Bis-vinylogous Corrole: The First Expanded Corrole

A dimeric structure that is held together by hydrogen bonds and is stable in solution is adopted by the hydrochloride salt of the expanded corrole shown. The synthesis, X-ray structure, and NMR and electronic absorption spectra of the new species all confirm the structural assignment in solution and in the solid state.     

The Corrole Radical

The reaction of 5,10,15‐trimesitylcorrole (H₃cor) with tungsten hexachloride and tungsten hexacarbonyl resulted in the unexpected formation of the 3,17‐dichloro‐5,10,15‐trimesitylcorrole radical (H₂cor*) as an air‐stable product. X‐ray crystallography proved the planarization of the corrole radical structure, which was rationalized by the reduced steric hindrance of two versus three hydrogen atoms inside the N₄ cavity. Although the aromaticity was lost, no specific changes in C? C or C? N bond distances could be observed. The regioselectivity of the two‐fold chlorination is the result of the nucleophilic attack of chloride ions to an oxidized corrole macrocycle, and is supported by DFT results. The corrole radical acts as a dianionic ligand and allows the insertion of the divalent zinc(II) cation, which usually does not form neutral corrole complexes.     

The Corrole Radical

The reaction of 5,10,15‐trimesitylcorrole (H₃cor) with tungsten hexachloride and tungsten hexacarbonyl resulted in the unexpected formation of the 3,17‐dichloro‐5,10,15‐trimesitylcorrole radical (H₂cor*) as an air‐stable product. X‐ray crystallography proved the planarization of the corrole radical structure, which was rationalized by the reduced steric hindrance of two versus three hydrogen atoms inside the N₄ cavity. Although the aromaticity was lost, no specific changes in C C or C N bond distances could be observed. The regioselectivity of the two‐fold chlorination is the result of the nucleophilic attack of chloride ions to an oxidized corrole macrocycle, and is supported by DFT results. The corrole radical acts as a dianionic ligand and allows the insertion of the divalent zinc(II) cation, which usually does not form neutral corrole complexes.     

Triply Linked Corrole Dimers

The oxidation of 10–10′ singly linked corrole dimers with DDQ at low concentration in CHCl₃ afforded meso–meso, β–β, β–β triply linked 2H‐corrole dimers (with two inner NH groups in each corrole unit), which exhibited characteristic ¹H NMR and absorption spectra attributable to their nonaromatic electronic networks. These 2H‐corrole dimers were reduced with NaBH₄ to aromatic 3H‐corrole dimers, which were unstable and easily oxidized back to the 2H‐corrole dimers upon exposure to air. Bis(zinc(II)) complexes of the 2H‐corrole dimers were synthesized and characterized as rare examples of nonaromatic zinc(II) corrole complexes.     

Triply Linked Corrole Dimers

The oxidation of 10–10′ singly linked corrole dimers with DDQ at low concentration in CHCl₃ afforded meso–meso, β–β, β–β triply linked 2H‐corrole dimers (with two inner NH groups in each corrole unit), which exhibited characteristic ¹H NMR and absorption spectra attributable to their nonaromatic electronic networks. These 2H‐corrole dimers were reduced with NaBH₄ to aromatic 3H‐corrole dimers, which were unstable and easily oxidized back to the 2H‐corrole dimers upon exposure to air. Bis(zinc(II)) complexes of the 2H‐corrole dimers were synthesized and characterized as rare examples of nonaromatic zinc(II) corrole complexes.     

Corrole锰-氧配合物的稳定性研究

对5,10,15-三(五氟苯基)-Corrole(tpfc)Mn(V)≡O配合物的稳定性进行了研究. 以二氯甲烷溶剂为参考,乙醇、正辛醇、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、甲苯能加速(tpfc)MnV≡O的衰减,而N’N二甲基甲酰胺、水、乙酸乙酯、丙酮能减缓(tpfc)MnV≡O的衰减. (tpfc)MnV≡O与盐酸、醋酸反应生成(tpfc)MnIV-Cl、(tpfc)MnIV-O2CCH3. (tpfc)MnIII能与咪唑、四甲基咪唑、吡啶形成1:1的配合物,轴向配位常数按Imidazole >4-Methylimidazole >Py顺次减弱,在这些轴向配体存在时,(tpfc)MnV≡O的稳定性显著降低. 轴向配体与(tpfc)MnIII的结合导致其MnIII/MnIV半波电位降低. XPS实验结果显示(tpfc)MnIII与轴向配体结合后,其中心金属锰的结合能Mn2p3/2减少,减少程度与轴向配体的给电子能力有关.     

