A DFT study of cage compounds: 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12-hexanitro-3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.1.12,6.04,9] dodecane and its derivatives as high energetic materials

A new cage compound, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12-hexanitro-3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.1.1^2,6.0^4,9] dodecane (HNHATCD, I) as well as its –ONO₂ (II) and –N₃ (III) derivatives were proposed in the present work. Their molecular structures were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of density functional theory. Heat of formation, strain energy, detonation performance, and thermal stability were studied. Results show that the –N₃ group greatly increases the heat of formation, but decreases the strain energy and density, and it is much more helpful for enhancing the detonation energy than the –NO₂ and –ONO₂ groups. An analysis of bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the weakest bonds implies that the BDE of –N₃ derivatives is the smallest but it is still larger than 120 kJ mol^?1, revealing that these designed compounds have a high thermal stability. Considering the detonation performance and thermal stability, I and II may be potential candidates of high energy density materials.     

Conformations of the 10-membered Ring in 5, 10-Secosteroids. II. (E)-3α-Acetoxy-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholesten-5-one and (E)-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholestene-3, 5-dione

(E)-3α-Acetoxy-5, 10-seco-1(10)-cholesten-5-one ( 3 ) was synthesized by fragmentation of 3α-acetoxy-5α-cholestan-5-ol ( 1 ) using the photochemical version [3] of the lead tetraacetate reaction [4], and transformed into the corresponding 3-oxo-compound ( 5 ). Two conformations ( A and B ) were deduced for the 10-membered ring of 3 by analysis of the ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. spectra in toluene. The major conformation ( A ) corresponds to that found in the solid state by X-ray analysis. According to its NMR. spectra in toluene, the medium-sized ring of the diketone 5 exists also predominantly in two conformations, the major one being analogous to A (the solid-state conformation of the 3β-acetoxy isomer ( 9 ) [1]) and the minor one to A (see above). The stereochemistry of the acidcatalyzed and thermal cyclisations of 3 as well as of the corresponding 5-oxime is discussed in terms of conformational factors.     

Phase equilibrium in the system Na5P3O10-Na8La2(PO3)8O3

The phase diagram Na₈La₂(PO₃)₈O₃-Na₅P₃O₁₀, which comprises part of the ternary system La₂O₃-Na₂O-P₂O₅, was constructed in the laboratory. The oxyphosphate Na₈La₂(PO₃)₈O₃ crystallizes in the orthorombic system; the lattice parameters are as follows a=8.96(4)Å, b=9.35(8)Å, c=12.29(7)Å.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Phasendiagramm Na₈La₂(PO₃)₈O₃ - Na₅P₃O₁₀, welches einen Teil des ternären Systemes La₂O₃ - Na₂O - P₂O₅ enthält, konstruiert. Das Oxyphosphat Na₈La₂(PO₃)₈O₃ kristallisiert rhombisch mit folgenden Gitterkonstanten: a=8.96(4)Å, b=9.35(8)Å, c=12.29(7)Å.

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The author thanks Mrs. E. Dlugoszewska for technical assistance.     

Lithium insertion compounds of LiFe5O8, Li2FeMn3O8, and Li2ZnMn3O8

Lithium insertion reactions of the lithium spinels Fe[Li_0.5Fe_1.5]O₄, Li_0.5Zn_0.5[Li_0.5Mn_1.5]O₄ and Li [Fe_0.5Mn_1.5]O₄ by n-butyl lithium or electrochemically yield Li_2.5Fe_2.5O₄, Li₂Zn_0.5Mn_1.5O₄, and Li₂ Fe_0.5Mn_1.5O₄, respectively. It is shown that the [B₂]O₄ framework of the A[B₂]O₄ spinel structure remains intact upon lithium insertion, and provides a three-dimensional interstitial pathway for Li⁺ ion diffusion. Lithium insertion is completely reversible in the normal lithium spinel LiFe_0.5Mn_1.5O₄; delithiation of Li_2.5Fe_2.5O₄ results in Li_1.5Fe_2.5O₄ and none of the inserted lithium may be removed from the mixed lithium spinel Li₂Zn_0.5Mn_1.5O₄. Physicochemical properties including electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and Mössbauer spectra of the hosts and their lithiated analogs are discussed.     

