还原焙烧红土矿的硫酸浸出动力学

研究了选择性还原焙烧红土矿的硫酸浸出动力学.实验考察了浸出温度(30 ℃～70 ℃)和硫酸浓度(0.01～0.5 mol·l-1)对Ni、Fe浸出率的影响.结果表明:红土矿的选择性还原焙烧可增快Ni的浸出而抑止Fe的溶解.Ni的浸出动力学可用Avrami方程描述,其浸出反应的表观活化能为(15.40±0.18) kJ·moL-1.Fe的浸出受内扩散过程控制,浸出的表观活化能为(55.16±1.37) kJ·moL-1.     

Decomposition of ores by manganese dioxide Analysis of copper ores and concentrates

Manganese dioxide in presence of sulphuric acid has been used for the decomposition of copper ores and concentrates for determination of copper and iro.     

Recovery of finely dispersed gold from ores by biofloccular flotation

The possibility of selective heterocoagulation of Bacillus cereus B5039 cells and ultradispersed gold particles in the presence of other minerals is shown. It is established that the cell is the base element determining the charge of forming biomineral flocs and the composition of bound mineral components. The high efficiency of bioflotation in the processes of gold extraction from the dilute suspensions of gold-containing ores is revealed.     

A new standardized leaching test on stabilized wastes

A new long-term leaching test on stabilized and solidified waste material have been developed and standardized in the frame of the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT, formerly BCR) programme of the European Union (EU). The project was coordinated by Dr. H. A. Van der Sloot from ECN (Energy Research Foundation, The Netherlands). Twenty-five European laboratories from EU and EFTA countries participated in the intercomparison exercise. The solidification/stabilization treatment of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ashes, using cement as a matrix, was performed by INTRON B. V. (The Netherlands). The resulting solidified waste material was then used to produce the requested specimens for the intercomparison study. Before distribution to participants, specimen homogeneity was tested according to the state-of-the-art technology for physical-mechanical testing of cement samples as well as for consistency of chemical composition of the solid and stabilized waste. The results of tank leaching test for the above mentioned interlaboratory study are reported and the advantages of this new procedure for the study of the environmental impact of solidified wastes are discussed.     

Bioleaching of low-grade copper ores usingThiobacillus ferrooxidans

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology -     

Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of copper in copper ores by flow-injection analysis

A flow-injection analysis (FIA) method for the ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of copper in copper ores is described. The ore samples are dissolved in concentrated perchloric acid, the excess acid is neutralized with ammonia solution, and the resulting solution is used for the determination of copper. The UV-FIA system is based on the reaction of copper (II) ions with pyrophosphate and subsequent measurement of the absorbance of the dipyrophosphatocuprate (II) complex at 240 nm. The main factors which control the formation of this complex and the FIA variables influencing the system are discussed. The calibration graph is linear from 2-50 ppm copper. At a sampling rate of about 70 samples h(-1) with 50 mul sample injections, precision was about 1% relative standard deviation. Results obtained compare well with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.     

Mineralogical composition of tailings remaining after flotation of polish Zn-Pb sulphide ores

The mineralogical composition of the tailings remaining after the flotation of lead and zinc sulphide ores originating from the two most characteristic areas of the Silesian-Cracovian deposits (Poland) was estimated. The main component of the tailings was dolomite containing non-uniformly distributed isomorphic admixtures of Fe(II) and Mn(II). The tailings from the Boleslaw area differ from those from the Trzebionka area in a relatively high content of iron sulphides and in the frequent occurrence of siderite. Simultaneous thermal identification of siderite and ferroan dolomite in the presence of iron sulphides was performed by using a flowing Ar furnace atmosphere.     

Determination of gold in copper-bearing sulphide ores and metallurgical flotation products by atomic-absorption spectrometry

A method is described which is specific for the determination of gold in sulphide copper ores and concentrates. Direct decomposition with aqua regia was found to be incomplete. A carefully controlled roasting stage followed by treatment with hydrochloric acid and then aqua regia was effective for dissolving all the gold. The gold is extracted into 4-methylpentan-2-one (methyli-sobutylketone) then aspirated into a very lean air—acetylene flame and the gold determined by atomic-absorption spectrometry. No interferences were observed from large concentrations of copper, iron or nickel.     

