獐牙菜中6种金属元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法分析

样品经干燥粉碎,以硝酸-高氯酸混合液进行消化处理后,用火焰原子吸收光谱法首次分析了滇獐牙菜(S.yunnanensis)、川东獐牙菜(S.davidii)中的Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn,加标回收率在91.17%—104.5%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.7%,该法简单、快速、准确,结果令人满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药川东獐牙菜中的八种微量元素

用火焰原子吸收光谱法对川东獐牙菜中K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn和Cu八种微量元素进行了分析测定。结果显示,用HNO₃-HClO₄(5∶1)混酸作消化液处理样品,精密度和回收率较好。在选定的实验条件下,川东獐牙菜各元素间相互不干扰,可在一份样品液中进行八种元素的分别测定。川东獐牙菜中含有较丰富的K,Ca和Na, 以及Mg和Zn,其含量K＞Ca＞Mg＞Na＞Zn＞Fe＞Cu＞Mn。方法的检出限均小于0.097 μg·mL-1,RSD≤2.34%(n=8),加标回收率89.32%～106.65%。     

藏药川西獐牙菜及其不同提取物的红外光谱分析

利用红外光谱三级鉴定方法对藏药川西獐牙菜及其不同溶液提取物进行分析研究。选择川西獐牙菜中含量相对较高的药用成分龙胆苦苷作为不同溶液提取物的对照成分进行红外光谱和二阶导数光谱的分析;同时对不同浓度乙醇提取物进行二维相关光谱分析。结果显示,龙胆苦苷红外光谱中1 611和1 075cm-1处的两个主要特征峰强度的变化趋势,和川西獐牙菜不同溶剂提取物中龙胆苦苷含量变化趋势一致;提取溶剂极性相近时,提取物的红外光谱图相似;随着提取溶液极性的逐渐降低,提取物的红外谱图中2853,1 733,1 464,1 277和1 161cm-1等处吸收峰强度逐渐增强,提取物中酯类化合物含量逐渐增加,萜类化合物的提取率逐渐增加;红外光谱图极为相近的不同浓度乙醇提取物在二维红外光谱图中有很明显的差异。龙胆苦苷特征峰强度的变化趋势和不同提取物中龙胆苦苷含量变化趋势的一致性说明红外光谱分析结果能体现分析对象中所含有成分的含量变化;川西獐牙菜原药材,水提物和不同浓度乙醇提取物谱图的相似性和相似度的变化规律,说明传统用药水煎液和低浓度醇提物的科学性;红外光谱技术可成为川西獐牙菜不同提取物后期药理活性成分宏观控制,和多以复方入药的藏药研究中准确、快速、有效的分析方法。     

川西獐牙菜正丁醇提取物的GC-MS成分分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对川西獐牙菜的正丁醇提取物进行成分分离鉴定,并用峰面积归一法确定各组分的相对含量.实验中从川西獐牙菜正丁醇提取物非沥青质的3种馏分中共分离出122种化学成分,非极性馏分中以烷烃类为主,极性馏分中以饱和脂肪酸类为主.     

同步辐射X射线荧光法分析藏药材和藏药制剂中金属元素

同步辐射X射线荧光(SR-XRF)技术具有光强高、能量范围宽、信噪比高、检测限低、无损伤分析等特点,在元素分析中具有极为显著的优势。采用SR-XRF技术,对临床治疗肝胆疾病常用的藏药材(川西獐牙菜)及藏药制剂中的金属元素进行较为准确的定量半定量分析,以期揭示藏药中这些金属元素与其药效的关系。SR-XRF分析结果发现,藏药材川西獐牙菜中含有钾(K)、钙(Ca)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)共九种金属元素(含量均处于ppb或亚ppm级别),且不同来源样品间的元素组成具有明显的差异性。另外,发现研究的藏药复方制剂含有钾(K)、钙(Ca)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铷(Rb)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、钴(Co)、镓(Ga)15种金属元素及一种非金属元素砷(As),各元素含量均在ppb至ppm级别,不同复方制剂中的元素组成具有显著性的差异。利用SR-XRF技术对常用藏药材和藏药制剂中元素进行了,初步揭示了传统藏药中微量金属元素与其生物学效应的关系,并发现该技术可用于藏药微量金属元素的直接、快速检测。     

药用植物川东獐牙菜红外光谱分析与鉴别

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)和系统聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)快速鉴别不同产地川东獐牙菜(Swertia davidi Franch)。采集4个不同地区70株样品不同部位的红外光谱数据,原始光谱数据经预处理(自动基线校正,自动平滑,一阶求导,二阶求导)后导入OMNIC 8.2,比较吸收峰的差异;用SIMCA-Pa+10.0进行偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),以前三个主成分三维得分图比较产地鉴别效果;红外光谱数据导入SPSS 19.0,进行系统聚类分析(HCA),通过树状图比较不同部位分类效果。结果显示,(1)不同产地根的光谱图在1 739,1 647,1 614,1 503,1 271,1 243,1 072cm~(-1)附近的吸收峰有差异,不同产地茎的光谱图在1 503,1 270,1 246cm~(-1)吸收峰附近有差异;(2)相同产地不同部位的光谱特征峰有差异;(3)PLS-DA分析结果显示自动基线校正+自动平滑+二阶求导这种预处理方式分类效果最好,根的红外光谱数据产地鉴别效果最佳;(4)HCA的树状图,显示根的聚类分析结果正确率83%,茎的聚类分析结果正确率49%,叶的聚类分析结果正确率70%。FTIR技术结合PLS-DA与HCA方法能够快速准确地鉴别不同产地川东獐牙菜,不同部位产地鉴别效果有差异,根的光谱数据产地鉴别效果最佳,二阶求导处理增强了样品的特异性,使PLS-DA的三维主成分得分图分类效果更明显。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方甘草酸苷氯化钠注射液中的甘草酸单铵含量

