Frequency selective surface structure optimized by genetic algorithm

Frequency selective surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional periodic structure which has prominent characteristics of bandpass or bandblock when interacting with electromagnetic waves. In this paper, the thickness, the dielectric constant, the element graph and the arrangement periodicity of an FSS medium are investigated by Genetic Algorithm (GA) when an electromagnetic wave is incident on the FSS at a wide angle, and an optimized FSS structure and transmission characteristics are obtained. The results show that the optimized structure has better stability in relation to incident angle of electromagnetic wave and preserves the stability of centre frequency even at an incident angle as large as 80°, thereby laying the foundation for the application of FSS to curved surfaces at wide angles.     

Carpet anti-cloak based on transformation optics

We propose a scheme for carpet anti-cloak based on the transformation optics. An anti-cloak layer is designed, which can make the external electromagnetic waves break the carpet cloak shielding. The external electromagnetic waves can be detected under the carpet cloak, while not affecting the role of carpet cloak of stealth. The Jacobian transformation tensor is calculated by numerically solving the Laplace equations with proper boundary condition. Thus, it is possible to design tile anti-cloak layer of irregular shape. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibilities and flexibilities of the structure. Design details and full-wave simulation results are provided.     

A planar chiral nanostructure with asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized wave and huge optical activity in near-infrared band

Just like an electronic diode that allows the electrical current to flow in one direction only, a kind of chiral metamaterial structure with a similar functionality for the electromagnetic wave is proposed. The designed nanostructure that consists of twisted metallic split-ring resonators on both sides of a dielectric substrate achieves asymmetric transmission for a forward and backward propagating linearly polarized wave by numerical simulation in near-infrared band. Difference in transmission efficiency of the optimized structure between the same polarized waves incident from opposite directions can reach a maximum at the communication wavelength （1.55 μm）. Moreover, the simulation results of this structure also exhibit strong optical activity and circular dichroism.     

A novel polarization converter based on the band-stop frequency selective surface

A dual-passband single-polarized converter based on the band-stop frequency selective surface(FSS)with a low radar cross-section(RCS)is designed in this article.The unit cell of the proposed converter is formed by a polarization layer attached to the band-stop frequency selective surface.The simulation results reveal that the co-polarization reflection coefficients below-10 d B are achieved in 3.82–13.64 GHz with a 112.4%fractional bandwidth(the ratio of the signal bandwidth to the central frequency).Meanwhile,a polarization conversion band is realized from 8.14 GHz to 9.27 GHz with a polarization conversion ratio which is over 80%.Moreover,the 1 d B transmission window is obtained in two nonadjacent bands of 3.42–7.02 GHz and 10.04–13.91 GHz corresponding to the relative bandwidths of 68.9%and 32.3%,respectively.Furthermore,the radar cross-section of the designed structure can be reduced in the wideband from 2.28 GHz to 14 GHz,and the 10 d B RCS reduction in the range of 4.10–13.35 GHz is achieved.In addition,the equivalent circuit model of this converter is established,and the simulation results of the Advanced Design System(ADS)match well with those of CST Microwave Studio(CST).The archetype of the designed converter is manufactured and measured.The experiment results match the simulation results well,which proves the reliability of the simulation results.     

A novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen frequency selective surface with a stable performance

<正>A thick-screen frequency selective surface(FSS) has not only a broad bandwidth but also the advantages of overcoming the multilayer FSS shortcoming of complex structure and low transmittance of centre frequency due to the cascade of FSSs,and this means it could potentially be applied in a stealth curved streamlined radome.However,there is an unsteadiness of centre frequency in a wide range of incident angles and another unsteadiness of polarization in a big incident angle.In order to solve these problems,in this paper we provide a novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS.The structure is analysed and simulated using the mode matching method and moment method.The centre frequency,the transmittance of centre frequency,and bandwidth of the structure are investigated when some parameters including the polarization at a big incident angle and the incident angles of TE & TM waves are changed. The novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS has better transmission properties with a better steadiness of polarization and incident angle independence.The novel structure of the four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS provides a valuable reference for their application in a stealth curved streamlined radome.     