Determination of hexavalent and tetravalent uranium in phosphate ores through hydrochloric acid selective leaching

The tetravalent and hexavalent uranium content of three Egyptian phosphate type ore samples namely; Sebayia, Abu Tartur and Qatrani have been studied through selective leaching by hydrochloric acid at normal, oxidized and reduced conditions at an amount of hydrochloric acid less than the stoichiometric value i.e. before phosphoric acid production. Oxidizing condition is attained by incorporating 2% of manganese dioxide in the leaching cycle, whereas reducing condition is attained by adding 2% iron powder. The achieved results show that the amount of tetravalent uranium varies between 5 and 95%. As soon as the achieved stoichiometric value of hydrochloric acid is sufficient to produce phosphoric acid both tetravalent and hexavalent uranium dissolve by virtue of phosphoric acid complexing power for uranium. The chemical form of uranium in the ore determines the type of solvent needed to recover it.     

Extraction of Gold from ores and concentrates by leaching with the use of cyanides and alternative reagents

The problems associated with gold mining are considered from the standpoint of application of heap leaching, a method for gold recovery. Data on the kinetics and mechanism of gold dissolution in cyanide and alternative solvents [thiocarbamide solutions containing Fe(III) ions and hypochlorite-chloride bromine-bromide, iodine-iodide, and copper-thiosulfate solutions], which make it possible not only to improve the working efficiency in gold mining, but also to lessen the contamination of the environment with highly toxic compounds.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1585–1604.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Kozin, Melekhin.     

Pollutants leaching behaviour from solidified wastes: a selection of adapted various models

Leaching tests are essential in the environmental assessment of stabilized wastes. Research programmes were conducted on their interpretation in order to develop tools for the evaluation of long term release of pollutants contained in solidified wastes. Models for the leaching of porous materials are discussed in this paper according to the specificity of the chemical species (i.e. transport model with total dissolution of species-diffusional model; transport model with progressive dissolution of species due to limitation of solubility-shrinking core model; and the model coupling transport and chemical phenomena). The leaching behaviour of pollutants (i.e. lead) solidified in a cement matrix was studied under different chemical conditions. Results have shown that the release of species whose solubilities depend on the physico-chemical conditions, and especially the pH (e.g. amphoteric metals), is governed by the solubility of the species in the pore water at local conditions and by the pH evolution within the matrix. A coupled dissolution/diffusion model was developed to describe the release of chemically complex species contained in a porous medium in contact with water. Leaching tests of cement matrices and artificial porous matrices containing calcium hydroxide and pollutants were conducted in order to validate the coupled dissolution/diffusion model. A good assessment of the retention of some pollutants contained in cement matrices could then be obtained by the association of two tests: solubilization of the pollutants related to the chemical context (pH) under steady state conditions and monolithic long term dynamic leaching tests in order to characterize the evolution of the chemical context (pH) and consequently the release of pollutants. The objective is to integrate this approach in the standardization process (CEN TC 292- WG 6, in progress).     

Substoichiometric determination of rhenium in copper ores and molybdenum concentrates by neutron activation analysis

A simple and rapid substoichiometric method is described for the estimation of rhenium in copper ores and molybdenum concentrates by neutron activation analysis. 2 μg of Re can be determined with an accuracy of 4%. The variation of the mean at 95% confidence limit does not exceed 2%. The time required for processing three samples is less than 60 min.     

Heterocyclic dithiophosphates as analytical reagents Indirect extraction-spectrophotometric determination of silver in copper concentrates and ores

The proposed method is based on the exchange reaction between the complex of copper(II) with 4,7-dimethyl-2-thiol-2-thion-1,3,2-dioxophosphorinan (DOPh(III)) in toluene and an aqueous solution of silver(I). The decrease in the absorbance of the Cu(DOPh(III))(2) solution is proportional to the silver(I) concentration for 5-90 mug of silver in 5 ml of toluene extract and 5-30 mug in 10 ml of toluene extract. The method is applied to the determination of silver in copper concentrates and ores.     

Cold crystallization kinetics of slag from the joint smelting of oxidized nickel and sulfide copper ores

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The cold crystallization kinetics of the glass-crystal composition (90.3 vol% of glass) made of slag from the joint smelting of oxidized nickel and...     