Nucleophilicity of Alkyl Zirconocene and Titanocene Precatalysts,and Kinetics of Activation by Carbenium Ions and by B(C6F5)3

Kinetics of activation of methyl and benzyl metallocene precatalysts by benzhydrylium ions, tritylium ions, and triarylborane B(C₆F₅)₃ were measured spectrophotometrically. The rate constants correlate linearly with the electrophilicity parameter E of the benzhydrylium and tritylium ions employed, allowing us to determine the σ‐nucleophilicities of the metal–carbon bond of several zirconocenes and titanocenes. Bridging, substitution, metal, and ligand effects on the rates of metal–alkyl bond cleavage (M=Zr, Ti) were studied and structure–reactivity correlations were used to predict the kinetics of generation of metallocenium ions pairs, which are active catalysts in polymerization reactions and are highly electrophilic Lewis acids in frustrated Lewis pair catalysis.     

Conformations of the Ten-membered Ring in 5, 10-Secosteroids. III: (Z)-3β- and (Z)-3α-Hydroxy-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholesten-5-one Esters and (Z)-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-Cholestene-3, 5-dione

(Z)-3β-Acetoxy- and (Z)-3 α-acetoxy-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholesten-5-one ( 6a ) and ( 7a ) were synthesized by fragmentation of 3β-acetoxy-5α-cholestan-5-ol ( 1 ) and 3α-acetoxy-5β-cholestan-5-ol ( 2 ), respectively, using in both cases the hypoiodite reaction (the lead tetraacetate/iodine version). The 3β-acetate 6a was further transformed, via the 3β-alcohol 6d to the corresponding (Z)-3β-p-bromobenzoate ester 6b and to (Z)-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholestene-3, 5-dione ( 8 ) (also obtainable from the 3α-acetate 7a ). The ¹H-and ¹³C-NMR. spectra showed that the (Z)-unsaturated 10-membered ring in all three compounds ( 6a , 7a and 8 ) exists in toluene, in only one conformation of type C ₁, the same as that of the (Z)-3β-p-bromobenzoate 6b in the solid state found by X-ray analysis. The unfavourable relative spatial factors (interdistance and mutual orientation) of the active centres in conformations of type C ₁ are responsible for the absence of intramolecular cyclizations in the (Z)-ketoesters 6 and 7 ( a and c ).     

葡萄酒中10种多酚类物质的高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道高分辨质谱测定方法研究

利用高分辨质谱的定性鉴别能力,建立了葡萄酒中10种多酚类物质含量的高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道高分辨质谱(HPLC-QE HRMS)分析方法。样品经酸化后乙酸乙酯提取,ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,全扫描和目标离子二级扫描定性,外标法定量。10种多酚类物质的定量下限为0.000 5~0.002 5 mg/L,加标回收率为82.0%~109.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

微波辐射下4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基)苯基-3,3,6,6-四甲基-1,8-二氧代1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-十氢吖啶的合成和晶体结构

标题化合物C24H29NO4?1/2C2H5OH稨2O)由香兰素、5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮、醋酸铵在微波辐射下干反应并经95%乙醇重结晶而得C24H29NO4穀2(C2H5OH稨2O)晶体。结构通过单晶X-射线衍射法确定,其晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P21/n, a = 9.810(2), b = 14.516(3), c = 17.008(3) ? b = 101.03(2), V = 2377.2(8) ?, Z = 4, Mr = 427.52, Dc = 1.195 g/cm3 , m(MoKa) = 0.082 mm-1, F(000) = 920。晶体结构用直接法解出,经全矩阵最小二乘法对原子参数进行修正,最终的偏离因子为R = 0.0406, wR = 0.0892。X-射线衍射分析结果表明,吡啶环和与之稠合的2个六员环均为信封式构象。     

