Generalized Multi-component TC Hierarchy and Its Multi-component Integrable Coupling System

A new 3M-dimensional Lie algebra X is constructed firstly. Then, the corresponding loop algebra X is produced, whose commutation operation defined by us is as simple and straightforward as that in the loop algebra A1. It follows that a general scheme for generating multi-component integrable hierarchy is proposed. By taking advantage of X, a new isospectral problem is established, and then well-known multi-component TC hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra X is presented. Based on the FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the generalized multi-component TC hierarchy has been worked out. The method in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations hierarchies. It is easy to find that we can construct any finite-dimensional Lie algebra by this approach.     

Multi-component Levi Hierarchy and Its Multi-component Integrable Coupling System

A simple 3M-dimensional loop algebra X is produced, whose commutation operation defined by us is A1 as simple and straightforward as that in the loop algebra A1. It follows that a general scheme for generating multi-component integrable hierarchy is proposed. By taking advantage of X, a new isospectral problem is established, and then by making use of the Tu scheme the well-known multi-component Levi hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra .X is presented, based on the FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component Levi hierarchy is worked out. The method in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equation hierarchies.     

Multi-component Levi Hierarchy and Its Multi-component Integrable Coupling System

A simple 3M-dimensional loop algebra X is produced, whose commutation operation defined by us is as simple and straightforward as that in the loop algebra A1. It follows that a general scheme for generating multicomponent integrable hierarchy is proposed. By taking advantage of X, a new isospectral problem is established, and then by making use of the Tu scheme the well-known multi-component Levi hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra X is presented, based on the FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component Levi hierarchy is worked out. The method in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equation hierarchies.     

Multi-component SC Lax Integrable Hierarchy of Soliton Equations and Its Multi-component Integrable Coupling System with Two Arbitrary Functions

A new simple loop algebra GM is constructed, which is devoted to establishing an isospectral problem.By making use of generalized Tu scheme, the multi-component SC hierarchy is obtained. Furthermore, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra GM is presented. Based on FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component SC hierarchy of soliton equations is worked out. How to design isospectral problem of mulitcomponent hierarchy of soliton equations is a technique and interesting topic. The method can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations hierarchy.     

Multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy and its multi-component integrable couplings system

A general scheme for generating a multi-component integrable equation hierarchy is proposed. A simple 3M-dimensional loop algebra \tilde{X} is produced. By taking advantage of \tilde{X}, a new isospectral problem is established and then by making use of the Tu scheme the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra \tilde{F}_M of the loop algebra \tilde{X} is presented. Based on the \tilde{F}_M, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is investigated. The method in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equation hierarchies.     

Multi-component C-KdV Hierarchy of Soliton Equations and Its Multi-component Integrable Coupling System

A new simple loop algebra G M is constructed, which is devoted to establishing an isospectral problem. By making use of Tu scheme, the multi-component C-KdV hierarchy is obtained. Further, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra G M is presented. Based on FM , the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component C-KdV hierarchy is worked out. The method can be used to other nonlinear evolution equations hierarchy.     

A Multi-component Matrix Loop Algebra and Its Application

A set of multi-component matrix Lie algebra is constructed. It follows that a type of new loop algebra AM-1 is presented. An isospectral problem is established. Integrable multi-component hierarchy is obtained by Tu pattern, which possesses tri-Hamiltonian structures. Furthermore, it can be reduced to the well-known AKNS hierarchy and BPT hierarchy. Therefore, the major result of this paper can be regarded as a unified expression integrable model of the AKNS hierarchy and the BPT hierarchy.     

A Multi-component Matrix Loop Algebra and Its Application

A set of multi-component matrix Lie algebra is constructed. It follows that a type of new loop algebra A^- M-1 is presented. An isospectral problem is established. Integrable multi-component hierarchy is obtained by Tu pattern, which possesses tri-Hamiltonian structures. Furthermore, it can be reduced to the well-known AKNS hierarchy and BPT hierarchy. Therefore, the major result of this paper can be regarded as a unified expression integrable model of the AKNS hierarchy and the BPT hierarchy.     

New Matrix Lie Algebra, a Powerful Tool for Constructing Multi-component C-KdV Equation Hierarchy

A set of new multi-component matrix Lie algebra is constructed, which is devoted to obtaining a new loop algebra A-2M. It follows that an isospectral problem is established. By making use of Tu scheme, a Liouville integrable multi-component hierarchy of soliton equations is generated, which possesses the multi-component Hamiltonian structures. As its reduction cases, the multi-component C-KdV hierarchy is given. Finally, the multi-component integrable coupling system of C-KdV hierarchy is presented through enlarging matrix spectral problem.     

A New Loop Algebra and Its Corresponding Multi-component Integrable Hierarchy

A type of new loop algebra $\tilde{G}_M$ is constructed by making use of the concept of cycled numbers. As its application, an isospectral problem is designed and a new multi-component integrable hierarchy with multi-potential functions is worked out, which can be reduced to the famous KN hierarchy.     

A type of multi-component integrable hierarchy

A new isospectral problem is established by constructing a simple interesting loop algebra. A commutation operation of the loop algebra is as straightforward as the loop algebra ?_1. It follows that a type of multi-component integrable hierarchy is obtained. This can be used as a general method.     