Determination of silver in copper ores by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry after extraction separation with triphenylphosphine

Summary A procedure is proposed for determination of small amounts of silver in copper ores and processed products. The samples are dissolved in a Teflon bomb in a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids, then evaporated in the presence of nitric and boric acids. Silver is extracted from the sample solution with a solution of triphenylphosphine in methyl isobutyl ketone, then determined by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The method is precise and accurate. The relative standard deviation for a silver content of 10^–4% is about 4%.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung kleiner Mengen Silber in Kupfererzen und daraus hergestellten Produkten wurde vorgeschlagen. Die Proben werden in einer Teflonbombe in einem Gemisch aus Flußsäure und Salpetersäure gelöst und dann in Gegenwart von Salpetersäure und Borsäure eingeengt. Das Silber wird mit Triphenylphosphin, gelöst in Isobutylmethylketon, aus der Probelösung extrahiert und dann mit Hilfe der AAS bestimmt. Das Verfahren ist genau, die relative Standardabweichung beträgt bei einem Silbergehalt von 10^–4% ungefähr 4%.

     

Studies on processes for recovering uranium from sediment wastes

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Sediment wastes generated from nuclear facilities often contain uranium and iron. From the viewpoint of reduction of environmental impact,...     

碱熔酸浸试样–碘量法测定铜冶炼白烟尘中的铜

建立碱熔酸浸试样–碘量法测定铜冶炼白烟尘中铜的方法。采用氢氧化钾–硝酸钾混合溶剂熔融试样,用盐酸浸取,以溴消除砷、锑等元素的干扰,用碘量法测定铜的含量。对滴定条件及共存元素的干扰和消除进行了验证,从而确定了最佳测定条件。实验最佳条件:4 g氢氧化钾和0.5 g硝酸钾混合溶剂;马弗炉温度650 ℃;样品称样量0.300 0 g;硫代硫酸钠标准溶液浓度0.02 mol/L。采用该实验条件,铜冶炼白烟尘中的铜测定结果相对标准偏差在0.37%~0.83%之间(n=10),样品加标回收率为98.30%~101.40%。该方法分析时间短,测定结果准确可靠,具有良好的精密度,可用于铜冶炼白烟尘中铜的测定。     

Separation via flotation, spectrophotometric speciation, and determination of vanadium(IV) in wastes of power stations.

1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazone (HMBPT) was investigated as a new reagent for the flotation of vanadium(IV). At pH approximately 1.5, vanadium(IV) forms a 1:1 pale-violet complex with HMBPT in aqueous solution. An intense clear violet layer was formed after flotation, by adding an oleic acid (HOL) surfactant. The composition of the float was 1:1 [V(IV)]:[HMBPT]. A highly selective and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure was proposed for the determination of microamounts of V(IV) as its floated complex. The molar absorptivities of the V(IV)-HMBPT and V(IV)-HMBPT-HOL systems were 0.4 x 10(4) and 0.12 x 10(5) L mol(-1) cm(-1) at 560 nm, respectively. The formation constants of the species formed in the presence and absence of HOL were 4.6 x 10(7) and 8.7 x 10(5) L mol(-1), respectively. Beer's law was obeyed up to 1 x 10(-4) mol L(-1) in the aqueous layer as well as in the oleic acid layer. The HMBPT-V(IV) complexes formed in the aqueous solution and scum layer were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and UV spectrophotometric studies. The mode of chelation between V(IV) and HMBPT is proposed to be due to a reaction between the protonated bidentate HMBPT ligand and V(IV) through the S=C and N=C groups. Interferences from various foreign ions were avoided by adding excess HMBPT and/or Na2S2O3 as a masking agent. The proposed flotation method was successfully applied to the analysis of V(IV) in synthetic mixtures, wastes of power stations, simulated samples and in real ores. The separation mechanism is discussed.     

丙醇-硫酸铵-水体系沉淀浮选铜光度法测定头孢哌酮钠

本文建立了沉淀浮选铜光度法测定头孢哌酮钠的方法.研究表明头孢哌酮钠降解产物中的巯基使Cu(Ⅱ)还原生成的Cu(I)形成白色硫化物沉淀,该沉淀被浮选在丙醇/水两相界面之间.通过测定溶液中剩余Cu(Ⅱ)浓度的吸光度,可以测定头孢哌酮钠的含量.吸光度与头孢哌酮钠浓度之间存在良好线性关系.线性方程:A=4.683-0.0871...     

Simultaneous determination of lead,copper and zinc in multimetal ores and their processed products by activation analysis

A method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of lead, copper and zinc in multimetal ores and their products by cyclic irradiation and measurement. The relative standard deviation is 10–20%, the total time required for the analysis of one sample is 10 min.