核酸修饰电极研究进展

介绍了核酸修饰电极的制备及其特点，对核酸修饰电极用于ＮＡ的痕量分析，电化学ＤＮＡ传感器，ＮＡ与其它分子相互作用，以及ＮＡ的结构研究等方面的最新进展进行了评述。     

Tb^3＋,Eu^3＋r N,N‘,N“—1,3,5—三嗪—2,4,6—三—（N—羧甲基）—氨基…

合成了Ｔｂ＾３＋和Ｅｕ＾３＋的Ｎ，Ｎ’，Ｎ”－１，３，５－三嗪－２，４，５－三－（Ｎ－羧甲基）－氨基乙酸配合物，并用元素分析、热重－差热分析、紫外吸收光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱、磷光光谱等进行了表征。结果表明，该配体能够敏化Ｔｂ＾３＋的荧光，而不能敏化Ｅｕ＾３＋的荧光，根据配体磷光光谱对发光机理进行了讨论。     

正常新生儿神经行为与脐血铁含量关系的研究

采用鲍秀兰神经行为测定法（ＮＢＮＡ），在对６４例正常新生儿在出生７２小时内进行神经行为评分，同时测定脐血铁含量，并对ＮＢＮＡ评分与脐血铁含量之间的关系进行分析，研究发现，６４例新生儿ＮＢＮＡ评分值都在正常值范围内，脐血铁含量均值为４８２．４ｍｇ／Ｌ，脐血铁含量与ＮＢＮＡ得分高低有关。     

Tb~（3＋）、Eu~（3＋）的N，N’，N”－1，3，5，－三嗪－2，4，6

合成了Ｔｂ￣（３＋）和Ｅｕ￣（３＋）的Ｎ，Ｎ’，Ｎ＂－１，３，５－三嗪－２，４，６－三－（Ｎ－羧甲基）－氨基乙酸配合物，并用元素分析、热重－差热分析、紫外吸收光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱、磷光光谱等进行了表征。结果表明，该配体能够敏化Ｔｂ￣（３＋）的荧光，而不能敏化Ｅｕ￣（３＋）的荧光，根据配体磷光光谱对发光机理进行了讨论。     

硝酸镧与N，N－双（苯并三唑甲基）－［2，2］及N－三唑甲基－［2，2］配合物的合成、性质和结构

合成了Ｌａ（ＮＯ＿３）＿３与Ｎ，Ｎ－双（苯并三唑甲基）－［２，２］［Ｌ（Ｉ）］及Ｎ－三唑甲基－［２，２］［Ｌ（Ⅲ）］的配合物单晶，测定了结构，并进行了元素分析、红外光谱及热分析表征。Ｌａ￣（３＋）离子均与［２，２］环中六个杂原子及三个ＮＯ离子配位，稍偏离环平面，三个ＮＯ离子分别位于环平面的两侧。初步讨论了［２，２］环所连接支链对配合物结构及其热稳定性的影响。     

钯(Ⅱ)催化CO/乙烯交替共聚溶剂效应的研究

利用小釜实验考察了在多种新溶剂中钯（Ⅱ）催化ＣＯ／乙烯共聚制备聚酮高分子的反应，并利用高分辨核磁共振１Ｈ ＮＭＲ、１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ技术对在不同溶剂中制得产品的主链和端基进行了分析，实验结果表明除甲醇外，在丙酮、丙醛、Ｎ，Ｎ 二甲基甲酰胺、Ｎ，Ｎ 二甲基乙酰胺、冰乙酸、二甲基亚砜等溶剂中，钯（Ⅱ） 双膦催化剂仍具有较好的催化活性，尤其以冰乙酸为溶剂，在没有强酸阴离子存在的条件下，催化反应亦可顺利进行．实验结果同时表明适宜的溶剂除作为稀释剂外，还对中心金属钯（Ⅱ）具有适宜的稳定作用．产品端基分析结果表明在非醇类溶剂中共聚反应由乙烯插入Ｐｄ Ｈ键引发，在醇类溶剂中共聚反应主要由ＣＯ插入Ｐｄ ＯＲ键引发．     

钒（Ⅳ）与N，N，N＇，N″，N″─五苯并咪唑甲基二乙三胺多核配合物合成、ESR和生物活性

合成了两种新的Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ″，Ｎ″─五苯并咪唑甲基二乙三胺ＶＯ（Ⅱ）多核配合物并进行了元素分析、ＩＲ、ＵＶ─ｖｉｓ、ＥＳＲ等表征。求得了配合物的自旋Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ参数，两配合物中Ｖ（Ⅳ）的电子环境差别较大。体外抗癌活性和农药活性测定结果表明配合物具有一定生物活性。     