Multi-component C-KdV Hierarchy of Soliton Equations and Its Multi-component Integrable Coupling System

A new simple loop algebra G^-M is constructed, which is devoted to establishing an isospectral problem. By making use of Tu scheme, the multi-component C-KdV hierarchy is obtained. Further, an expanding loop algebra F^-M of the loop algebra G^-M is presented. Based on F^-M , the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component C-KdV hierarchy is worked out. The method can be used to other nonlinear evolution equations hierarchy.     

New Matrix Lie Algebra and Its Application

A set of new matrix Lie algebra and its corresponding loop algebra are constructed. By making use of Tu scheme, a Liouville integrable multi-component hierarchy of soliton equation is generated. As its reduction cases, the multi-component Tu hierarchy is given. Finally, the multi-component integrable coupling system of Tu hierarchy is presented through enlarging matrix spectral problem.     

Expansion of Lie Algebra and Its Application

Firstly we expand a finite-dimensional Lie algebra into a higher-dimenslonal one. By making use of the later and its corresponding loop algebra, the expanding integrable model of the multi-component NLS-mKdV hierarchy is worked out.     

A new multi-component integrable coupling system for AKNS equation hierarchy with sixteen-potential functions

It is shown in this paper that the upper triangular strip matrix of Lie algebra can be used to construct a new integrable coupling system of soliton equation hierarchy. A direct application to the Ablowitz--Kaup--Newell-- Segur(AKNS) spectral problem leads to a novel multi-component soliton equation hierarchy of an integrable coupling system with sixteen-potential functions. It is indicated that the study of integrable couplings when using the upper triangular strip matrix of Lie algebra is an efficient and straightforward method.     

New Matrix Loop Algebra and Its Application

A new matrix Lie algebra and its corresponding Loop algebra are constructed firstly, as its application, the multi-component TC equation hierarchy is obtained, then by use of trace identity the Hamiltonian structure of the above system is presented. Finally, the integrable couplings of the obtained system is worked out by the expanding matrix Loop algebra.     

NLS-MKdV Hierarchy and Its Hamiltonian Structures

A new simple loop algebra is constructed, which is devote to establishing an isospectral problem. By making use of Tu scheme, NLS-MKdV hierarchy is obtained. Again via expanding the loop algebra above, another higher-dimensional loop algebra is presented. It follows that an integrable coupling of NLS-MkdV hierarchy is given. Also, the trace identity is extended to the quadratic-form identity and the Hamiltonian structures of the NLS-MKdV hierarchy and integrable coupling of NLS-MkdV hierarchy are obtained by the quadratic-form identity. The method can be used to produce the Hamiltonian structures of the other integrable couplings or multi-component hierarchies.     

Some Evolution Hierarchies Derived from Self-dual Yang-Mills Equations

We develop in this paper a new method to construct two explicit Lie algebras E and F. By using a loop algebra \bar{E} of the Lie algebra E and the reduced self-dual Yang-Mills equations, we obtain an expanding integrable model of the Giachetti-Johnson (GJ) hierarchy whose Hamiltonian structure can
also be derived by using the trace identity. This provides a much simplier construction method in comparing with the tedious variational identity approach. Furthermore, the nonlinear integrable coupling of the GJ hierarchy is readily obtained by introducing the Lie algebra g_N. As an application, we apply the loop algebra \tilde{E} of the Lie algebra E to obtain a kind of expanding integrable model of the Kaup-Newell (KN) hierarchy which, consisting of two arbitrary parametersα andβ, can be reduced to two nonlinear evolution equations. In addition, we use a loop algebra \tilde{F} of the Lie algebra F to obtain an
expanding integrable model of the BT hierarchy whose Hamiltonian structure is the same as using the trace identity. Finally, we deduce five integrable systems in R³ based on the self-dual Yang-Mills equations, which include Poisson structures, irregular lines, and the reduced equations.     

The extended trace identity and its application

The trace identity is extended to the general loop algebra. The Hamiltonian structures of the integrable systems concerning vector spectral problems and the multi-component integrable hierarchy can be worked out by using the extended trace identity. As its application, we have obtained the Hamiltonian structures of the Yang hierarchy, the Korteweg-de--Vries (KdV) hierarchy, the multi-component Ablowitz--Kaup--Newell--Segur (M-AKNS) hierarchy, the multi-component Ablowitz--Kaup--Newell--Segur Kaup--Newell (M-AKNS--KN) hierarchy and a new multi-component integrable hierarchy separately.     

Induced Lie Algebras of a Six-Dimensional Matrix Lie Algebra

By using a six-dimensional matrix Lie algebra [Y.F. Zhang and Y. Wang, Phys. Lett. A 360 (2006) 92], three induced Lie algebras are constructed. One of them is obtained by extending Lie bracket, the others are higher-dimensional complex Lie algebras constructed by using linear transformations. The equivalent Lie algebras of the later two with multi-component forms are obtained as well. As their applications, we derive an integrable coupling and quasi-Hamiltonian structure of the modified TC hierarchy of soliton equations.