The effect of a non-aligned unit on double-screen frequency-selective surface transmission characteristics

Double-screen frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) can bring about a better flattened effect and a rapidly declining edge. They are therefore an effective means to achieve outer-zone stealth of the radar cabin to detect radar waves. In this article, a double-screen wide-bandpass FSS structure is designed and the transmission characteristics of the units under alignment and non-alignment are simulated by means of the spectral domain approach. Meanwhile, the experimental parts fabricated by vacuum evaporation and lithography are tested in a microwave chamber. The results show that the aligned unit structure has good incident angle stability and can achieve high transmittance when the bandwidth is 3.3 GHz, and the transmission loss is less than 1 dB. When the units have a non-aligned structure, the bandwidth decreases and transmission loss increases with increasing incident angle.     

Unidirectional acoustic transmission in asymmetric bull’s eye structure

Unidirectional acoustic transmission has been investigated in an asymmetric bull's eye structure, which consistes of a subwavelength hole with concentric grooves on one side of a thin steel plate. When acoustic waves impinge normally on the groove side of the asymmetric structure, a strong acoustic transmitted energy flux is observed in the frequency range of 400–450 k Hz, while there is no obvious transmitted energy flux in the same frequency range if the acoustic waves impinge normally on the other side. Thus, a remarkable unidirectional acoustic transmission behavior is exhibited by the current structure. With changing the period of the grooves, it is found that the transmitted acoustic energy flux keeps unchanged while the frequency of the transmitted waves can be modified. The experiments are performed, which has confirmed the unidirectional acoustic transmission behavior in the asymmetric bull's eye structure. The asymmetric bull's eye structure may have potential application in ultrasound diagnosis and therapy.     

Tunable frequency selective surface with a shorted ring slot

In order to realize the tunable performance of a frequency selective surface (FSS), a new unit cell is designed in this paper by properly adding two metal shorts to the ring slot. Based on the spectral-domain method, the frequency responses of the FSS structure with two shorts per slot ring are analysed for both the horizontal and the vertical polarizations at the normal incidence. It is demonstrated that the presence of the metal shorts does not affect the resonant frequency of the horizontally polarized wave but doubles the resonant frequency of the vertically polarized wave. Therefore based on the analysis of the novel transmission properties, a new approach to adjusting the resonant frequency by rotating the FSS screen 90? is presented in this paper.     

Influence of substrate process tolerances on transmission characteristics of frequency-selective surface

Frequency-selective surface （FSS） is a two-dimensional periodic structure consisting of a dielectric substrate and the metal units （or apertures） arranged periodically on it. When manufacturing the substrate, its thickness and dielectric constant suffer process tolerances. This may induce the center frequency of the FSS to shift, and consequently influence its characteristics. In this paper, a bandpass FSS structure is designed. The units are the Jerusalem crosses arranged squarely. The mode-matching technique is used for simulation. The influence of the tolerances of the substrate＇s thickness and dielectric constant on the center frequency is analyzed. Results show that the tolerances of thickness and dielectric constant have different influences on the center frequency of the FSS. It is necessary to ensure the process tolerance of the dielectric constant in the design and manufacturing of the substrate in order to stabilize the center frequency.     

Influence of substrate process tolerances on transmission characteristics of frequency-selective surface

Frequency-selective surface(FSS)is a two-dimensional periodic structure consisting of a dielectric substrate and the metal units(or apertures)arranged periodically on it.When manufacturing the substrate,its thickness and dielectric constant suffer process tolerances.This may induce the center frequency of the FSS to shift,and consequently influence its characteristics.In this paper,a bandpass FSS structure is designed.The units are the Jerusalem crosses arranged squarely.The mode-matching technique is used for simulation.The influence of the tolerances of the substrate's thickness and dielectric constant on the center frequency is analyzed.Results show that the tolerances of thickness and dielectric constant have different influences on the center frequency of the FSS.It is necessary to ensure the process tolerance of the dielectric constant in the design and manufacturing of the substrate in order to stabilize the center frequency.     