咔咯铁(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA的作用及其抗肿瘤活性

本文合成了10-(4-吩噻嗪苯基)-5,15-二(五氟苯基)铁咔咯配合物(2-Fe)。 在H₂O₂存在下,配合物2-Fe能有效抑制人肺癌细胞(A549)增殖。 流式细胞术检测结果显示在H₂O₂和2-Fe共同作用下,A549细胞生长被阻滞在S期和G2期,且有63.76%发生细胞凋亡。 Hoechst-33342细胞核染色实验观察到A549细胞核呈典型的凋亡形态学变化,同时细胞线粒体膜电势发生明显下降。 2-Fe与小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)以外部模式相结合,且能有效催化氧化断裂DNA,此过程中涉及的活性氧物种可能是单线态氧。     

咔咯钴(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA的相互作用及抗肿瘤活性

合成了10-(4-羟基苯基)-5,15-二(五氟苯基)咔咯钴(Ⅲ)配合物(1-Co)和10-(4-吩噻嗪苯基)-5,15-二(五氟苯基)咔咯钴(Ⅲ)配合物(2-Co),并采用核磁共振波谱、质谱和紫外-可见光谱等对其结构进行了表征,利用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色谱、黏度测试和琼脂糖凝胶电泳等技术研究了配合物1-Co和2-Co与小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)之间的相互作用.结果表明,配合物1-Co和2-Co与DNA之间的作用模式为外部结合,且在光照下均能引发DNA断裂.细胞毒性实验结果表明,配合物1-Co和2-Co具有很低的暗细胞毒性,但在光照条件下均能有效抑制H460,He La,A549等肿瘤细胞株增殖,表明配合物1-Co和2-Co在光动力治疗中具有潜在的应用价值.细胞核染色和线粒体膜电位检测结果表明,在光照条件下配合物2-Co可能是通过氧化损伤线粒体的途径抑制肿瘤细胞增殖.     

Corrole光敏剂在光动力治疗中的重原子效应

最近, 我们合成了一系列Corrole衍生物, 经过鼻咽癌(Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC) 细胞的体外PDT试验后, 筛选出了一个具有优良PDT活性的Corrole光敏剂. 本文报道该类Corrole光敏剂在PDT中的重原子效应.     

Stable meso–meso‐Linked 2NH‐Corrole Radical Dimers as a Key Intermediate to Corrole Tape

While oxidation of 5,5′,15,15′‐tetramesityl‐10‐10′‐linked 3NH‐corrole dimer with DDQ gave the corresponding triply linked 2NH‐corrole tape, the use of an equimolar amount of p‐chloranil as a milder oxidant resulted in the formation of a 10‐10′‐linked neutral 2NH‐corrole radical dimer as a stable product. The stability of this peculiar product is ascribed largely to strong antiferromagnetic interaction of the two spins. Further oxidation of this diradical produced corrole tape, suggesting its involvement as a reaction intermediate to the corrole tape. Oxidation of 10‐10′‐linked bis‐pyridine‐coordinated Co^III corrole dimer with DDQ produced a cobalt corrole radical dimer and a doubly linked corrole dimer both as stable compounds bearing pyridine and cyanide axial ligands. This type of oxidative transformation involving neutral diradical intermediates is a unique reaction mechanism specific for corrole dimers.     

Corrole synthesis by dipyrromethane-dicarbinol and 2,2′-bipyrrole condensation

A₃ and trans-A₂B tris-aryl corroles 1a-c have been synthesized in up to 12% yield by BF₃·Et₂O-catalyzed condensation of dipyrromethane-dicarbinol and 2,2′-bipyrrole (1:1 ratio) in acetonitrile at room temperature for 24 h.     

