％.     

气相色谱-质谱测定保健食品中的麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱

麻黄为麻黄科植物,是一种传统中药,含苯烃基胺类生物碱,主要为麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和微量l-N-甲基麻黄碱、d-N-甲基伪麻黄碱、d-去甲伪麻黄碱等,用于治疗风寒感冒、胸闷喘咳、风水浮肿、支气管哮喘^[1]。同时它也有毒副作用,国际奥委会把它列为禁用药品,许多国家禁止其在食品、保健品中使用。测定麻黄碱的方法已有很多^[2-5],但具有各自     

毛细管电泳-方波安培法分离检测滴鼻液中的麻黄碱

在熔融石英毛细管 (75mm× 5 0cm )中 ,以 5mmol/LTris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷 ) +5mmol/LH3 BO3(pH =6 .5 )为电泳介质 ,采用毛细管电泳 方波安培检测法 ,实现了滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱的分离检测。探讨了缓冲溶液的种类、浓度、pH值、检测电位等因素对分离检测效果的影响。线性范围为 0 .8～ 2 0 2mg/L ,检出限为 0 .3mg/L ,回收率为 92 %～ 10 4 %。     

毛细管电泳-安培检测法用于7-甲基鸟苷与丝裂霉素C分离检测的研究

建立了一种同时分离检测7-甲基鸟苷与丝裂霉素C的毛细管电泳-安培检测方法。在950 mV电极(工作电极:0.3 mm微型石墨圆盘电极;参比电极:Ag/AgCl;辅助电极:Pt丝)电位下,于20 mmol/L的磷酸盐缓冲体系(pH 9.4)中,采用18 kV的分离电压进行分离。在最佳条件下,7-甲基鸟苷与丝裂霉素C在10 min内实现分离,7-甲基鸟苷与丝裂霉素C的线性范围均为0.50~50 mg/L,检测限分别为0.050 mg/L与0.025 mg/L。将该方法用于模拟尿样和模拟兔血清样的检测,7-甲基鸟苷与丝裂霉素C的回收率为93.0%～97.2%,结果令人满意。     

高效毛细管电泳分离/电导检测麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱

采用高效毛细管电泳电导检测法分离麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱，初步探讨了分离机理，建立了检测方法。以柠檬酸－柠檬酸钠为缓冲体系，铜盐为络合剂，在pH值为4．5、电压13.5kV的条件下，盐酸麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱得到了较好的分离，加入适量乙醇可改善峰形和分离效果。用该法以水杨酰胺为内标，对含盐酸麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的实际样品进行检测，回收率为97.3%-101.1%，结果令人满意。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时检测尿样中的麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-ESI MS/MS)联用方法,定量测定尿样中的麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱。样品经Oasis MCX柱提取、纯化和富集后,采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源电离,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式质谱进行定性和定量分析。麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱在0.0250~2.50 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数分别为0.9998和0.9992,提取回收率高于80%,提取效率的RSD小于5.0%,检出限均达到0.01 μg/L,可大大延长尿样检材中麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱的检测周期。结果表明,该方法快速、准确,为尿液中痕量麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱的分析提供了灵敏的分析方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定麻黄及其制剂中的麻黄类生物碱和川芎嗪

 用RP HPLC分离测定了麻黄及其制剂中的麻黄类生物碱及川芎嗪。采用色谱柱Nova Pak C18(15 0mm×3.9mmi.d .) ,二极管阵列检测器 (DAD)。测定麻黄类生物碱时 ,以甲醇 0 .0 2mol/LKH2 PO4 乙酸 三乙胺 (体积比为 4∶96∶0 .2∶0 .0 1)为流动相 ,在 2 10nm波长下检测 ;测定川芎嗪时 ,以甲醇 水 乙酸 (体积比为 35∶6 5∶0 .5 )为流动相 ,在 2 90nm波长下检测。分别测定了麻黄原药材、中成药 (小儿清肺丸、鹭鸶咳丸 )中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱和川芎嗪的含量。     

Rapid and ultrasensitive determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine derivatizated with 5-(4,6-dichloro-s-triazin-2-ylamino) fluorescein by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection

This paper presents a micellar electrokinetic chromatography method with laser-induced fluorescence detection to analyze ephedrine (E) and pseudoephedrine (PE) after derivatizated with 5-(4,6-dichloro-s-triazin-2-ylamino) fluorescein. The optimum derivatization conditions were: 0.05 M Na2CO(3/NaHCO3 (pH 9.5), reaction time 30 min at 45 degrees C, molar ratio of DTAF to E and PE mixture 20:1. The baseline separation was achieved within 8 min with running buffer composed of 20 mM borate+20 mM SDS+15% acetonitrile (v/v) (adjusted pH 9.8), and applied voltage of 20 kV. Good linearity relationships (correlation coefficients: 0.9906 for E and 0.9941 for PE) between the peak heights and concentration of the analytes were obtained (2.5-50 ngmL(-1)). The detection limits for E and PE were 3.85 x 10(-4) and 1.41 x 10(-4)ngmL(-1), respectively, which indicated that the proposed method surpassed other chromatographic alternatives in terms of limit of detection by at least 10(3) folds. The method was applied to the analysis of the two alkaloids in ephedra herb plants and its preparations with recoveries in the range of 89.6-107.0%.     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定黄芪及其制剂中的活性成分

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法(CE-ED)对中药黄芪的主要活性成分芦丁、阿魏酸、香草酸、绿原酸、槲皮素和咖啡酸进行了分离和测定。分别考察了工作电极电位、运行缓冲液的pH值和浓度、分离电压和进样时间等实验参数对实验结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,以直径300 μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为+0.95 V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),在10 mmol/L硼酸盐(pH 8.2)的运行缓冲溶液中,上述6种活性成分能在17 min内实现很好的基线分离,被测物浓度与峰电流在3个数量级范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)范围为78～110 μg/L。在不同的加标水平下,6种活性成分的平均回收率为96.0%～103.0%,相对标准偏差为1.9%～3.6%(n=3)。该方法样品处理简单,无需预富集,已应用于实际样品的分析,并获得了令人满意的结果。     

Determination of quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora flavescens and its preparation using capillary electrophoresis

A simple and accurate capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the determination of four quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora flavescens and Kuhuang injection. Optimum separation of the analytes was obtained on a 65 cm x 75 microm i.d. uncoated fused-silica capillary using a aqueous buffer system of 60 mmol L(-1) sodium borate at pH 8.5, with applied voltage and capillary temperature of 12 kV and 25 degrees C, respectively. Detection wavelength was set at 204 nm and jatrorrhizine was used as the internal standard. Good linear relationships between peak-area ratios and concentrations of the analytes were observed over the concentration range 0.044-0.792 mg mL(-1) for matrine, 0.142-1.926 mg mL(-1) for oxymatrine, 0.0377-0.3393 mg mL(-1) for sophocarpine and 0.0664-1.062 mg mL(-1) for sophoridine. The recoveries of four alkaloids ranged between 93.08 and 101.4% with relative standard deviations from 0.7 to 9.2% (n = 6) as determined by standard addition. The limits of detection for four alkaloids were determined to be over the range 8.8-48.0 microg mL(-1). Contents of four alkaloids in Sophora flavescens and three alkaloids in Kuhuang injection were successfully determined under the optimum conditions.     

In-capillary derivatization and analysis of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection

This paper describes an automatic rapid approach for in-capillary derivatization of ephedrine (E) and pseudoephedrine (PE) and subsequent sensitive determination of the derivatives by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection using 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) as fluorescent reagent. The unique feature of this method is the capillary being used as a small reaction chamber, in which the sample, derivatization buffer and reagent solutions were injected directly into the capillary by tandem mode, followed by an electrokinetic step (5 kV, 15s) to enhance the mixing efficiency of analytes and reagent plugs. Standing a specified time of 1 min for reaction, the derivatives were then immediately separated and determined. Several parameters for in-capillary derivatization and subsequent MEKC separation were systematically investigated. Under these optimized conditions, a baseline separation of the two analytes was achieved within 10 min and the derivatization concentration limits of detection were found to be 4.8 ng mL(-1) for E and 1.6 ng mL(-1) for PE, respectively. The method was validated in terms of precision, linearity, accuracy and successfully applied for the determination of the two alkaloids in ephedra herb and its preparations.     