2, 3-二氯-5-取代-5, 8-二氢-8-氧-吡啶并[2, 3-b)吡嗪-7-羧酸乙酯的合成

3, 5, 6-哌嗪三酮-2-甲酰胺(5)经与PCl5-POCl3反应制得3, 5, 6-三氯-2-氰基吡嗪(6)。6经转化为甲酯(7)再水解为3, 5, 6-三氯-2-吡嗪甲酸(8)。由8出发合成了两个2, 3-二氯-5-取代-5, 8-二氢-8-氧-吡啶并[2, 3-b]吡嗪-7-羧酸乙酯(11a~b)。其中5, 7~11均为新化合物, 其组成和结构经元素分析、IR、^1H NMR、MS证实。     

Mass spectrometry of 10-chloro-5, 10-dihydrophenarsazine (adamsite) and 10-methyl-5, 10-dihydrophenarsazine

The mass spectrograms of 10-chloro- and 10-methyl-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine have been determined. These spectrograms show the following main characteristics of fragmentation behavior for these heterocycles: (a) a relative stability, in both compounds, of the arsenic atom within the heterocyclic framework; (b) an exceptionally facile splitting of the As-Cl bond, contrasting with the behavior of the As-CH₃ bond; and (c) an easy formation of the phenarsazine species from 10-chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine.     

Investigation of solution‐grown,chain‐folded lamellar crystals of the even‐even nylons: 6 6, 8 6, 8 8, 10 6, 10 8, 10 10, 12 6, 12 8, 12 10, and 12 12

Chain‐folded lamellar crystals of the ten even‐even nylons: 6 6, 8 6, 8 8, 10 6, 10 8, 10 10, 12 6, 12 8, 12 10, and 12 12 have been grown from solution and their morphologies and structures studied using transmission electron microscopy, both imaging and diffraction. Sedimented mats were examined using X‐ray diffraction. The solution‐grown crystals are lath‐shaped lamellae and diffraction from these crystals, at room temperature, reveals that three crystalline forms are present in differing ratios. The crystals are composed of chain‐folded, hydrogen‐bonded sheets, the linear hydrogen bonds within which generate a progressive shear of the chains (p‐sheets). The sheets are found to stack in two different ways. Some p‐sheets stack with a progressive shear, to form the “α_p structure”; others sheets stack with an alternate stagger, to form the “β_p structure”. Both the α_p and β_p structures give two strong diffraction signals at spacings of 0.44 nm and 0.37 nm; these signals represent a projected intrasheet interchain distance (actual value 0.48 nm) and the intersheet spacing, respectively. Preparations of nylons 6 6, 8 6, 8 8, 12 6, and 12 8 consisted almost entirely of α_p‐structure material, with only a trace of β_p‐structure material being present. In contrast, nylons 10 6, 10 8, 10 10, 12 10, and 12 12 contained substantial quantities of both α_p‐ and β_p‐structure material, with α_p‐structure material always being in the majority. Preparations of nylons 10 8, 12 10, and 12 12 also showed an additional diffraction signal at 0.42 nm; this signal is characteristic of the pseudohexagonal (high temperature) structure. The melting temperature of solution‐grown lamellae of these even‐even nylons decreases with decreasing linear amide density. On heating, the strong diffraction signals (0.44 nm and 0.37 nm) gradually moved together and merge at the Brill temperature to form a single diffraction signal (0.42 nm), characteristic of the pseudohexagonal structure. This single diffraction signal remained until melting. For nylons 6 6, 8 6, 8 8, 10 6, and 12 6, the Brill temperatures were substantially below the respective melting temperatures and the single 0.42 nm diffraction signal was stable over temperature ranges of 14 °C to 56 °C, depending on the nylon. Conversely, nylons 10 8, 10 10, 12 8, 12 10, and 12 12 had coincident melting and extrapolated Brill temperatures. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1209–1221, 2000     