溶剂对镓Corrole光谱性质的影响

合成了一系列周边取代的Corrole(1, 2, 3, 4)及其镓配合物1-Ga(Py)、2-Ga(Py)、3-Ga(Py)、4-Ga(Py),通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR), 紫外-可见光谱, 电喷雾离子质谱(ESI-MS)的方法对其进行了表征. 研究了不同溶剂对这一系列自由Corrole 及镓Corrole 的紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱, 稳态荧光和时间分辨荧光光谱, 将获得的荧光衰减动力学曲线采用单指数拟合并进行解卷积处理获得荧光的寿命值. 非（弱)极性溶剂对镓Corrole 紫外光谱的影响服从Bayliss 方程, 且镓Corrole 非辐射能量损失hc(ν¹_A-ν_F)与F(n)呈线性相关.     

铁咔咯配合物在有机合成中的催化应用

铁咔咯配合物的制备及其催化活性研究是当今卟啉化学的前沿课题之一。本文综述了近年来铁咔咯配合物在有机合成中的催化应用,重点归纳评述了它们在氧化反应,烯烃的环丙烷化、氮杂环丙烷化,N-H键、S-H键和C-H键的插入反应, [4+2]环加成反应及共聚反应中的催化活性,分析了目前铁咔咯配合物在催化研究方面存在的问题并展望了其发展的方向。     

反式双氧锰(V)咔咯配合物的稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法对反式双氧锰(V)咔咯配合物阴离子的稳定性及其质子化物种进行了理论计算. 结果表明: 反式双氧锰(V)咔咯配合物阴离子构型稳定, 其反式双氧锰键O=Mn=O由锰原子的d轨道与两个氧原子的p轨道分别构成一个σ轨道和两个π轨道; 随着外围取代基吸电性增强, O=Mn=O键长缩短, 拉曼伸缩振动频率增大; 其质子化过程中得到两个质子的轴向氧原子与锰原子的距离超出正常化学键的范围, 从而形成水分子并脱离原来分子, 导致质子化行为是不可逆过程, 而形成单氧的咔咯锰(V)-氧配合物.     

Corrole and Porphyrin Amino Acid Conjugates: Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties

A series of conjugates of amino acids with porphyrins and corroles was synthesized. Their self‐assembling ability under defined conditions was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The morphology and photophysical properties of these molecules were studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solid, liquid, and self‐assembled forms. We observed that both corrole and porphyrin conjugated with the l ‐phenylalanine–l ‐phenylalanine peptide to form spherical nanostructures with bathochromic shifts in the emission spectra, indicating the formation of aggregates. These aggregates are characterized by the impressive absorption of light over nearly the whole visible range. The broadening of all bands was particularly strong in the case of corroles. The fluorescence lifetimes of self‐assembled species were longer as compared to the solid‐state form.     

Engaging Copper(III) Corrole as an Electron Acceptor: Photoinduced Charge Separation in Zinc Porphyrin–Copper Corrole Donor–Acceptor Conjugates

An electron‐deficient copper(III) corrole was utilized for the construction of donor–acceptor conjugates with zinc(II) porphyrin (ZnP) as a singlet excited state electron donor, and the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation was demonstrated by using transient pump–probe spectroscopic techniques. In these conjugates, the number of copper corrole units was varied from 1 to 2 or 4 units while maintaining a single ZnP entity to observe the effect of corrole multiplicity in facilitating the charge‐separation process. The conjugates and control compounds were electrochemically and spectroelectrochemically characterized. Computational studies revealed ground state geometries of the compounds and the electron‐deficient nature of the copper(III) corrole. An energy level diagram was established to predict the photochemical events by using optical, emission, electrochemical, and computational data. The occurrence of charge separation from singlet excited zinc porphyrin and charge recombination to yield directly the ground state species were evident from the diagram. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy studies provided spectral evidence of charge separation in the form of the zinc porphyrin radical cation and copper(II) corrole species as products. Rates of charge separation in the conjugates were found to be of the order of 10¹⁰ s^?1 and increased with increasing multiplicity of copper(III) corrole entities. The present study demonstrates the importance of copper(III) corrole as an electron acceptor in building model photosynthetic systems.     

Theoretical Studies on Copper,Nickel Complexes of Corrole and Isocorrole

Corrole 2, an analogue of porphyrin 1, is also a fascinating molecule. It can be considered as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of corrin 3,the chromophore of Vitamin B₁₂, Similar to porphyrin, corrole also has 18 electrons in the π-system of the ring and is aromatic. Recently, isocorrole 4, another compound in the corrole family, was synthesized by Vogel's group^[1].One important feature of corrole and isocorrole is the possible formation of tri-anion, and thus the ability to stabilise high-oxidation-state metal cations.