非水介质毛细管电泳电化学检测日夜百服宁中的有效成分

用非水毛细管电泳电化学检测法分离检测了日夜百服宁中的有效成分，研究了电极电位，不同浓度的甲酰胺（FA），电解液浓度和酸度，电泳电压及进样时间对电泳分离的影响，得到了较为优化的测定条件。实验结果表明，在25mmol/L Tris-25mmol/L H3BO3(表观pH=8.5)运行介质中，日夜百服宁中的4种有效成分即扑热息痛（AP），盐酸伪麻黄碱（PH），氢溴酸右美沙芬（DM）和扑尔敏（CM）在12min内完全分离，检测电位为＋0．9V(vs.SCE)。线性范围分别为AP 0．5－200mg/L;PH 0.8-300mg/L;DM2.5-350mg/L;CM0.5-330mg/L；检测限分别为AP0.1mg/L;PH0.55mg/L;DM1mg/L;CM0.2mg/L。     

毛细管区带电泳法测定卷烟中的生物碱

在磷酸缓冲体系中采用毛细管区带电泳法测定卷烟中的生物碱时,检测灵敏度低,分离度差。考察了卷烟中生物碱的 提取条件,分离缓冲溶液的类型、pH值和浓度,卷烟中生物碱测定方法的线性范围、检出限、重现性和回收率。结果发 现,当采用410 mmol/L的酒石酸溶液（pH 2.8）为缓冲体系时,卷烟中生物碱的检测灵敏度和分离度均有明显改善,烟碱 的线性范围为0.06~0.80 mg/L（其他生物碱为0.006~0.10 mg/L）,检出限为0.002~0.01 mg/L,相对标准偏差为2.2%~10%,回收率为87.6%~102%。     

Simultaneous determination of methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine in human urine by CE with electrochemiluminescence detection and its application to pharmacokeinetics

A novel method for the determination of ephedra alkaloids (methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine) was developed by electrophoresis capillary (CE) separation and electrochemiluminesence detection (ECL). The use of ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, BMIMBF₄) improved the detection sensitivity markedly. The conditions for CE separation, ECL detection and effect of ionic liquid were investigated in detail. The two ephedra alkaloids with very similar structures were well separated and detected under the optimum conditions. The limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) in standard solution were 1.8 × 10^–8 mol/L for methylephedrine (ME) and 9.2 × 10^–9 mol/L for pseudoephedrine (PSE). The limits of quantitation (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 10) in human urine samples were 2.6 × 10^?7 mol/L for ME and 3.6 × 10^–7 mol/L for PSE. The recoveries of two alkaloids at three different concentration levels in human urine samples were between 81.7 and 105.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ME and PSE in human urine and the monitoring of pharmacokinetics for PSE. The proposed method has potential in therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效液相色谱法测定石蒜中加兰他敏、力可拉敏及石蒜碱3种生物碱

以石蒜鳞茎为材料,建立了石蒜生物碱的反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。探讨了流动相中乙腈含量、三乙胺含量、pH值、流速等对生物碱分离的影响,结果表明在ZORBAX ODS-C18(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm)反相色谱柱上,以0.9%三乙胺水溶液(pH 8.0)-乙腈-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,检测波长为234 nm时,石蒜样品可有效分离出14种石蒜生物碱,分离度良好。加兰他敏、力可拉敏和石蒜碱的检出限分别为3.375、0.475、0.495 mg/L,平均加标回收率均为98%。运用此法测定了石蒜不同部位中3种生物碱的含量,结果表明石蒜不同部位的3种生物碱含量差异较大,叶子中的含量最高;同一部位中,石蒜碱的含量最高,力可拉敏次之,加兰他敏最低。     

衍生化-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定粮食作物中三氯甲基吡啶及其代谢物残留

建立了粮食作物中三氯甲基吡啶及其代谢物6-氯吡啶甲酸的衍生化-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（GC-MS/MS）检测方法。选取高粱、小麦、玉米及爆谷等典型的粮食作物,采用酸性乙腈提取,以浓硫酸作为三氯甲基吡啶代谢物的衍生化试剂,优化了衍生化反应的最佳反应条件,并使用GC-MS/MS分析,以内标法对三氯甲基吡啶及其代谢物进行定量检测。结果表明,在0.025~0.4 mg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）均大于0.995,在3个不同添加水平下的平均回收率在80.4%~98.4%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.0%~10.1%之间。该方法操作简单、高效,灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,回收率和重复性良好,能够满足粮食作物中三氯甲基吡啶及其代谢产物残留量的检测要求。