N，N＇－1，4－亚丁基双〔螺吲哚啉萘并噁嗪〕的合成

在无水乙醇中，１－亚硝基－２萘酚同Ｎ，Ｎ＇－１，４－亚丁基双［２，３，３－三甲基－３Ｈ－吲哚］溴化物反应制得Ｎ，Ｎ＇－亚丁基双［螺吲哚啉萘并嗪］，经ＩＲ，ＵＶ，￣１ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析确认了结构，并对其光致变色性能进行了初步的考察。     

N，N＇－二（2－羟基苄烯）－2－羟基苯甲基二胺及N，N＇－二（2－羟基苄基）－2－羟基苯甲基二胺与过渡金属配合物的合成和表征

在四氢呋喃中合成了Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱配体Ｎ，Ｎ＇－二（２－羟基苄烯）－２－羟基苯甲基二胺（ＳＢ）与二价过渡金属镍、铜、锌的三核或双核配合物；用钠汞齐还原ＳＢ得到了其氢化物Ｎ，Ｎ＇－二（２－羟基苄基）－２－羟基苯甲基二胺（ＨＳＢ），并在乙醇中合成了它与铜的双核配合物。对这些配合物进行了元素分析和热分析，并测定了电导、红外光谱和紫外光谱，确定了分子式，讨论了可能的配位结构。     

N,N‘—二（2—羟基苄烯）—2—羟基苯甲基二胺及N,N’—二（2—羟基…

在四氢呋喃中合成了Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱配体Ｎ，Ｎ＇－二（２－羟基苄烯）－２－羟基苯甲基二胺（ＳＢ）与二阶过渡金属镍、铜、锌的三核或双核配合物；用钠汞齐还原ＳＢ得到了其氢化物Ｎ，Ｎ＇－二（２－羟基苄基）－２－羟基苯甲基二胺（ＨＳＢ），并在乙醇中合成了经与铜的双核配合物。对这些配合物进行了元素分析和热分析，并测定了电导、红外光谱和紫外光谱，确定了分子式，讨论了可能的配位结构。     

Densities,speeds of sound,excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of mtbe with tetralin and decalin at 303.15 k

Measurements of densities, speeds of sound, excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether with tetralin and decalin are reported at 303.15?K over the entire range of composition. Excess volumes are measured using batch dilatometer technique. Sound speeds are obtained using ultrasonic interferometer. Densities are computed from excess volume data. Isentropic compressibilities are derived from density and sound speed data. Speeds of sound are evaluated on the basis of Jacobson's free length theory and Schaff's collision factor theory. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results. The viscosity data are analysed on the basis of corresponding states approach. Excess volumes and deviation in isentropic compressibilities are negative and deviation in viscosities are positive over the entire composition range. The experimental results are discussed in terms of possible molecular interactions between unlike molecules.     

Surface Reconstruction by a Coassembly Approach

Materials with switchable surfaces, capable of changing surface properties under external stimuli, are playing a pivotal role in many applications, such as tissue engineering, biosensors, and drug/protein delivery. In this research silica particles with patterned and switchable surfaces are fabricated. Surface micelles on silica particles are formed by coassembly of polymer brushes and “free” block copolymer chains in a selective solvent. The cores of the surface micelles are crosslinked by anthracene photodimerization. After quaternization of the coronae, amphiphilic surface micelles are prepared. The surface micelles are able to rearrange in different media. After treatment with an organic solvent, the surfaces of silica particles are occupied by hydrophobic polymer components; in aqueous solution, the positively charged polymer chains are on the surfaces. The switching of the surface micelles results in changes in surface composition and wetting behaviors.     

钼、钨系过氧化物在Sharpless烯烃环氧化反应中的应用*

钼、钨系过氧化物是非常重要的Sharpless烯烃环氧化催化剂,有着非常广泛的工业发展前景。本文综述了钼、钨系过氧化物的种类,结构,合成方法及催化活性,分析了各种钼、钨系过氧化物的特点以及在催化环氧化领域的发展现状。同时,本文还讨论了钼、钨系过氧化物催化烯烃环氧化反应的机理。评述了在催化环氧化领域中两种主要理论——Mimoun机理与Sharpless机理的争论焦点及发展现状,以及计算化学对两种理论中间过渡态的研究进展,并且重点分析了Sharpless机理的过渡态结构。此外,本文还综述了影响钼、钨系过氧化物催化剂反应活性的各种因素以及质子所产生的副反应。最后,本文对应用于催化环氧化领域的钼、钨系过氧化物未来的研究方向提出了建议。     

Inorganic electrides

Inorganic electrides are a novel kind of ionic compounds in which the anions are electrons confined in a complex array of cavities or channels and the cations are nanoscale arrays of alkali metal ions that provide charge balance. In electrides the donated electron behaves like a low-density correlated electron gas, whereby the dimensionality of the electron gas and its electronic and magnetic properties are determined by the topology of the cavities in the host matrix. Unlike traditional electrides, in which alkali cations are encapsulated within an organic cage, inorganic electrides are thermally stable. The current inorganic electrides based on alkali metal loaded zeolites can be designed as useful reduced-dimensionality materials. Inorganic electrides are powerful reducing agents, and they are able to reduce small aromatic molecules to the radical anions within the channels of the zeolite.     