高效液相色谱法测定复方甘草酸苷氯化钠注射液中的甘草酸单铵。采用ODS-C18色谱柱;乙腈-2%冰醋酸(40:60)为流动相;流速1.0mL.min-1;检测波长254nm;柱温为室温。该方法检出限为8ng/mL,线性范围为0.05—0.80mg/mL(r=0.9989),平均回收率98.81%。     

基于光谱和色谱数据融合策略的青叶胆及近似种的鉴别研究

青叶胆(Swertia leducii)为獐牙菜属(Swertia)一年生草本植物,在肝炎病治疗方面效果显著。其与同属近似种外观极其相似,加之常以干燥全草入药,仅从形态难以正确鉴别。不同物种有效成分存在明显差异,其药效也有所不同。基于光谱和色谱数据融合建立青叶胆及近似种的鉴别方法,为青叶胆药用真实性与安全性提供科学依据。采集青叶胆及其近似种植物共102份样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和超高效液相色谱(UPLC)指纹图谱;利用标准正态变量(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、 Savitzky-Golay平滑(SG)、一阶导数(1D)、二阶导数(2D)等方法对原始红外光谱数据进行预处理,通过系统聚类分析(HCA)探讨獐牙菜属不同种类样品化学信息相似性与差异性; Kennard-Stone算法将所有样品按2∶1比例划分为训练集和预测集,训练集基于FTIR, UPLC,低级与中级数据融合建立随机森林(RF)判别模型,预测集用于验证模型预测能力,其中灵敏性(sensitivity)、特异性(specificity)、精密度(precision)和正确率(accuracy)用来评价模型性能。结果显示:(1)采用SNV+SG+2D组合对FTIR数据进行预处理,R~2Y和Q~2最大,分别为91.2%和84.1%,所有类别被正确区分,为最佳预处理。(2)HCA反映了5种獐牙菜属植物样品分类情况与亲缘关系,除紫红獐牙菜外,其余4种獐牙菜植物均分类正确,准确率为93.1%;青叶胆、川东獐牙菜、紫红獐牙菜与西南獐牙菜亲缘关系较近。(3)基于FTIR、 UPLC、低级和中级数据融合策略建立RF判别模型,样品错判总数分别为1, 5, 1和0,中级数据融合效果最佳,所有样品均正确分类,所建模型性能良好。FTIR与UPLC通过中级数据融合策略结合RF判别分析能正确鉴别不同种类獐牙菜属植物,结合HCA分析能够明确青叶胆及其近似种之间的亲缘关系,为獐牙菜属植物资源开发与质量控制提供理论基础。     

RP-HPLC测定黄毛楤木中的紫丁香苷和刺五加苷E

研究RP-HPLC同时定量分析黄毛楤木中紫丁香苷和刺五加苷E的含量。采用色谱柱为NUCLEODUR 100-5 C18ec柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈∶水(15∶85,V/V),流速0.8mL.min-1,检测波长221nm,柱温30℃。紫丁香苷进样量在0.01364—0.15004μg范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为96.8%,RSD为2.5%(n=6);刺五加苷E进样量在0.02940—0.32340μg范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为97.9%,RSD为1.9%(n=6)。本方法操作简便,测定结果准确可靠,可同时测量黄毛楤木中紫丁香苷和刺五加苷E的含量。     

高效液相梯度洗脱法测定银黄含片中黄芩苷、绿原酸和芦丁

建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定银黄含片中的黄芩苷、绿原酸和芦丁。采用HypersilODSC18柱(200mm×4.6mm,粒径5μm),流动相A:甲醇-水-乙酸(10∶88∶2)和流动相B:甲醇-水-乙酸(88∶10∶2),梯度洗脱程序0min(A∶B/97∶3)-10min(A∶B/73∶27)-25min(A∶B/20∶80)-36min(A∶B/20∶80);流速1.0mL/min;检测波长为327nm和280nm;柱温25℃。黄芩苷线性范围为0.051—0.512μg/mL,r=0.9990,样品的平均加标回收率为98.23%,(RSD为2.13%);绿原酸线性范围为0.059—0.592μg/mL,r=0.9996,样品的平均加标回收率为97.61%,(RSD为2.13%);芦丁线性范围为0.087—0.868μg/mL,r=0.999,样品的平均加标回收率为98.56%,(RSD为1.13%),该方法专属性强,结果稳定,重现性好,能有效地控制药品的主成分含量,具有较强的实用价值。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.