Ni5, Ni8, and Ni10 clusters with 2,6-diacetylpyridine-dioxime as a ligand

In the present work, novel coordination possibilities for the system dapdoH(2)/Ni(II) (dapdoH(2) = 2,6-diacetylpyridine-dioxime) have been explored. Depending on the starting reagents and solution conditions, several clusters with nuclearities ranging from Ni(5) to Ni(10) were achieved and structurally characterized, namely, [Ni(5)(R-COO)(2)(dapdo)(2)(dapdoH)(2)(N(CN)(2))(2)(MeOH)(2)] in which R-COO(-) = benzoate (1) or 3-chlorobenzoate (2), [Ni(8)(dapdo)(4)(NO(3))(4)(OH)(4)(MeOH)(4)] (3), and [Ni(10)(dapdo)(8)(N(CN)(2))(2)(MeO)(MeOH)](NO(3)) (4). For the first time, pentadentate coordination for the dapdo(2-) ligand has been established. All compounds show a combination of square-planar and octahedrally coordinated nickel atoms. According to the Ni(2)(sp)Ni(3)(Oh) (1 and 2), Ni(4)(sp)Ni(4)(Oh) (3), and Ni(4)(sp)Ni(6)(Oh) (4) environments, these systems magnetically behave as trimer, tetramer, and hexanuclear clusters, respectively. dc magnetic measurements in the 2-300 K range of temperature reveal antiferromagnetic coupling for all compounds, and the correlation of the superexchange interaction with the torsion angles involving the oximato bridges is experimentally confirmed.     

4-氨基-N8,N10-二碳杂-N5-取代四氢叶酸类似物的合成及生物活性研究

以2,4-二氨基-6-羟甲基吡啶并[3,2-d]嘧啶为原料,与对甲酰基苯甲酰谷氨酸二乙酯发生Wittig反应构建叶酸类似物的骨架结构,还原吡啶环得到4-氨基-8,10-二碳杂四氢叶酸类似物,在N5位取代不同基团得到四个新的4-氨基-N8,N10-二碳杂四氢叶酸类化合物,经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS对化合物的结构进行了表征.初步生物活性结果表明,此类化合物对人重组胸苷酸合成酶的抑制作用与N5位取代基有关,2个化合物在0.1 μmol·L-1的浓度下对HL-60白血病细胞的抑制率达到60％以上.     

Channel structures based on octahedral frameworks: The crystal structure of TlTi5Se8, TlV5Se8, and TlCr5Se8 and its relationships to TlCr3S5, hollandites,and psilomelane

Tlti₅Se₈, TlV₅Se₈, and TlCr₅Se₈ are monoclinic, space group $\text{C2}\text{m}\text{, Z = 2}$, TlV₅S₈ type with lattice parameters $\text{a = 18.773(2), b = 3.5834(1), c = 9.1065(7)}\text{A}\text{̊}\text{, β = 104.13(1)}{}^{\mathrm{°}}\text{(}\text{TlTi}{}_5\text{Se}{}_8\text{)}$$\text{a = 18.354(1), b = 3.4656(1), c = 8.9036(3)}\text{A}\text{̊}\text{, β = 104.03(1)}{}^{\mathrm{°}}\text{(}\text{TlV}{}_5\text{Se}{}_8\text{)}$$\text{a = 18.699(1), b = 3.5942(1), c = 8.9418(9)}\text{A}\text{̊}\text{, β = 104.70(1)}{}^{\mathrm{°}}\text{(}\text{TCr}{}_5\text{Se}{}_8\text{)}$A unified scheme is developed for the TlV₅S₈, TlCr₃S₅, hollandite, and psilomelane structures on the basis of ideal close packing.