Characterization of Defects in Glasses and Coatings on Glasses by Microanalytical Techniques

 The most relevant defects in glasses and thin films on glasses are categorized and investigated by the appropriate microanalytical techniques. Knots, which are local glassy inclusions, are described in greater detail. The combination of EPMA/EDX and LA-ICP-MS allow the determination of element concentrations in the defect down into the low ppm range, thus finally enabling the identification of a special source of the defect from otherwise non distinguishable refractories. The results of analysis of stones and striae are reported and defect sources are discussed. Local defects in thin films are characterized which can be explained by high intrinsic compressive stress in the films. Typical glass and thin film defects are used to illustrate the problem-solving process in industrial labs.     

Dielectrophoresis applications in biomedical field and future perspectives in biomedical technology

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a technique to manipulate trajectories of polarisable particles in nonuniform electric fields by utilizing unique dielectric properties. The manipulation of a cell using DEP has been demonstrated in various modes, thereby indicating potential applications in the biomedical field. In this review, recent DEP applications in the biomedical field are discussed. This review is intended to highlight research work that shows significant approach related to DEP application in biomedical field reported between 2016 and 2020. First, single-shell model and multiple-shell model of cells are introduced. Current device structures and recently introduced electrode patterns for DEP applications are discussed. Second, the biomedical uses of DEP in liquid biopsies, stem cell-based therapies, and diagnosis of infectious diseases due to bacteria and viruses are presented. Finally, the challenges in DEP research are discussed, and the reported solutions are explained. DEP's potential research directions are mentioned.     

大面积功率器件软钎料的焊接失效分析

针对大面积功率器件软钎料的失效问题,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了SnPb软钎料的微观结构并运用能谱仪对其进行成分分析,找出了失效的主要原因:对软钎料进行刚玉抛光后,未能将残留在软钎料内的Al2O3成分完全去除,以至于器件的可焊性变差.根据分析提出了改进意见,较好地解决了SnPb软钎料的失效问题.     

Contactless conductivity detection for microfluidics: designs and applications

Different methods for construction of contactless conductivity detectors (CCD) for microchip electrophoresis device are described in this review. This includes three main schemes of CCD for microchips, such as (i) the detection electrodes are placed along the microchannel from outside of the microchip and they are insulated from the channel by the cover lid of microchip device; (ii) the electrodes are placed across of the microchannel in the same plane and they are insulated by thin separation channel walls and (iii) electrodes are buried in widened part of microchannel and they are insulated from solution by ultrathin layer of silicon carbide. Specific issues related to the CCD on microfluidics are discussed, such as an influence of shape and magnitude of ac voltage and placement of electrodes and their insulation. Various applications for security, pharmacological, bioassays and food analysis purposes are described.     

Transport coefficients of air,argon-air,nitrogen-air,and oxygen-air plasmas

Calculated values of the viscosity, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of air and mixtures of air and argon, air and nitrogen, and air and oxygen at high temperatures are presented. In addition, combined ordinary, pressure, and thermal diffusion coefficients are given for the gas mixtures. The calculations, which assione local thermodynamic equilibrium, are performed for atmospheric pressure plasmas in the temperature range from 300 to 30,000 K. The results for air plasmas are compared with those of published theoretical and experimental studies. Significant discrepancies are found with the other theoretical studies; these are attributed to differences in the collision integrals used in calculating the transport coefficients. A number of the collision integrals used here are significantly more accurate than values used previously, resulting in more reliable values of the transport coefficients.     

Single versus poly-crystalline layered oxide cathode materials for solid-state battery applications - a short review article

The recent developments in the application of single-crystalline (SC) cathode materials in solid-state batteries are discussed in this mini-review. The characteristics of SC and poly-crystalline (PC) cathode materials are explored, with emphasis on the kinetic and mechanical properties. The critical factors influencing their performance in liquid electrolyte and solid-state battery cells are investigated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of both morphologies are discussed and considerations to ensure a fair comparison between SC and PC cathodes in different systems are raised.