Perfect-absorber metamaterial based on flower-shaped structure

We theoretically and experimetally investigated the narrow-band peak of perfect absorber (PA), which was realized with a metal–dielectric–metal scheme based on a flower-shaped structure (FSS). The PA slabs were designed and fabricated to work in the GHz range of electromagnetic radiation. The absorption is due to the magnetic influence and therefore, the resonance frequency can be easily controlled without affecting the efficiency of the absorption peak by changing the dimensional parameters of the FSS. In addition, the FSS also results in polarization independence of electromagnetic waves, as expected due to its geometry.     

一种圆孔单元厚屏频率选择表面结构的传输特性研究

设计了一种圆孔单元的厚屏频率选择表面(FSS)结构,采用矩量法对该结构的传输特性进行仿真研究.主要研究厚屏FSS在无介质加载条件下,其单元直径、排布周期、电磁波入射角等参数对厚屏FSS传输特性的影响规律.结果发现,厚屏FSS的单元直径、单元间距、入射角对带宽影响较大;而单元直径对中心频率影响不大.     

一种介质-金属加载圆孔单元厚屏频率选择表面

厚屏频率选择表面能较好地改善FSS带宽性能,是实现隐身雷达天线罩的有效手段.为了全面掌握厚屏FSS的传输特性,给FSS的工程应用提供可靠依据,本文设计了一种介质-金属加载圆孔单元的厚屏频率选择表面.采用矩量法对此结构进行分析计算,主要研究了加载金属直径、加载介质厚度、电磁波入射角等几个参数对厚屏FSS传输特性的影响规律.仿真实验结果表明:带宽、中心频率及其透过率都对填充介质直径、加载金属直径、加载介质厚度、电磁波入射角和不同排列方式有不同程度的敏感性,可以通过合理调整加载金属直径及加载介质厚度来获得较宽的通带和较高的透过率.这为实现厚屏FSS在曲面隐身雷达天线罩上的应用提供了一种有价值的借鉴.     

双带频率选择表面设计

为了实现频率选择表面(FSS)的双带特性,设计了由矩形栅格和三圆环组合单元FSS。对FSS的谱域求解方法进行了详细的描述。采用谱域法分析了不同角度和极化入射波下FSS的频率响应性能。结果表明,所设计的FSS对于不同入射角度和极化电磁波具有稳定的双带、平顶传输及陡峭下降边缘特性。双带特性大致表现为1.8～5.4GHz的阻带和5.4～20.0GHz的通带。阻带谐振频率稳定在3.1GHz左右,而通带在-4dB的平顶传输带宽达14.3GHz以上。其陡峭下降边缘特性表现为S波段信号强烈反射,而其他波段信号通过,从而实现多波段通讯。该结构FSS可应用于卫星通信、雷达罩及其他相关领域。     

双屏频率选择表面结构的遗传算法优化

双屏频率选择表面能够更好地实现平顶效应和快速下降的边缘,是一种实现雷达舱对探测带外雷达波隐身的有效手段.本文针对双屏频率选择表面(FSS)在电磁波不同角度入射下的宽带通应用,采用遗传算法对FSS介质厚度、介电常数、单元图形、排列周期进行了整体优化,给出优化后的FSS结构和传输特性曲线;同时采用镀膜和光刻技术制备出相应的实验件,在微波暗室进行了测试.结果表明,优化后的结构在保证2 GHz的工作带宽下,对电磁波的入射角度有良好的传输稳定性,这为实现双屏FSS在曲面大角度下的应用奠定了基础. 关键词： 频率选择表面 遗传算法 优化     

频率选择表面结构的电子系统K/Ka波段电磁屏蔽分析

电子设备和无线技术不断向K/Ka波段发展以及电子系统集成度的不断提高给电子系统的电磁屏蔽设计带来了严峻挑战。提出一种将频率选择表面（FSS）用于电子系统屏蔽的新方法,可以替代传统散热孔阵,在满足通风散热性能的同时确保电子系统在5G毫米波段的电磁屏蔽性能。基于金属腔中心点屏蔽效能和全局屏蔽效能,分析了FSS孔阵排布方式、电磁波极化与入射角度对金属外壳电磁屏蔽效能（SE）的影响。结果表明:FSS孔阵排布方式对金属腔屏蔽性能的影响较小,并且SE不受入射电磁波极化方式影响;含FSS通风孔阵的金属外壳在23.0～25.5 GHz范围内屏蔽效能约为30 dB,比含传统散热孔阵金属腔屏蔽效能提高15 dB。     

圆环单元FSS对改善吸波体雷达吸波特性的影响

设计了圆环单元的频率选择表面（FSS）结构,并将该结构置于吸波材料中构成了复合吸波结构。利用谱域法对该结构进行数值模拟,计算出频率为2～16GHz微波波段的反射系数,并研究了圆环单元尺寸和排布周期对其吸波特性的影响。结果表明：当圆环单元FSS的单元间距为10mm,单元尺寸为3．3mm时,其共振频率的反射率由-8．15dB降低为-14．54dB,-5dB吸波带宽由1．2GHz拓展为3．05GHz;且随圆环单元尺寸增大,共振反射率增加;随单元排列周期增加,吸波材料带宽增大。结果表明,利用FSS可以明显改善吸波材料涂层的吸波性能,通过凋整相关参数可以获得所需的复合吸波结构,拓展FSS在吸波材料中的应用范围。     

射电天文用太赫兹三通带频率选择表面设计

本文设计一种基于单屏改进型开口谐振环(SRR)的太赫兹频率选择表面(FSS). 改进型 SRR 谐振单元由具有开口缝的金属贴片组成, 开口缝的物理尺寸会影响其阶跃特征阻抗特性. 本文通过对改进型 SRR 单元结构建立LC等效电路模型, 提取等效电路模型参数, 并结合传输线理论, 得到 FSS 的基频计算公式和谐波关系式. 相比于传统均匀 SRR, 本文所提出的改进型 SRR 多频带传输的控制更为灵活. 基于此特点, 设计了一款中心频率依次为 0.46 THz, 0.86 THz和 1.03 THz, 可应用于射电天文的三通带太赫兹 FSS. 采用电磁仿真软件对影响该 FSS 传输特性的关键参数、周期间隔、小型化程度以及入射角敏感性等重要指标进行分析研究. 结果表明, 改进型 SRR 三通带 FSS 在三个通带内的反射系数分别为 -37.6 dB, -13 dB和 -19.6 dB, 在0°–60° 范围内均具有稳定的频率响应特性, 且具有小型化程度高、损耗低等特点. 这种三通带 FSS 在太赫兹频段射电天文方面有潜在的应用价值.     

一种性能稳定的新单元频率选择表面

通过对十字孔径单元的四个端点添加L形的孔径,给出了一种新单元的频率选择表面(FSS)设计,同时通过拆分,得到了相对应的拆分单元FSS.利用谱域法,对两种FSS结构从理论上进行了分析,在TE波入射时角度变化、大角度入射时极化变化对中心频率的影响以及通带带宽三个方面进行了研究,并采用镀膜和光刻技术制备了两种FSS结构的实验样件,在微波暗室中进行测试,得到的实验曲线与理论仿真曲线基本一致.结果表明：新单元的两种FSS结构的中心频率均能在TE波入射时实现角度稳定性和大角度入射时实现极化稳定性;拆分单元FSS的中心 关键词： 频率选择表面(FSS) 新单元 极化稳定性 角度稳定性